Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Progesterone may act locally to modulate follicular maturation and ovulation in the domestic hen. The distribution of progesterone receptors (PR) in the pre- and postovulatory follicles was determined in hens by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Monoclonal antibodies to chicken PR, PR6, and PR 13, were used. PR were localized in nuclei of theca externa fibroblasts and germinal epithelial cells in stigma and nonstigma regions of the third largest preovulatory follicle (F3). In the largest preovulatory follicle (F1), PR were present in theca externa fibroblasts, germinal epithelial cells, and also in granulosa cells and some of the theca interna fibroblasts in the stigma and nonstigma region. Twenty-four hours after ovulation, PR in the fibroblasts of the theca externa of the postovulatory follicle (POF) were remarkably reduced, but the amount of PR in the granulosa cells was similar to that observed in the F1. A high density of PR was also found in the fibroblasts, arterial wall, and smooth muscle fibers in the loose connective tissue of pre- and postovulatory follicles. Western blot analysis indicated that PR in the granulosa and theca tissue were identical in molecular weight to PR in the shell gland. Western blot analysis also confirmed the changes in the amounts of PR in the pre- and postovulatory follicles as determined by immunocytochemistry. The relative amounts of PR in the granulosa cells as determined by Western blot analysis was F2 less than F1 = POF, and in theca tissue was F2 = F1 greater than POF. The presence of PR in specific ovarian tissues suggests that these tissues are target tissues for progesterone and that progesterone may have a role in regulating follicular maturation and ovulation through receptor-mediated pathways.
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PMID:Localization of progesterone receptors in pre- and postovulatory follicles of the domestic hen. 198 26

The concentration of progesterone in peritoneal fluid, aspirated from the pouch of Douglas by laparoscopy, 72 hours after the peak of the luteinizing hormone in serum is believed to indicate whether the ovarian follicle has ruptured or not. Twenty six patients were studied. The volume of peritoneal fluid 72 hours after the peak of the luteinizing hormone was markedly decreased when bilateral ovarian adhesions were present. Progesterone concentrations, assayed during the early luteal phase in peritoneal fluid of women with bilateral ovarian adhesions, were significantly lower than in women with a corpus luteum presenting an ovulation stigma and even significantly lower than in those without ovulation stigma (luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome). The assay of progesterone in peritoneal fluid during the early luteal phase may be of value in women with ovarian adhesions.
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PMID:Ovarian adhesions impair ovulation. 403 16

33 infertile women with normal ovulatory cycles were investigated for the presence of a Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome (L.U.F.) using steroid hormone assays in peritoneal fluid and laparoscopic visualization of ovulation stigmata. We failed to identify a stigma in 36% (12) of the patients in the early luteal phase, 1 subject had a cystic corpus luteum and in 4 cases no diagnosis was made due to the presence of adhesions. The mean hormone concentrations in PF were significantly higher when the stigma was present (17-beta-estradiol, P less than 0,05; progesterone, P less than 0,01; 17-oh-progesterone, P less than 0,05). The two groups (with and without ovulation stigmata) showed no differences in plasma levels of Estradiol (E2) and Progesterone (P). Stigmata were detected only in 17% of subjects with concomitant endometriosis. 3 patients with a luteal phase defect showed low levels of steroids in PF in spite of the presence of an ovulation stigma.
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PMID:Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: hormone assay on peritoneal fluid in a laparoscopic study of infertile women. 623 41

The relationship between the presence or absence of an ovulation stigma and (1) the fertility status, (2) the incidence of endometriosis, (3) the concentration of progesterone and estradiol in the peritoneal fluid, and (4) the blood levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, progesterone, and estradiol in 21 fertile and 45 infertile patients who underwent a laparoscopy in the early (n = 48) or late luteal phase (n = 18) was investigated. An ovulation stigma was observed in about half of the patients, irrespective of their fertility status (past and subsequent), the presence of endometriosis, or the time of the luteal phase. Progesterone and estradiol concentrations in the peritoneal fluid were highest in the early luteal phase, but they were not correlated with the presence or absence of an ovulation stigma. No significant differences were observed in peripheral hormone levels between women with and those without an ovulation stigma nor between women with high or low concentrations of progesterone in the peritoneal fluid. From the data, it is concluded that hormone assays are of no aid in the diagnosis of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome and that the absence of an ovulation stigma on laparoscopic examination cannot be equated with the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.
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PMID:Ovulation stigma and concentration of progesterone and estradiol in peritoneal fluid: relation with fertility and endometriosis. 642 20

Seven regularly cycling rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were used in this experiment. The animals were followed during two consecutive cycles. During the first cycle (control), the animals did not receive any treatment and the date of ovulation was determined by using daily total serum estrogens and serial laparoscopies. In the second cycle, the animals received 1 mg daily of [N-Ac-D-Trp(1)(3),D-p-Cl-Phe(2), D-Phe(6), D-Ala(10)-LH-RH by intramuscular injection from days 10-14. The date of ovulation was determined by using the same methodology as the control cycle. Blood samples were drawn daily from day 8 of the cycle until the onset of menses, and the serum was used to measure total estrogens, progesterone and LH. A significant delay of the preovulatory LH peak and ovulation occurred in 5 of the 7 animals resulting in a proportional increase in cycle length as compared to the control cycle. No changes in cycle length or date of LH peak occurred in the other 2 animals. One of them did not present signs of ovulation as determined by laparoscopy (no recognizable stigma or corpus luteum). Progesterone production and length of the luteal phase were not affected by the treatment.
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PMID:The effects of an LH-RH antagonist ([N-Ac-D-Trp(1)(3), D-p-Cl-Phe(2), D-Phe(6), D-Ala(10)]-LH-RH) during the preovulatory period of the rhesus monkey. 703 Jun 13

The luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome is a frequent phenomenon, occurring in half of our women with regular cycles and infertility. Progesterone concentrations and 17 beta-oestradiol concentrations were assayed in peritoneal fluid of women during the luteal phase. Up to day 20 of the cycle, the concentrations were significantly higher in women with an ovulation stigma than in women without an ovulation stigma on their corpus luteum. The range of concentrations was sufficiently different in the early luteal phase to be used diagnostically, the only limitation being the presence of a cystic corpus luteum. We suggest that the assay of progesterone and 17 beta-oestradiol in peritoneal fluid should be done in all women with infertility and biphasic basal body temperature charts in order to diagnose the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome.
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PMID:Diagnosis of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome by steroid hormone assays on peritoneal fluid. 743 65

Reports of Dalkon Shield-related pelvic inflammatory disease during the 1970s severely damaged public acceptance of all IUDs. This stigma persists, despite the proven safety and efficacy of newer IUDs, especially the ParaGard T 380A and the Progestasert--the only two IUDs approved for use in the US. The ParaGard may be advantageous for older women in whom hormonal contraception is contraindicated, while the Progestasert is a good choice for women who experienced heavy bleeding with copper IUDs. This article was prepared to improve the understanding of nurse practitioners in the US of the mechanism of action of the IUD and to correct misinformation about its side effects. A special section outlines insertion techniques for the ParaGard T 380A. Given rigid patient selection guidelines and strict aseptic insertion techniques, the IUD represents a safe, long-term, cost-effective, and highly efficacious contraceptive method for monogamous women. Current theory holds that the IUD can be inserted at any time during the menstrual cycle, as long as pregnancy can be reliably excluded.
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PMID:The intrauterine device: dispelling the myths. 983 5

Ovarian surface epithelial cells have been implicated in the genesis of common ovarian cancers. The integrity of DNA of ovarian surface epithelial cells contiguous with the ovulatory stigma becomes compromised during the rupture process; most cells degenerate by apoptosis, however some, bearing sublethal lesions, persist along the margins of ovulated follicles. Clonal expansion of a genetically-damaged surface epithelial cell (i.e. with unrepaired DNA, but not committed to death) can presumably give rise to ovarian carcinoma. It was hypothesized that estradiol and progesterone regulate ovarian surface epithelial cell-cycle dynamics associated with folliculo-luteal transitions and ovulatory wound repair/remodeling. Progesterone up-regulated the tumor suppressor p53 and inhibited baseline and estradiol-stimulated proliferation of cultured sheep ovarian surface epithelial cells. Anti/mitotic responses to steroid hormones were transcriptionally- and receptor-dependent. Rates of apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) were unaffected by progesterone. High concentrations of estradiol, via a nongenomic (perhaps antioxidant) mechanism, suppressed basal and H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis. We suggest that, progesterone serves to inhibit proliferation of ovarian surface epithelial cells throughout the luteal phase--providing the time (growth arrest) required to correct any metabolic disturbances to DNA that are perpetrated as an inevitable by-product of the ovulatory process. With luteolysis and dominance of an estrogenic preovulatory follicle the ovarian surface epithelium is then regenerated. Thus, it is conceivable that perturbations to the steroid hormonal milieu of ovarian cycles could be a predisposing factor for cancerous transformation of an ovarian surface epithelial cell.
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PMID:Steroid hormonal regulation of proliferative, p53 tumor suppressor, and apoptotic responses of sheep ovarian surface epithelial cells. 1185 Jan 22