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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In Fiji the magnitude and burden of mental health disorders today is increasing with more than 75% of people admitted to the St Giles Psychiatric hospital for the first time suffer from mental or behavioural disorder. Moreover, more than 50% suffer from an alcohol-or drug-use disorder. This growing burden amounts to huge cost in terms of human misery, disability and economic loss. The purpose of this paper is to look at the mental health service provided at the St Giles psychiatric hospital and the utilisation of these services focusing exclusively on first admissions for year 2002 with the view to identifying characteristics that may suggest that patient may have benefited from a community based service, thereby avoiding the stigma of a psychiatric admission. Recommendations arising from the data will be presented on the role of other health promoting alternatives to hospitalization, which may be more health promoting. These recommendations may help to meet the diverse needs arising from the community, and strengthen the ability to respond to new cases in homesettings and rehabilitate people within their own communities.
Pac Health Dialog 2006 Sep
PMID:Utilisation review of first admissions in 2002: St Giles Psychiatric Hospital, Suva, Fiji. 1818 94

Ethno cultural influences on the psychosocial construction and lived experience of HIV/AIDS in Native Hawaiian women were examined in two exploratory studies. It is proposed that the quality, maintenance, and restoration of affective interpersonal bonds is a central organizing theme affecting the perceptions, interpretations, affective experiences, and motivations underlying the women's experience of HIV/AIDS. Qualitative analyses of verbatim transcriptions identified the role of affective interpersonal bonds in several key areas including stigma, shame and disclosure decisions, the meaning of infection, access to and experience of health and social services, and personal growth and development. The role of ethno cultural influences in psychological growth models is discussed and future research directions are offered.
Pac Health Dialog 2003 Sep
PMID:Psychosocial adjustment of Native Hawaiian women living with HIV/AIDS: the central role of affective bonds. 1818 55

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLHAs) continue to face stigma and discrimination in society. The felt needs of PLHAs can be met by means of a comprehensive, holistic, and integrated approach by the concerned sectors. This study included 100 PLHAs admitted at 3 care homes run by nongovernmental organizations in New Delhi. As many as 22% of the patients had been diagnosed with pulmonary Koch's. Unemployment rates were found to increase after disease onset. Majority were satisfied with the medical treatment and overall care provided at these centers. About 25% expressed that they would like the government to provide them with suitable jobs. Less than one third (30%) of the PLHAs expressed satisfaction with their family life whereas the rest yearned for love and acceptance from society. Study findings highlight the important role of nongovernmental organizations and stresses on the need for a holistic approach toward the care of these people.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2015 Mar
PMID:An assessment of felt needs and expectations of people living with HIV/AIDS seeking treatment at NGOs in Delhi, India. 1944 73

Tuberculosis control programs have recognized and addressed those system components in which knowledge and behavior of the patient and the general population are key issues because they have a profound influence on the treatment-seeking behavior and completion of course of treatment. As a part of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program, the ongoing information, education, and communication (IEC) efforts in Delhi were further intensified in the form of a multipronged media campaign. The objectives of this study are to evaluate (a) the impact of the campaign on awareness generation among the target audiences, (b) their opinion for making the campaign more effective and suited to their needs, and (c) perceptions of health personnel regarding the campaign. The study follows a descriptive cross-sectional design. The following qualitative methods were used: (a) focus group discussions of patients and the general population, (b) 3 key informant interviews of the health care personnel and a defaulter patient, and (c) in-depth interviews of 20 DOTS (directly observed treatment, short course) providers. The study observed that (a) different sociocultural segments of the population varied in terms of their observations of IEC messages, (b) stigma associated with tuberculosis is widely prevalent despite having a campaign, and ( c) television was voted as the most effective IEC medium. IEC strategies should be tailor-made and suited to the needs of a particular subpopulation.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2009 Jul
PMID:A qualitative evaluation of the information, education, and communication component of the tuberculosis control program in Delhi, India. 1944 76

Admission to Fiji's sole psychiatric hospital St Giles attaches the stigma of mental illness to patients, which may impact on the course of their lives and on their social acceptability. We argue that alternatives to hospitalization are health promoting in that they avoid stigmatization and institutional dependency. Recommendations are proposed for the further development of a community-based mental health service, such that admission is avoided where possible and where services are provided in the least restrictive environment close to patient's family and community supports.
Pac Health Dialog 2007 Sep
PMID:A proposed future for the care, treatment and rehabilitation of mentally ill people in Fiji. 1958 15

Capacity building assistance (CBA) uses multiple techniques, including training and technical assistance, to develop a sustainable infrastructure for healthcare agencies. Although there is some evidence that CBA is effective, much remains to be learned about the best ways to implement it. We assessed factors influencing the delivery of an HIV-related CBA project for health professional in the U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Jurisdictions. We found some factors clearly facilitated CBA (e.g., implementing programs over long time periods), while others were clearly limiting influences (e.g., AIDS-related stigma). Lessons from this study can be applied to other CBA programs, where CBA providers can assess barriers and facilitators to implementation in order to target their services to the needs of local health experts.
Pac Health Dialog 2007 Mar
PMID:'Healthcare is not something you can isolate from life in general": factors influencing successful clinical capacity building in the Pacific. 1977 45

This study was conducted among 526 health care workers (HCWs) in Bangladesh to identify the levels and correlates of stigmatized attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLHIV). HIV-related stigmatized attitudes were measured by a set of items that reflected avoidance attitude of HCWs in hypothetical situations. A multiple linear regression model identified the following correlates of stigma: higher age, high level of irrational fear about HIV and AIDS, being HCW other than a doctor, working in teaching hospital, and rating religion as very important in their life (R (2) = .502). The findings are important for both public health policy planners and human rights activists as high prevalence of stigmatized attitudes among HCWs influence the decision-making process of PLHIV and stop them from accessing voluntary counseling and testing, care, support, and treatment services.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2011 Apr
PMID:Stigmatized attitudes toward people living with HIV in Bangladesh: health care workers' perspectives. 1982 39

Patients with hepatitis B face uncertainty at diagnosis. Information and support they receive at the early stage of the disease determine their adherence to follow up and treatment. This study aimed to explore the experiences and needs of patients with hepatitis B at diagnosis. A qualitative methodology was used. Nine focus groups (n = 44) were conducted to explore patients' feelings and reaction to the diagnosis, encounters with health care professionals, and their needs. The transcribed data were analyzed using a thematic approach. Most patients were not prepared for the diagnosis and many felt anxious and distressed. This was attributed to poor patients' knowledge, doctor's emphasis on disease complications, and associated stigma. Information about the disease was lacking and patients wanted to know more about the mode of transmission, natural progression of the disease, complications, and treatment options. There was a feeling of "passivity" among patients because there was often no active treatment available at diagnosis. This resulted in patients defaulting surveillance visits and missing the opportunity to start antiviral treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide sufficient information and education about hepatitis B to newly diagnosed patients, break "bad news" to patients with sensitivity, address their emotional needs, and emphasize on the rationale and importance of surveillance and treatment. This may entail public awareness campaign, implementation of pretest and posttest counseling, and educating doctors on how to communicate the diagnosis and management to patients accurately and sensitively.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2013 Jan
PMID:Uncovering the experiences and needs of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection at diagnosis: a qualitative study. 2180 30

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential to its effectiveness and avoidance of the development of drug-resistant HIV strains. Many studies have been undertaken on factors affecting adherence to ART; however, there is little information about Laos. Hence, this qualitative study examines barriers to and facilitators of adherence specific to this context. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were undertaken with 43 people living with HIV (PLHIV) currently on ART across 2 hospitals in Laos: Setthathirath hospital in the capital Vientiane and Savannakhet Province hospital. Interviews were based on semistructured question guides and were undertaken in Lao, translated into English and audio-recorded for later analysis. Major barriers to adherence reported by participants included transport costs, distance to the hospital, and stigma and discrimination. Key facilitators discussed were the perceived benefits of medication, social support, and the acceptance of HIV status.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2015 Mar
PMID:Barriers to and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Lao PDR: a qualitative study. 2253 49

Data for this study were obtained from 2375 tuberculosis (TB) patients registered during 2007-2009 and 43 health providers to examine the trend of TB patient referral for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) testing and to investigate provider-associated barriers to the referral in Prey Kabas operational district, Takeo province, Cambodia. Referral rate for HIV testing was 4.4% (30/684) in 2007, 15.4% (116/751) in 2008, and 30.1% (283/940) in 2009, with a significant upward trend over the period of time (P = .009). The main barriers perceived by health providers were poor knowledge about TB/HIV, lack of communication skills, absence of any target plan for TB patient referral for HIV testing, and fear associated with informing positive test results to the TB patients and the associated stigma. Strategies to raise awareness about HIV/AIDS/TB among TB patients and their providers may improve the current state of low referral and its barriers in Cambodia.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2015 Mar
PMID:Trends and barriers to HIV testing among tuberculosis patients in Prey Kabas operational district, Takeo province, Cambodia. 2259 19


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