Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Researchers have determined that a $4 dose of Nevirapine, which is 70 times cheaper than a short course of AZT therapy, is more effective than the AZT treatment in reducing the transmission of HIV from mother to baby. About 1,800 infants are born each day with HIV infection, and an estimated 45 percent of pregnant women in South Africa will be infected by the end of the year. The Nevirapine therapy still remains too expensive for much of the world, and there are still many women who are not tested during pregnancy and do not know they are at risk of transmitting the disease. Because of the stigma, many African women decline testing even when it is free and treatment is available. A study in Uganda found that Nevirapine lowers the risk of HIV transmission by breast feeding by nearly 50 percent during a baby's first four months. Vertical transmission remains a difficult issue, especially where contaminated water supplies could put an infant at risk for other infections when they are fed formula mixed with contaminated water.
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PMID:Can a $4 drug stop vertical HIV transmission? 1136 85

Reasons for incident cases of vertical HIV transmission in the era of free access to PMTCT in South Africa were investigated. This mixed-methods study was conducted in Soweto, South Africa from June-August, 2009. Birthmothers of HIV-infected infants born after 1 December 2008 were eligible. All participants completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Women also participated in a focus group (n = 10) or individual structured interview (n = 35). Mean age of participants (n = 45) was 28.7 years (SD = 5.4). Major findings are: (i) failure of per-guideline prescription of ARV strategies for infants (31%) and/or mothers (57%); (ii) maternal refusal of treatment (n = 5); (iii) preterm delivery (31%); (iv) delayed ANC attendance because of facility-related barriers and maternal apprehension around HIV testing; (v) fear of stigma; (vi) maternal difficulty with administering infant AZT (n = 9) and (vii) maternal confusion about infant feeding. A variety of individual, social, and structural factors must be addressed to optimize PMTCT service delivery in South Africa.
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PMID:Conversations with mothers: exploring reasons for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) failures in the era of programmatic scale-up in Soweto, South Africa. 2119 99