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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

About forty million Americans will experience a major depressive illness sometime during their lives. However, many will not seek treatment because of the social stigma attached to the disorder--depression is a sign of weakness or failure. For those that do seek treatment, many alternatives are available. The first generation of antidepressants, dubbed tricyclics (TCAs), provide relief from depression, but produce severe side effects. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) allow more norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin to be produced--neurotransmitters linked to moods and sleep. They also exhibit many side effects. The newest drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), relieve depression similar to the TCAs and MAOIs, but have a lower rate of unpleasant side effects. Prozac, within the SSRI family, is the most popular and most studied drug for the treatment of depression. Discovered by pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1987, prozac has been shown to work against obsessive-compulsive disorder, suicidal thoughts, and aggressive behavior--all of which can be symptoms of depression.
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PMID:Generation prozac. 1136 74

Researchers and aid organizations have reported that orphans in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are particularly vulnerable to abuse and neglect. This article is a review of qualitative studies that address experiences of maltreatment among orphaned children and youth living in extended families in SSA. It aims to inform policy and programming by providing a better understanding of the types of maltreatment encountered and the perceived risk factors. A literature search was carried out using Google, PubMed, Scholars Portal Search and Scopus. Searches of relevant bibliographies and publications of authors were also undertaken. Studies from peer-reviewed journals and the grey literature were reviewed for relevance and quality. Eligible studies had to include orphans living with extended family in SSA as participants, explore their maltreatment experiences and employ a sound qualitative methodology. Findings were coded, extracted, compared and synthesized. Twenty articles, representing 15 studies, were selected. These studies, from diverse SSAn countries, reported similar forms of maltreatment among orphaned children and youth: experiences of intra-household discrimination; material and educational neglect; excessive child labour; exploitation by family members and psychological, sexual and physical abuse. The perceived risk factors were poverty, living with a non-biological caregiver, stigma and alcohol abuse. The findings of the included studies suggest that awareness, prevention and intervention initiatives aimed to curb child abuse and neglect within communities in SSA are needed and should be coupled with efforts to promote education and reduce poverty and stigma.
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PMID:Child abuse and neglect among orphaned children and youth living in extended families in sub-Saharan Africa: What have we learned from qualitative inquiry? 2456 56

Media representations of illnesses, particularly those associated with stigma such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), not only define health conditions for mass audiences, but generally do so in ways that are consistent with dominant ideologies. This article examines the construction of non-suicidal self-injury as practiced by female adolescents and young adults in four US films: Girl, Interrupted, Painful Secrets, Prozac Nation, and Thirteen. The methodology used to examine the films' narrative structure is Kenneth Burke's dramatism, while Julia Kristeva's concept of abjection informs the analysis. On one hand, a paradigmatic reading suggests that the films frame self-injury as resistance to repressive maternal domination of female adolescents. On the other hand, syntagmatic analysis reveals a privileged response to NSSI in the form of pacification administered by psychotherapists functioning as the return of the phallic-mother fantasy.
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PMID:Adolescent Daughters and Ritual Abjection: Narrative Analysis of Self-injury in Four US Films. 2624 7