Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) is often not openly discussed in Asian societies. We report the parental view of PMNE in Singapore, its impact on patients and their families and the traditional beliefs and its influence on subsequent management. A screening questionnaire was used in evaluating 30 children enrolled in a clinical trial on the use of oral Desmopressin for the treatment of PMNE. Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis was familial in 56.7% of patients. Fifty per cent of them were previously unevaluated. Earlier remedial attempts included bedtime fluid restriction and voiding (100%), incentive measures (43.3%), traditional practices (26.7%), punishment (20%), drugs (16.7%), psychotherapy (100%) and bladder training (3.3%). Perceived causes of PMNE were maturational delay (50%), deep sleep (50%), familial (43.3%), behavioural problems (43.3%) and excessive fluid intake (26.7%). Reasons for seeking treatment included restricted outdoor activities (90%), parental fatigue (86.7%), disrupted sleep for the household (46.7%) and fear of underlying pathology (26.7%). Perceived adverse effects on patients included social stigma (83.3%), disrupted sleep (33.3%) and impaired school performance (13.3%). Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis can thus be a chronic distressing problem in Asian communities.
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PMID:Primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in Singapore--parental perspectives in an Asian community. 920 70

We now understand more about the causes and treatment but must work to overcome the stigma associated with enuresis. Training for professionals needs to be standardised. Terminology also needs to be standardised. European research suggests that the quality of the relationship between professional and child can affect the outcome of treatment. A range of treatments is possible but the first step is a clear assessment of the problem and cause. It is important to take account of the family setting. Never assume incontinence is inevitable for children with special needs and that nothing can be done. Much can be achieved with appropriate training programmes.
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PMID:Enuresis: sharing new research and practice. 1101 70

Nocturnal enuresis is a benign condition, yet needs treatment to relieve the child and parents of the accompanying anxiety and the stigma attached to it. It is defined as normal nearly complete evacuation of the bladder at a wrong place and time at least twice a month after the fifth year of life. The underlying cause of enuresis is functional and various proposed pathophysiological mechanisms like maturational delay, genetics, role of sleep, antidiuretic hormone, and bladder capacity are discussed. These factors have a bearing on the management. As no treatment plan is ideal, various treatment modalities currently available including good supportive care are elaborated and a plan of management discussed.
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PMID:Nocturnal enuresis. 1278 98