Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The global response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic has improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and has contributed to decreased HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Patient adherence to ART is crucial to the success of HIV/AIDS treatment. However, little is known about the determinants of adherence to ART among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This qualitative study used in-depth semi-structured patient interviews, a purposive sampling strategy and thematic analysis scheme to identify barriers and facilitators of adherence to ART in the DRC. We recruited three categories of participants from the Centre Hospitalier Monkole and the NGO ACS/Amo-Congo including participants on antiretroviral (ARV) treatment (n = 19), on ARV re-treatment (n = 13) and lost to follow-up (n = 6). Among 38 participants interviewed, 24 were female and the median age was 41 years. Food insecurity as a barrier to adherence emerged as a dominant theme across the three categories of participants. Other barriers included financial constraints, forgetfulness and fear of disclosure/stigma. Religious beliefs were both a barrier and a facilitator to ART adherence. We found that food insecurity was a common and an important barrier to ART adherence among patients in the DRC. Our findings suggest that food insecurity should be appropriately addressed and incorporated into ARV treatment programs to ensure patient adherence and ultimately the long-term success of HIV treatment in the region.
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PMID:"If I have nothing to eat, I get angry and push the pills bottle away from me": A qualitative study of patient determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. 2338 57

The discovery of chlorpromazine in the early 1950s revolutionized the clinical treatment of schizophrenia, galvanized the development of psychopharmacology, and standardized protocols used for testing the clinical efficacy of antipsychotics. Furthermore, chlorpromazine expanded our understanding of the role of chemical messaging in neurotransmission and reduced the stigma associated with mental illness, facilitating deinstitutionalization in the 1960s and 1970s. In this review, we will discuss the synthesis, manufacturing, metabolism and pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, structure-activity relationship, and adverse effects of chlorpromazine. In conclusion, we summarize the history and significant contributions of chlorpromazine that have resulted in this potent first-generation antipsychotic maintaining its clinical relevance for nearly 70 years.
ACS Chem Neurosci 2019 01 16
PMID:Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Chlorpromazine. 2992 65

Tobacco cessation is an important intervention to reduce mortality from ischemic heart disease, the leading cause of death in India. In this study, we explored facilitators, barriers, and cultural context to tobacco cessation among acute coronary syndrome (ACS, or heart attack) patients and providers in a tertiary care institution in the south Indian state of Kerala, with a focus on patient trajectories. Patients who quit tobacco after ACS expressed greater understanding about the link between tobacco and ACS, exerted more willpower at the time of discharge, and held less fatalistic beliefs about their health compared to those who continued tobacco use. The former were motivated by the fear of recurrent ACS, strong advice to quit from providers, and determination to survive and financially provide for their families. Systemic barriers included inadequate training, infrequent prescription of cessation pharmacotherapy, lack of ancillary staff to deliver counseling, and stigma against mental health services.
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PMID:Tobacco Cessation Among Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Kerala, India: Patient and Provider Perspectives. 3054 27