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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether untreated pregnant and recently post-partum cocaine-abusing women could be differentiated from women who enrolled in drug treatment programs. The experimental sample was selected from women referred to the Georgia Addiction, Pregnancy, and Parenting Project, an intervention program for pregnant and postpartum addicted women, between January 1987 and January 1988 (n = 45). The comparison group was randomly selected from women who were admitted to two (2) day treatment programs during the same time period (n = 50). Groups were compared using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and the Psychiatric Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Results indicated that untreated women were less impaired socially and exhibited fewer symptoms of psychiatric distress. These findings confirm the commonly held belief that the severity of psychosocial distress may be an important motivating factor in the decision to enter drug treatment. Alternatively, the lack of gender-sensitive program components, such as childcare, and the social stigma attached to drug use in pregnancy may also account for the reluctance of pregnant and post-partum mothers to seek drug treatment. Implications for the development of intervention and treatment programs for women are discussed.
J Subst Abuse Treat 1992
PMID:A comparison study of treated and untreated pregnant and postpartum cocaine-abusing women. 133 70

Most of the available appetite-suppressant drugs act on noradrenergic and possibly dopaminergic receptors to produce satiety. A smaller number increase excess neuronal serotonin levels by blocking serotonin reuptake or by increasing its release. All these drugs produce significantly greater weight loss than does placebo in most studies. Abuse is a problem with amphetamine, methamphetamine, and benzphetamine, whereas other drugs have minimal or no potential for abuse. Weight loss can be sustained for up to 36 months. Net weight loss, compared with placebo, ranges from 2 to 10 kg, and weight regain after terminating drug treatment proves that drugs do not work when not taken. The stigma of obesity, the public opprobrium toward obese persons, and regulatory rigidity have led to unjustified distrust in the potential of drug treatment for obesity.
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PMID:Use and abuse of appetite-suppressant drugs in the treatment of obesity. 836 2

Alcohol and drug abuse and dependence are common disorders in our society, and the vast majority of those who recover do so without formal treatment. Although this phenomenon appears to be more common among women than men there has been no gender-sensitive research. This qualitative study explored the barriers to formal treatment seeking among women who self-managed change in their alcohol and other drug dependence. The principal barriers identified included social stigma and labelling; lack of awareness of the range of treatment options, concerns about childcare, the perceived economic and time costs of residential treatment, concerns about the confrontational models used by some treatment services, and stereotypical views of clients of treatment services. A number of recommendations were made regarding program reach and content.
J Subst Abuse Treat
PMID:A qualitative study of barriers to formal treatment among women who self-managed change in addictive behaviours. 925 63

Methadone maintenance therapy for the treatment of opioid dependence continues to carry a social stigma. Until recently, patients on methadone were not considered for liver transplantation. We describe the first case of a patient on methadone who received a liver transplant for end stage liver disease and was successfully treated for recurrent hepatitis C. More than five years post transplant and three years post viral clearance, the patient continues to do well and is stable on low-dose methadone. This case emphasizes the need to reconsider the non-evidence based policy adopted by transplant centers that require methadone maintenance therapy patients to stop methadone prior to consideration for transplant evaluation.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2007 Feb 01
PMID:Liver transplant and hepatitis C in methadone maintenance therapy: a case report. 1727 50

Many adolescents use alcohol and drugs (AODs); however, most do not seek help because of stigma or confidentiality concerns. Providing services in settings that teens frequent may decrease barriers. We examined the feasibility of adapting a brief motivational intervention (MI) for high-risk adolescents (age 12-18 years) in a primary care (PC) setting by conducting small feedback sessions with adolescents, parents, and clinic staff, and pilot testing the MI with adolescents. Findings from feedback sessions indicated that clinic staff thought teens would not talk about AOD use. In contrast, adolescents reported that they would talk about their AOD use; however, they were afraid of being judged. Parents were also concerned that the PC provider might be judgmental. Feedback from the MI pilot indicated that teens were willing to talk about their AOD use and indicated readiness to change. Findings suggest that providing a brief MI in a PC setting is a viable approach for working with high-risk youth.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2007 Mar
PMID:Project CHAT: a brief motivational substance abuse intervention for teens in primary care. 1730 24

This study, using three waves of U.S. National Alcohol Surveys (1995-2005), examines lifetime alcohol treatment utilization and perceived treatment barriers among Latinos. The sample included 4,204 Latinos (2,178 women and 2,024 men); data were weighted. Analyses were linear and logistic regressions. Controlling for survey year, severity, and other covariates, male gender and English language interview predicted higher utilization generally and Alcoholics Anonymous use specifically; English interview was also associated with institutional treatment. (Effects for gender on general utilization were marginal.) Other predictors of utilization included older age, lower education, greater social pressures, greater legal consequences, greater dependence symptoms, and public insurance. Whereas men and women differed little on perceived barriers, analyses showed greater barriers among Spanish (vs. English) interviewees. Latina women's underutilization of alcohol treatment requires further research but may be partially explained by stigma. Associations between language of interview and treatment utilization imply a need for outreach and culturally sensitive programming.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2009 Jun
PMID:Gender, acculturation, and other barriers to alcohol treatment utilization among Latinos in three National Alcohol Surveys. 1900 99

Stigma and stereotyping of marginalized groups often is insidious and shows up in unlikely places, for instance in how clinical trials consider dropouts in treatment research. A surprising number of studies presume that people who do not complete the study protocol relapse and code their data as if they had been observed. There is no good statistical rationale for this treatment of missing data and numerous and more defensible alternative methods are available. We need to be mindful about our attitudes and preconceptions about the people we are intending to help. There is no good reason to continue to support science built on this scientifically indefensible stereotyping, however unintentional.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2009 Feb 18
PMID:Stereotyping and the treatment of missing data for drug and alcohol clinical trials. 1922 54

Among women at-risk for problems drinking, treatment seeking can be hindered by a complex array of issues such as a lack of transportation, social stigma, denial, fear of losing children, and reluctance of primary care physicians to refer women. This study describes the barriers/facilitators and need for treatment among a community sample of rural and urban women at-risk drinkers. Data for this study were assembled from the baseline sample of individuals who participated in a large probability sample of rural and urban at-risk drinkers (N = 733) from six Southern states: Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee. Men and women differed on perceived barriers/facilitators and need for alcohol treatment. Women differed from men on measures of treatment affordability, accessibility, acceptability and report of social support, illness severity, comorbidities, and demographic characteristics. Rural women differed from urban women on measures of treatment affordability and accessibility and report of illness severity and comorbidities.
J Subst Abuse Treat 2010 Jul
PMID:Barriers and facilitators for alcohol treatment for women: are there more or less for rural women? 2038 Dec 84

In response to a growing and worldwide recognition of elder abuse, the WorldView Environmental Scan on Elder Abuse was undertaken. It represented an attempt to collect both information on the nature of the problem of elder abuse and responses to it from a global perspective. The first of its kind, the Scan gathered information about elder abuse as well as on related legislation and policy, services and programs, educational resources and needs, training, and past and ongoing research. A total of 53 countries responded to the survey questionnaire, with 362 respondents representing the six world regions designated by the World Health Organization. Findings revealed that factors contributing to elder abuse include changing social and economic structures, isolation of victims, inadequate knowledge of laws and services, intergenerational conflict, and poverty. Barriers to seeking resources to intervene and protect older adults include the culture of the country, language issues, literacy, stigma, lack of mobility, lack of funding, and insufficient familiarity with and access to the internet. The data serve as a catalyst to take action, both globally and nationally, while emphasizing the changes necessary to protect the rights and dignity of older adults.
J Elder Abuse Negl 2010 Jan
PMID:WorldView Environmental Scan on Elder Abuse. 2039 Aug 30

The objective of this study was to culturally adapt and validate a scale to measure HIV-related felt stigma in a group of People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Puerto Rico. The researchers conducted a two-phase cross-sectional study with 216 participants (60, first phase; 156, second phase). The first phase consisted of the cultural adaptation of the scale; the second evaluated its psychometric properties. After conducting a factor analysis, a 17-item scale, the HIV Felt-Stigma Scale (HFSS), resulted. Participants completed the Puerto Rico Comprehensive Center for the Study of Health Disparities Socio-demographic Questionnaire, the HFSS, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Sexual Abuse dimension of the History of Abuse Questionnaire; the case managers completed the Case Manager Stigma Guide with subjects. The HFSS measures four dimensions: personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image, and concern with public attitudes. The alpha and Pearson correlation coefficients (0.91 and 0.68, respectively) indicated satisfactory validity and reliability; the scale suggested adequate convergent validity. The HFSS is a culturally sensitive instrument that fills the existing gap in the measurement of felt stigma in Spanish-speaking PLWHA.
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PMID:Measuring HIV felt stigma: a culturally adapted scale targeting PLWHA in Puerto Rico. 2066 83


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