Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aims of this study were to explore the levels of insight in patients with depressive disorders and to examine the factors that influenced insight. Using the Mood Disorders Insight Scale, we evaluated 247 patients with depressive disorders to determine their levels of insight with respect to their awareness of the illness, the attribution of symptoms, and their belief in the necessity of treatment. The relationships between insight and the severity of depressive symptoms, the level of self-stigma, sociodemographic characteristics, and the course of the illness were examined. The results reveal that 91 (36.8%) subjects had impaired insight into awareness of their illness, 92 (37.2%) had impaired insight into attribution of symptoms, and 39 (15.8%) had impaired insight into the need for treatment. A younger age and more severe depression symptoms were significantly associated with insight into awareness of the illness. More severe depression symptoms and a higher education were associated with intact insight with respect to attribution of symptoms. Those who have a major depressive disorder were more likely to have intact insight into the need for treatment than those with depressive disorder that was not otherwise specified. Analysis of our results indicates that depressive patients with factors predicting impaired insight may benefit from intervention to improve their insight, and this should advance their recovery.
 ...
PMID:Insight and correlates among outpatients with depressive disorders. 1612 40

This study examines depressed adults' use of mental health services, focusing on Latinos and African Americans. Self-report data for adults meeting CIDI criteria for major depression or dysthymia from the 1997-98 HealthCare for Communities Survey were analyzed. Gender stratified logistic regression models examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and outpatient mental health service use, controlling for sociodemographic, health status, insurance, and geographic characteristics. Latinas and African American women and men exhibited low use of outpatient mental health services. Similar results were observed in an insured subsample. Service use by minorities was more affected by financial and social barriers (e.g., stigma). No gender differences were observed in self-reported barriers to care. Concerted and continued efforts to promote access to mental health services are critical for minority men and women affected by depression; adults may have unmet mental health needs. Other vulnerable populations include older adults especially, men, and men in poor health.
 ...
PMID:Gender and racial/ethnic differences in use of outpatient mental health and substance use services by depressed adults. 1692 67

The studies of maxillofacial gunshot injuries mainly focused on evaluating the surgical interventions and physical outcomes of the procedures. In this study we aimed to analyze the pre- and post-injury psychiatric status of the patients with self-inflicted gunshot wounds to the face. This study is based on 12 subjects who attempted suicide resulting in extensive maxillofacial injuries using guns placed beneath their chins. The psychiatric evaluation was conducted by interview and using SCID-I, SCID-II, MMPI, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Suicide Probability Scale. Two subjects were healthy, 1 had bereavement, 6 had current and 5 had previous MDD (major depressive disorder), 2 had dysthymic disorder, 3 had alcohol abuse, 2 had drug abuse and 4 had antisocial personality disorder. The suicidal group was more socially introverted according to MMPI. According to Rosenberg self-esteem subscale, self esteem, the constancy of self respect and depressive mood subtests were statistically significant in the suicide group compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.01). Depressive spectrum disorders are the most common causes. It is obvious that untreated or undiagnosed depression may increase risk of committing suicide. The changes in the physical facial appearance after the suicide attempt caused impairment of self-esteem and the constancy of self-respect. Similar to other studies, none of our patients reattempted suicide and all tried to return to their pre-injury lifestyle and appeared to accommodate to the stigma of their physical deformities. Early diagnosis and treatment should be considered as a factor to reduce the risk for suicide attempt.
 ...
PMID:Psychiatric analysis of suicide attempt subjects due to maxillofacial gunshot. 1711 7

Family, adoption and twin studies demonstrate that many adult psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder, have a clear genetic component. The aetiology of psychiatric disorders is a complex combination of both genetic and environmental components. While potential susceptibility genes for psychiatric disorders have been identified, interaction with the environment is a crucial component in disease development. Pharmacogenetics and genetic testing have the potential to play key roles in the future of clinical psychiatry. At present, an increased risk of psychiatric disorders can be identified through a detailed family history. The empirical risk of developing a disorder has been determined for many psychiatric disorders and can be used as a general guide. Genetic counselling can extend and enhance patient care by providing information to patients about the complexities of inheriting psychiatric disorders and the associated risks of recurrence. The genetic counselling process can facilitate informed decision making, alleviate misconceptions and reduce stigma through an improved understanding of the genetic cause of psychiatric disorders, and offer support to patients and their families.
 ...
PMID:Genetic counselling for psychiatric disorders. 1713 56

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric conditions, with a lifetime prevalence approaching 17%. Although a variety of pharmaceutical agents is available for the treatment of depression, psychiatrists find that many patients cannot tolerate the side effects, do not respond adequately, or finally lose their response. On the other hand, many herbs with psychotropic effects have far fewer side effects. They can provide an alternative treatment or be used to enhance the effect of conventional antidepressants. A number of recent preclinical and clinical studies indicate that stigma and petal of Crocus sativus have antidepressant effect. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of petal of C. sativus with fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients in an 8-week pilot double-blind randomized trial. Forty adult outpatients who met the DSM- IV criteria for major depression based on the structured clinical interview for DSM- IV participated in the trial. Patients have a baseline Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score of at least 18. In this double-blind and randomized trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive capsule of petal of C. sativus 15 mg bid (morning and evening) (Group 1) and fluoxetine 10 mg bid (morning and evening) (Group 2) for a 8-week study. At the end of trial, petal of C. sativus was found to be effective similar to fluoxetine in the treatment of mild to moderate depression (F=0.03, d.f.=1, P=0.84). In addition, in the both treatments, the remission rate was 25%. There were no significant differences in the two groups in terms of observed side effects. The present study is supportive of other studies which show antidepressant effect of C. sativus.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of petal of Crocus sativus L. and fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients: a pilot double-blind randomized trial. 1717 60

HIV-related stigma and discrimination negatively impact African Americans living with HIV. Social support theory hypothesizes that social support can serve to protect individuals against the negative effects of stressors, such as discrimination, by leading them to interpret stressful occasions less negatively. This study sought to examine the relationship between perceived social support and perceived HIV stigma among HIV-positive African Americans. A cross-sectional convenience sample of 283 HIV-positive African Americans was recruited from three social service agencies. Bivariate and multivariate regressions were used to determine the variables predicting perceived HIV stigma. The study participants were found to have a wide variety of opinions concerning perceived HIV stigma. Of the three different sources of perceived social support examined (from family, friends and a "special person"), only perceived social support from friends was found to be related to perceived HIV stigma when controlling for the presence of other relevant factors. High perceived social support from friends was associated with less perceived HIV stigma. Other factors associated with low perceived HIV stigma included a lack of current symptoms of major depression, a longer time since HIV diagnosis and higher education. Information about the beneficial effects of perceived social support from friends and other factors can help to provide guidance to those working to decrease the negative impact of HIV stigma among HIV-positive African Americans.
 ...
PMID:HIV stigma and social support among African Americans. 1837 17

Success in functional neuroimaging has brought the promise of quantitative data in the form of brain images to the diagnosis of disorders of the central nervous system for which only qualitative clinical criteria have previously existed. Even though the translation of research to clinical neuroimaging for conditions such as major depression may not be available yet, rapid innovation along this trajectory of discovery to implementation compels exploration of how such information will eventually affect providers and patients. Clinical neuroethics is devoted to elucidating ethical challenges prior to and during the transfer of new research capabilities to the bedside. Through a model of proactive ethics, clinical neuroethics promotes the development of responsible social and public policies in response to new diagnostic and prognostic capabilities for the benefit of patients and their families, and for providers within the health care systems in which they practice. To examine views about the potential interaction of clinical neuroimaging and depression, we surveyed both mental health providers and outpatients and inpatients diagnosed with major depressive disorder. From responses of 52 providers and 72 patients, we found high receptivity to brain scans for treatment tailoring and choice, for improving understanding of and coping with disease, and for mitigating the effects of stigma and self-blame. Our results suggest that, once ready, roll out of the fully validated technology has significant potential to reduce social burden associated with highly stigmatized illnesses like depression.
 ...
PMID:In the mind's eye: provider and patient attitudes on functional brain imaging. 1842 69

Stigma of mental illness is a major obstacle to its diagnosis and treatment and may be worse among Asians than Caucasians. This study compared the stigma of depression in 50 Chinese Americans (CA) and 50 Caucasian Americans (WA). Subjects were asked to read 5 case vignettes in the following order: diabetes mellitus (DB), major depressive disorder (MDD), somatoform depression (SD), psychotic depression (PD), and fever of unknown origin (HA). Diagnosis of each case was not revealed. Subjects then rated their response to each case, on a Likert scale from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree," to 25 statements that contained 6 stigma factors: fear, shame, cognitive distortion, social consensus, discrimination, and sanction. Composite scores constructed from ratings of each factor were used to calculate the severity of stigma. Stigma of all 5 cases was worse in CA than WA. Both groups ranked DB and HA to be least and PD to be most stigmatizing. CA rated SD to be less stigmatizing than MDD but not WA. We concluded that stigma formation and severity were determined by fear, shame, cognitive distortion, social communication, consensus, and sanction. Mental symptoms, particularly psychotic symptoms, were more stigmatizing than physical symptoms, especially for CA. Belief that depression was like a physical illness did not diminish its stigma.
 ...
PMID:Stigma of depression is more severe in Chinese Americans than Caucasian Americans. 1883 72

The stigma of mental illness is pervasive in adolescents and interferes with treatment and overall life quality for those with disorders. A strategy for reducing stigma is to create awareness of counterstereotypes that can undermine the perceived homogeneity of the stigmatized group and promote help seeking for those with the illness. This study tested the strategy by presenting counterstereotypical information about the effectiveness of treatment for major depression in a national survey of youth ages 14 to 22 (N = 1,258), some of whom had experienced symptoms of depression (N = 284). The information was presented either before or after evaluating an untreated person with major depression. Despite the stigma of the mental illness stereotype, respondents reported lower levels of unfavorable stereotype expectations and reduced stigma for an individual with major depression who had been successfully treated compared with one who was not treated. The effect was robust across differences in beliefs about treatment efficacy and experiences with symptoms of depression; it was even stronger when the counterstereotypical information was presented after respondents evaluated an untreated person. The results indicate that messages focusing on persons who have been successfully treated are part of a promising strategy for reducing the stigma of mental illness in young people.
 ...
PMID:Reducing the stigma of mental illness among adolescents and young adults: the effects of treatment information. 1905 Nov 11

Talking to patients from diverse cultural backgrounds about their psychiatric disorders requires knowledge of one's own culture, the patients' cultures, and the ways in which they might interact, both in positive and unexpectedly negative ways. In this paper, we discuss the issues raised by discussing psychiatric diagnoses with Chinese-Americans who hold traditional illness beliefs and are not familiar with Western conceptions of psychiatric disorders. We explore how cultural values influence this aspect of medical practice, and suggest practical approaches to communicating the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in a culturally sensitive manner. Our clinical approach is to develop co-constructed illness narratives with patients, and to aid this process by reframing different elements of the clinical process into more culturally resonant forms. The following steps are suggested: 1) elicit patient's illness beliefs; 2) understand and acknowledge multiple explanatory models; 3) contextualize depressive symptoms into patient's physical health and social system; 4) introduce Western psychiatric theories in ways that reflect assumptions shared by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM); 5) involve patients' families whenever possible; and 6) use terminology that avoids unintended stigma.
 ...
PMID:Ethical and cultural considerations in delivering psychiatric diagnosis: reconciling the gap using MDD diagnosis delivery in less-acculturated Chinese patients. 1909 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Next >>