Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Quality-of-life (QOL) in patients with respiratory illness is a topic of increasing interest to clinicians and researchers. In a multicentre trial, which studies the long-term effects of three medication regimens (beta-agonist plus either placebo, anticholinergic agent or corticosteroid, all by inhalation) in patients with chronic nonspecific lung disease ((CNSLD): asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), quality-of-life was included as an additional outcome measure. We wanted to provide a baseline assessment of quality-of-life in 274 adult patients with a mild to moderate degree of CNSLD. Quality-of-life was measured using a set of six standardized tests: Anxiety, Depression and Sleep Disorders, Optimism and Stigma, and Activities of Daily Living were assessed via scales with adequate validity and reliability, as established in previous work in Dutch patients with CNSLD. We found that quality-of-life was mildly impaired in these patients. Although differences with a reference group were present throughout, these were not significant, probably due to selection of relatively young, clinically stable, and highly motivated patients for our study. Quality-of-life scores showed higher correlation coefficients (0.20 < r < 0.38) to symptom scores than did results of pulmonary function tests (r < 0.015). In logistic regression models, absence from work and hospitalizations due to CNSLD were partly determined by quality-of-life scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Quality-of-life in a long-term multicentre trial in chronic nonspecific lung disease: assessment at baseline. The Dutch CNSLD Study Group. 811 42

Two case examples and a review of the sleep literature illustrate the potential of antipsychotic medication to trigger sleepwalking episodes in the context of schizophrenia. Causative hypotheses are briefly reviewed, as well as risk factors, differential diagnosis, and management. Sleepwalking may contribute to delusions, aggression, and accidental suicide. It is important to investigate sleep disorders in schizophrenia. They are not rare and may contribute to behavior that increases the stigma and isolation of individuals with schizophrenia.
 ...
PMID:Sleepwalking, a possible side effect of antipsychotic medication. 2073 37

Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder that has a typical onset in adolescence and is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which can have severe consequences for the patient. Problems faced by patients with narcolepsy include social stigma associated with this disease, difficulties in obtaining an education and keeping a job, a reduced quality of life and socioeconomic consequences. Two subtypes of narcolepsy have been described (narcolepsy type 1 and narcolepsy type 2), both of which have similar clinical profiles, except for the presence of cataplexy, which occurs only in patients with narcolepsy type 1. The pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 is hypothesized to be the autoimmune destruction of the hypocretin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus; this hypothesis is supported by immune-related genetic and environmental factors associated with the disease. However, direct evidence in support of the autoimmune hypothesis is currently unavailable. Diagnosis of narcolepsy encompasses clinical, electrophysiological and biological evaluations, but simpler and faster procedures are needed. Several medications are available for the symptomatic treatment of narcolepsy, all of which have quite good efficacy and safety profiles. However, to date, no treatment hinders or slows disease development. Improved diagnostic tools and increased understanding of the pathogenesis of narcolepsy type 1 are needed and might lead to therapeutic or even preventative interventions.
 ...
PMID:Narcolepsy. 2817 47

The effect of epilepsy extends beyond those with the diagnosis and impacts families, communities and society. Caregiver and sibling quality of life is often negatively affected by frequent seizures, comorbid behavioral and sleep disorders and stigma surrounding the diagnosis. Furthermore, the negative effects can be magnified by individual coping styles and resources available to families of those with epilepsy. Beyond the family and immediate caregivers, epilepsy affects local communities by drawing additional resources from education systems. The direct costs of caring for an individual with epilepsy and the indirect costs associated with decreased productivity place financial strain on individuals and health care systems throughout the world. This review details factors affecting family and caregiver quality of life and provides several approaches through which health care providers may address these concerns. Furthermore, we examine the financial effect of epilepsy on society and review emerging strategies to lessen health care use for individuals with epilepsy.
 ...
PMID:Effect of Epilepsy on Families, Communities, and Society. 2924 14

Sleep health is a multidimensional construct that includes adequate duration, quality, and appropriately timed sleep that may be influenced by environmental factors. In this review, we focus on how an individual's living and sleeping environment, both the surrounding neighborhood physical and social features and the atmosphere around them, may impact their sleep health. We explore the associations of the physical environment (urban density, recreational facilities, green space, mixed land use, and healthy food stores), neighborhood deprivation (disadvantage and disorder), and the social environment (social cohesion, safety, and stigma) with sleep in both adult and pediatric populations. We investigate how physical and social environmental features may lead to alterations in the timing, duration, and quality of sleep and contribute to the most prevalent sleep disorders: insomnia, sleep apnea, and circadian rhythm disorders. We also review how ambient factors such as artificial light, environmental noise, and air pollution may contribute to sleep pathology. We have included key studies and recent emerging data regarding how the differential distribution of environmental factors that may affect sleep health may contribute to sleep health disparities.
 ...
PMID:Physical and Social Environment Relationship With Sleep Health and Disorders. 3187 Sep 10

Autism is both a medical condition that gives rise to disability and an example of human variation that is characterised by neurological and cognitive differences. The goal of evidence-based intervention and support is to alleviate distress, improve adaptation, and promote wellbeing. Support should be collaborative, with autistic individuals, families, and service providers taking a shared decision-making approach to maximise the individual's potential, minimise barriers, and optimise the person-environment fit. Comprehensive, naturalistic early intervention with active caregiver involvement can facilitate early social communication, adaptive functioning, and cognitive development; targeted intervention can help to enhance social skills and aspects of cognition. Augmentative and alternative communication interventions show preliminary evidence of benefit in minimising communication barriers. Co-occurring health issues, such as epilepsy and other neurodevelopmental disorders, sleep problems, and mental health challenges, should be treated in a timely fashion. The creation of autism-friendly contexts is best achieved by supporting families, reducing stigma, enhancing peer understanding, promoting inclusion in education, the community, and at work, and through advocacy.
 ...
PMID:Evidence-based support for autistic people across the lifespan: maximising potential, minimising barriers, and optimising the person-environment fit. 3214 27

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic affecting health and wellbeing globally. In addition to the physical health, economic, and social implications, the psychological impacts of this pandemic are increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. This narrative review reflected on scholarly articles on the epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19. The current literature suggests that people affected by COVID-19 may have a high burden of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety disorders, stress, panic attack, irrational anger, impulsivity, somatization disorder, sleep disorders, emotional disturbance, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal behavior. Moreover, several factors associated with mental health problems in COVID-19 are found, which include age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, income, place of living, close contact with people with COVID-19, comorbid physical and mental health problems, exposure to COVID-19 related news and social media, coping styles, stigma, psychosocial support, health communication, confidence in health services, personal protective measures, risk of contracting COVID-19, and perceived likelihood of survival. Furthermore, the epidemiological distribution of mental health problems and associated factors were heterogeneous among the general public, COVID-19 patients, and healthcare providers. The current evidence suggests that a psychiatric epidemic is cooccurring with the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitates the attention of the global health community. Future epidemiological studies should emphasize on psychopathological variations and temporality of mental health problems in different populations. Nonetheless, multipronged interventions should be developed and adopted to address the existing psychosocial challenges and promote mental health amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review. 3309 46