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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inadequate treatment of mood (affective) disorders is related to the mind/body dualism, desinformation about methods of treatment, the stigma of psychiatry, low funding of psychiatric research, low educational priority, and slow acquisition of new knowledge of psychiatry. The "respectable minority rule" has often been accepted without regard to the international expertise, and the consequences of undertreatment have not been weighed against the benefits of optimal treatment. The risk of chronicity increases with delayed treatment, and inadequately treated affective disorders are a leading cause of suicide. During the past 20 years the increase in suicide mortality in Norway has been the second largest in the world. Severe mood disorders are often misclassified as schizophrenia or other non-affective psychoses. Atypical mood disorders, notably rapid cycling and bipolar mixed states, are often diagnosed as personality, adjustment, conduct, attention deficit, or anxiety disorders, and even mental retardation. Neuroleptic drugs may suppress the most disturbing features of mood disorders, a fact often misinterpreted as supporting the diagnosis of a schizophrenia-like disorder. Treatment with neuroleptics is not sufficient, however, and serious side effects may often occur. The consequences are too often social break-down and post-depression syndrome.
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PMID:[Inadequate treatment of affective disorders]. 141 90

As a result of long-term clinical research on former prisoners of the Nazi concentration camps, I analyzed the evolution of the clinical and psychopathological pattern of the KZ-syndrome. One can differentiate the following characteristic phases: psychosomatic inanition, latency of disease, personality and adaptation disturbances, a pseudo-neurotic and depressive phase, premature aging, and an organic phase. The stigma of KZ-syndrome is present in a second generation in different forms: personality disturbances, emotional and/or social immaturity, social disadaptation, higher frequency of neurotic states, divorce, alcoholism, and suicide. The camp stress has left in human nature traces so painful that they cannot disappear when the generation of former prisoners is gone.
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PMID:The evolution of mental disturbances in the concentration camp syndrome (KZ-syndrom). 218 95

This case report examines a child abuse homicide in which the perpetrator committed suicide a few hours after the infant's death. At the time of the perpetrator's suicide he was not under investigation, nor was he a suspect in the death of the child. Although the literature does not contain reports of similar cases, we are sure they exist. This report raises the question of the degree of social stigma attached to the accusation of child abuse. It also serves as a warning to those who must deal with the potentially suicidal child abuser.
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PMID:An unusual case of child abuse homicide/suicide. 337 72

1. The widow of a spouse who committed suicide must cope with issues related to depression, anger, blame, guilt, and the stigma associated with suicide that makes recovery from this type of loss different for the survivors. 2. The predominant need of widows and widowers of suicide victims was to talk in an environment of acceptance and understanding, which could only be provided by other people who have had the same kind of experience. 3. There is no precise formula that exists to guide caregivers when assisting survivors of suicide victims, however suggestions include communicating with compassion; demonstrating care and concern; accepting the individual's grief; and offering and providing information.
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PMID:Exploring widows' experiences after the suicide of their spouse. 763 81

The increase in adolescent suicides has prompted the World Health Organization to set targets to reduce the incidence of deaths by the year 2000. In order to achieve this target further investigation into the perceptions of adolescent parasuicidal individuals is required to reduce the number of suicide attempts. Statistical evidence shows that parasuicidal individuals are commonly females who attempt suicide by taking an overdose. In the majority of cases help has been sought within the month prior to the attempt. Following an attempt many individuals feel isolated or ignored by health professionals. It appears that communication difficulties and negative attitudes by health professionals often reinforce the stigma associated with suicide. Nurses can contribute to the prevention of parasuicide/suicide by actively providing therapeutic care and counselling parasuicidal individuals to help them deal with major life events.
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PMID:Suicide and parasuicide: a selected review of the literature. 765 27

The stigma attached to suicide, and a qualitative analysis of psychiatric patients' suicide messages that emerged from a study of psychological characteristics and communications of suicidal psychiatric patients, are described. In this retrospective study, the suicide messages from clinical records of 25 suicide completers and a matched cohort of suicide attempters from a Veterans Affairs Medical Center were analyzed. A qualitative method developed by Leenaars in 1992 was used to examine themes in suicide messages. Analysis indicated that clear suicidal messages are sent by most psychiatric patients, and that some useful distinctions exist between messages of completers and attempters. Suicide messages offer worthwhile indicators of suicide that assist clinicians in their therapeutic and preventive roles. The themes of the psychiatric patients' suicide messages included unbearable psychological pain, interpersonal relations, and aggression-rejection. The present study enhances clinicians' recognition of themes in suicide messages and improves the estimation of suicide risk among psychiatric patients.
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PMID:Messages of psychiatric patients who attempted or committed suicide. 770 66

The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the psychiatric aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and sexually transmitted disease (STD) under the following subheadings: AIDS-related complex, AIDS hypochondriasis, AIDS dementia complex, AIDS and increased risk of suicide, psychiatric aspects of STD, and implications for the management of patients. The psychiatric aspects of HIV infection and AIDS include problems of adjustment to a diagnosis with a stigma and the threat of death, reactive depression and potential risk of suicide, personality disorder, AIDS-related complex (ARC), and AIDS-related dementia. The paper gives an overview of clinical, neuropathological and psychopathological experience in other countries with relevant examples from Papua New Guinea if available. STDs are mentioned because HIV transmission in Papua New Guinea is mostly by heterosexual means. The paper concludes by emphasizing the psychiatric principles of management of HIV-infected/AIDS/STD patients, which include pharmacotherapy but are always based on supportive psychotherapy and counselling.
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PMID:Psychiatric aspects of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and sexually transmitted disease (STD): an overview. 805 45

More than half of female physicians may experience a psychiatric illness during their lifetime. Depression is by far the most common such disorder, and the suicide rate is alarmingly high. However, female physicians appear to be at lower risk for substance abuse than male physicians. The medical profession could benefit from increased awareness of depression among female physicians and removal of barriers to treatment, such as stigma and discrimination against those with psychiatric illness.
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PMID:Psychiatric illness in female physicians. Are high rates of depression an occupational hazard? 915 16

This paper reviews the present situation of suicidal behavior in Japan. Although the suicide rate among the younger generation has been decreasing steadily, that among elderly Japanese has been high. In addition, it is expected that the elderly population in Japan will increase more rapidly than in other countries in the 21st century. This paper highlights the problems of suicidal elderly in Japan, by focusing on characteristics of their psychopathology, and it proposes an integrated model for suicide prevention. Accurate knowledge about suicide crisis in the elderly and appropriate countermeasures should be acquired by every individual in the community, and efficient social support networks should be established. The long-term objective should be to create an environment in which senior citizens can contribute to the community to the best of their ability, and every effort should be made to decrease the social stigma against old age and suicide.
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PMID:Recent trends in suicidal behavior in Japan. 917 53

This paper examines variations in suicide in the eight Health Boards of the Republic of Ireland for the years 1976 to 1995. It is found that while all have experienced a rise in male suicide, it has been much less pronounced in the Eastern Health Board which is somewhat surprising when one considers Dublin's much-publicised problems with homelessness and hard drug misuse. Since the mid-eighties, female rates have been somewhat higher in the southern half of the country, comprising the Southern, Mid-Western and South-Eastern Health Boards. This variation may reflect a difficulty with contacting services for psychological distress in rural areas, either because of stigma or simple practical problems associated with transport. The development of appropriate services, especially in rural areas, should be at the top of the agenda of any Resource Officer to be appointed subsequent to the Final Report of the Task Force.
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PMID:Variation in suicide rates between Health Board areas. 961 30


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