Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The World Health Organization (WHO) report on the Neuroscience of Psychoactive Substance Use and Dependence represents a summary of the latest scientific knowledge on the role of the brain in substance dependence. The findings of the report have important applications to both interventions and public health policy. Specifically, the report notes that psychoactive substances have physical and symbolic effects that are rewarding to the user. It notes that adverse consequences of psychoactive substance use are related to the level, pattern, mode, and context of use. Dependence is seen as a complex disorder involving brain mechanisms rather than a failure of will. The report notes that psychoactive substance use often coexists with other mental health problems, and that stigma associated with substance misuse inhibits treatment seeking. There is growing evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions, including advances in pharmacotherapy. However, these advances raise ethical issues that need to be addressed.
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PMID:From basic research to public health policy: WHO report on the neuroscience of substance dependence. 1534 78

Crocus sativus L. has been shown to interact with the opioid system. Thus, the effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stigma and its constituents were evaluated on morphine-withdrawal syndrome in mice. Dependence was induced using subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of morphine for 3 days. On day 4, morphine was injected 0.5 h prior the interaperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the extracts, crocin, safranal, clonidine (0.3 mg/kg) or normal saline. Naloxone was injected (5 mg/kg i.p.) 2 h after the final dose of morphine and the number of episodes of jumping during 30 mm was considered as the intensity of the withdrawal syndrome. Clonidine, the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron reduced the jumping activity. Safranal was injected (s.c.) 30 mm prior and 1 and 2 h after the injection of morphine. It potentiated some signs of withdrawal syndrome. The aqueous extract decreased the movement in all of the doses (80, 160, 320 mg/kg) and the ethanolic extract decreased it in the dose of 800 mg/kg in open field test. But crocin and the dose of 400 mg/kg ethanolic extract showed no effect on activity in this test. It is concluded that the extracts and crocin may have interaction with the opioid system to reduce withdrawal syndrome.
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PMID:Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) stigma and its constituents, crocin and safranal, on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice. 1982 24