Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The biological and technical hurdles confronting the development of new diagnostic tools are manifestly great in leprosy. Leprosy diagnosis in the field, for control as well as for research purposes, will have to remain, for the time being, predominantly clinical. It is important that the significance and relevance of diagnosing so-called 'early' lesions must be viewed in the context of the objectives of leprosy control. All evidence suggests that the majority of these 'cases' are not likely to progress in the individual, nor is there any evidence that these 'cases' are of any importance for the transmission of the disease. At its best, such 'cases' may be a sign of temporary infection which will disappear spontaneously within a few months without leaving any residual signs. It is more likely that the majority of these are not cases of leprosy. In making such a diagnosis its ethical implications on the individual, his family and the local society must be considered, given the intense social stigma this diagnosis will generate; besides the cost of treatment and the potential risk of serious side-effects due to treatment. It may be justifiable to have a broad definition if the incidence of leprosy is still high and all reported cases are to be accepted as valid. But once the backlog of cases has been detected and, as a result of control efforts, the number of new cases begins to decrease, there is a need to narrow the case definition for national statistics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Defining a case of leprosy. 140 38

A KAP study was conducted in the peri-urban Hlaing and rural Laung-Lon Townships in Myanmar. It was found that both the leprosy patients as well as community members were still not sure about the cause of leprosy. Social stigma of leprosy encountered by patients needs to be addressed especially in peri-urban areas. It was also found that the patient's understanding of treatment regularity was still very unsatisfactory, for which health education measures needs to be introduced.
 ...
PMID:A comparative KAP study of leprosy patients and members of the community in Hlaing and Laung-Lon townships. 143 20

Leprosy gives rise to two types of stigmatization, one from the disease and its neuropathetic manifestations, with their resultant disability and handicaps, and the other due to social ostracism. The process of rehabilitation should begin from the moment the disease is diagnosed, and the earlier its detection the better the prognosis for patients. The family unit to which the patient belongs plays a vital role in his social life, ensuring and enhancing his self-respect and dignity in society, and this fact must be recognized when evolving a strategy for rehabilitation. In no circumstances should a patient be removed from his natural home environment. It is important that the community is made leprosy conscious and gets more involved in hastening the social assimilation of patients. Communication plays an important role throughout the rehabilitation process. One of the major functions is the removal of the social stigma in the family and in the community and this involves communication skills to ensure interaction between the staff and patients' families and the education of the community. A highlight of community-based rehabilitation is the excellent rate of repayment of loans by the patients to whom they were made. Also of note is the extent to which former defaulters make repayments due to the continuous rapport and good interpersonal relationship between the staff and patients. Most of the subjects of this study were drawn from the lower economic strata of society and for them the most essential consideration is to make a living, however meagre.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Community-based rehabilitation: an evaluation study. 156 18

We interviewed a total of 92 dermatology clinic patients using a brief questionnaire to determine their knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about leprosy. This small survey helped to confirm our suspicions that some knowledge of leprosy is lacking and that much stigma still remains.
 ...
PMID:Attitudes towards leprosy in the outpatient population of dermatology clinics in Trinidad. 164 Jul 83

The attitudes of nurses toward leprosy are studied and in this paper. The findings show that their knowledge of leprosy is lacking and that they also fear leprosy. This study recommends that leprosy should be included in the basic nursing curriculum in order to increase awareness and to decrease the stigma of leprosy.
 ...
PMID:Appraisal of the knowledge and attitude of Nigerian nurses toward leprosy. 164 Jul 85

Leprosy continues to be a major problem in the developing world with over 3.9 million cases registered in 1989. The control of leprosy had been considerably handicapped by the widespread occurrence of resistance of M. leprae to dapsone the most commonly used anti-leprosy drug. Together with problems of treatment compliance and social stigma this lead to leprosy control losing considerable ground. In response to the situation and taking advantage of the availability of more potent drugs, in 1981, WHO recommended standard multidrug therapy (MDT) regimens for treatment of leprosy in control programmes. The experience of implementating MDT all over the world over the last eight years has shown the regimens to be highly effective and acceptable. By 1990, nearly 50% of all the registered leprosy cases in the world were benefitting from MDT. The future prospects for leprosy control appear bright with major reductions in prevalence foreseen in the coming years.
 ...
PMID:Recent developments in leprosy control. 168 71

In recent years there have been notable advances in the laboratory investigation and field management of leprosy. Progress, however, continues to be hindered by the lack of efficient methods for early diagnosis and implementation of control and treatment measures. Diagnosis is still made on the same principles as a century ago (clinical and histopathological findings), and only 1 in 3 known patients worldwide receives optimal chemotherapy. In 1988, nearly 1 in 10 newly diagnosed patients already had debilitating deformities. Contributing factors are operational, administrative and financial difficulties in implementing multidrug therapeutic regimens, inadequately trained personnel, and lack of priority and political commitment to leprosy control. The formulation and implementation of multidrug therapy is the most important development in leprosy in the past 10 years. Dapsone monotherapy was the mainstay for treatment and control for approximately 40 years, but secondary dapsone-resistant strains, first noted in 1964, now infect as many as 50% of all new patients. Multidrug regimens recommended by the WHO consist of various combinations of therapy using dapsone, rifampicin, clofazimine and a thionamide. Duration of therapy is limited to 6 months for paucibacillary and 2 years or more for multibacillary patients; relapse rates thus far are low. The average cost of treatment worldwide, including the cost of drugs, is estimated at $US150 per patient. The recent annual drop of nearly 8% in newly registered patients may be due to the implementation of these therapeutic regimens. Newer drugs that may be introduced into these regimens include fluoroquinolones, minocycline and clarithromycin. While knowledge of the microbiology of the leprosy bacillus and host response has advanced remarkably, there is little improvement in the understanding or amelioration of social aspects of leprosy. Better treatment and control reduces the stigma, but improvements in the attitudes of patients and society towards leprosy are as important as advances in medical science in achieving ultimate eradication of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Current concepts in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Clinical, pathological, immunological and chemotherapeutic aspects. 171 62

In Bone district, Province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, a total of 50 randomly selected leprosy patients were interviewed about their beliefs about their illness with the help of a questionnaire. It became evident, that their knowledge about leprosy was generally satisfactory, but only few patients adopted the bacterial theory as cause of their disease. Besides it was found that leprosy patients tend to discriminate themselves, while more tolerance was found in their healthy contacts. Traditional beliefs and religious ideas played an important role. To overcome the stigma, more health education, based on a multidisciplinary approach is required. Beside the modern medical theory, cultural beliefs and religious views have to be taken into consideration.
 ...
PMID:Beliefs of leprosy patients about their illness. A study in the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 181 4

Hansen's disease is an invalidating disease. The stigma of leprosy causes psychological problems both in the patient and the community. The most frequent psychopathological aspects in leprosy patients are discussed here.
 ...
PMID:[Psychopathologic aspects of Hansen's disease]. 207 44

Micro-cellular rubber (MCR) foot-wear has been used widely over the past several years for the anaesthetic feet of leprosy. Although MCR has got good shock absorbing and moulding qualities, many tend to reject the foot-wear because of the stigma of the disease which it carries. Two newer models of foot-wear which would meet the demands of anaesthetic sole and avoid the stigma because of their resemblance to foot-wear available in the market were tried. Model mark II fulfilled the needs and was acceptable to the patients. Such models must be tried and acceptable and effective foot-wear need to be made available.
 ...
PMID:Newer designs in foot-wear for leprosy patients. 208 85


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>