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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite recent advances in the treatment of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), their full integration into society is hindered by lingering negative attitudes towards them. In this paper, a brief overview is provided on stigmatization towards individuals with SMI, including its' impact on quality of life and self-esteem, as well as the factors which likely underlie it. Research is reviewed showing that lowered negative perceptions towards persons with SMI are associated with previous contact with this population and with presentation of empirically-based information on the association between violence and SMI. Limitations of these findings are discussed with an eye towards developing improved techniques for reducing stigma.
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PMID:The stigma of severe mental illness: some potential solutions for a recalcitrant problem. 968 87

The present study investigated the effects of a unit of instruction in mental health on rural adolescents' conceptions of mental illness and their attitudes about seeking professional help for emotional problems. Forty students enrolled in a rural Mississippi high school participated. Twenty were designated as the treatment group and twenty served as the control group. Results indicated that scores on both dependent variables (attitudes about seeking professional help and conceptions of mental illness) increased significantly for the treatment group and, further, these scores did not decrease significantly when the students were tested again twelve weeks later. The findings are discussed in the context of educating rural youth about mental illness with the express purpose of removing the stigma associated with the help-seeking process.
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PMID:Effects of a unit of instruction in mental health on rural adolescents' conceptions of mental illness and attitudes about seeking help. 970 32

Employers have previously been shown to hold negative attitudes toward mental illness. The purpose of this survey of human resource officers in UK companies was to ascertain whether these attitudes prejudice employment opportunities for subjects with mental illness--specifically, depression--and, if so, some of the beliefs upon which these attitudes are based. When employers were given vignettes of job applicants identical except for diagnosis, a label of depression significantly reduced the chances of employment, compared with one of diabetes, despite both being seen as equally credible illnesses. This stigmatization is based upon perceptions of potential poor work performance, rather than expectations of future absenteeism, but is not concordant with previous research. It is suggested that greater dissemination of information may alleviate some of this stigma.
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PMID:Workplace effects of the stigmatization of depression. 977 63

The stigma of mental illness is powerful. Clients are afraid of being discriminated against if they admit they are depressed. Fifty percent of U.S. adults believe people with depression are simply lazy despite evidence that depression has biologic causes and is a treatable mental illness. In fact, depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the United States, affecting as much as 10% of the adult population. The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that during any 1-year period, 17.6 million U.S. adults suffer from a depressive illness.
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PMID:Successful treatment for major depressive episodes. 978 41

In response to a controversy concerning whether the stigma of mental illness has declined significantly in the United States in the past several decades, we assessed changes in public perceptions that mentally ill people are violent. Specifically, we compared answers to an open-ended question regarding respondents' understanding of the term "mental illness" from two nationally representative surveys, one conducted in 1950 and one in 1996. In an earlier paper, we reported the finding that perceptions of violence not only failed to decrease but actually increased significantly between 1950 and 1996. In this paper, we explore the possibility that the dangerousness criterion for involuntary commitment, widely adopted in the United States beginning in the 1960s, has contributed to the unexpected increase in perceptions that mentally ill people are dangerous. We find that, among respondents who mention violence in their description of a mentally ill person, the percentage who use "dangerous to self or others" phrasing to indicate this belief increased substantially, from 4.2% in 1950 to 44.0% in 1996. Moreover, eliminating these respondents from consideration, there was a slight decrease in perceptions of violence between 1950 and 1996. We discuss the possibility that the adoption of the dangerousness criterion, which was intended to protect the civil liberties of mentally ill persons, may also have had the unintended consequence of increasing the stigma of mental illness in the United States.
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PMID:The growing belief that people with mental illnesses are violent: the role of the dangerousness criterion for civil commitment. 985 74

The stigma associated with mental illness is a major concern for patients, families, and providers of health services. One reason for the stigmatization of the mentally ill is the public perception that they are violent and dangerous. Although, traditionally, mental health advocates have argued against this public belief, a recent body of research evidence suggests that patients who suffer from serious mental conditions are more prone to violent behaviour than persons who are not mentally ill. It is a point of contention, however, whether the relationship between mental illness and violence is only one of association, or one of causality; that mental illness causes violence. A proven causal association between mental illness and violence will have major consequences for the mentally ill and major implications for caregivers, communities, and legislators. This paper outlines the key methodological barriers precluding casual inferences at this time. The authors suggest that a casual inference about mental illness and violence may yet be hasty. Because a premature statement advocating a causal relationship between mental illness and violence could increase stigma and have devastating effects on the mentally ill the authors urge researchers to consider the damage that may be produced as a result of poorly substantiated causal inferences.
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PMID:Understanding causal paths between mental illness and violence. 985 78

Building on modified labeling theory, I examine the relationships between stigma, psychological well-being, and life satisfaction among persons with mental illness. The study uses longitudinal data from 610 individuals in self-help groups and outpatient treatment. Results from cross-sectional and lagged regression models show adverse effects of stigma on the outcomes considered. However, much of the effects of anticipated rejection are due to discriminatory experiences. The results also indicate that stigma is related to depressive-anxiety types of symptoms but not psychotic symptoms. Although the findings show that the negative effect of stigma on life satisfaction is partly mediated by self-concept, reciprocal effects models indicate that the relationship between self-concept and life satisfaction is bi-directional. The study suggests ways in which stigma processes need to be explored in greater detail.
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PMID:The effects of stigma on the psychological well-being and life satisfaction of persons with mental illness. 991 55

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder that can disrupt a person's health, work, and relationships, and--in some cases--lead to suicide. Disparity between the prevalence of depression and diagnosis and treatment of the disorder led to the creation in 1991 of National Depression Screening Day (NDSD), an annual nationwide screening program for depression. By raising awareness and reducing the stigma of depression, the national screening program addresses the problems of underdiagnosis and lack of treatment in persons suffering from the depressive disorder. Mental health professionals and colleagues in other specialties must reach out to depressed individuals and make it easier for them to access the health care system. This article discusses the origin and goals of NDSD, the NDSD model for the current community-based program, the results of NDSD screening, and the proposed future expansion of NDSD and the voluntary screening concept.
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PMID:Depression screening as an intervention against suicide. 1007 86

Several barriers prevent elderly persons, especially those living in rural areas, from receiving mental health services. The Abbe Center for Community Mental Health is breaking down some of these barriers in the Cedar Rapids, IA, area. The center's Elderly Outreach Project identifies and provides mental health services to the area's rural elderly. A multidisciplinary team (psychiatrist, nurse, and social worker) assesses and treats home-bound clients. Four major barriers prevent seniors from using traditional mental healthcare services: A lack of trained professionals. Because many professionals have not received training in geriatrics, those working with elderly clients should be encouraged to attend educational conferences to fill gaps in their knowledge. Organizational barriers. Transportation and cost may prohibit elderly persons from seeking mental healthcare. Facilities must revise policies detrimental to clients' well-being. Ageism. Many elderly persons have internalized negative and incorrect beliefs about what aging is or should be. Education about "normal" aging is essential. Stigma. The stigma of mental illness is particularly troublesome. Services such as in-home counseling allow clients to get the help they need while keeping their mental illness confidential. To eliminate the barriers to mental healthcare, increased financial resources are necessary to develop, implement, and maintain innovative programs that can reach frail, isolated, hard-to-find persons in need of mental health, medical, and social services.
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PMID:Mental healthcare for rural seniors. An outreach program in Cedar Rapids, IA, uses an integrated approach to break down barriers to care. 1012 6

Mental illness often carries a stigma that can inhibit recovery. To overcome misunderstanding and ignorance, many national organizations have made it their mission to educate the public about mental illness. Several of these organizations offer support for those with mental illness and their caregivers; others serve to keep mental health professionals abreast of recent advancements in the field. Readers may wish to share these resources with their clients.
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PMID:Mental health resources in the United States. 1013 41


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