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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated what type of information reduces stigmatization of schizophrenia. Subjects were presented with one of six varying descriptions of a hypothetical case in which a target individual had recovered from a mental disorder. Subjects were asked if they knew someone with a mental illness. Those individuals who had no previous contact perceived the mentally ill as dangerous and chose to maintain a greater social distance from them. In general, knowledge of the symptoms associated with the acute phase of schizophrenia created more stigma than the label of schizophrenia alone. In contrast, more information about the target individuals post-treatment living arrangements (i.e., supervised care) reduced negative judgments. Implications for public education and future research are discussed.
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PMID:Dispelling the stigma of schizophrenia: what sort of information is best? 797 72

Attributing one's problems to a mental illness is associated with reduced subjective quality of life (QOL) among persons with schizophrenia, controlling for a broad range of socio-demographic, social, clinical, and psychosocial variables. Persons who attributed their problems to a 'physical, medical, or biological' problem in contrast to a 'mental illness' reported more positive social relations and higher overall quality of life. Much of the negative effect of mental illness attributions is explained by perceived stigma, lower self-esteem, and a higher level of depressive symptomatology. Depressive symptoms have an independent negative effect on QOL net of all other variables. These findings have important implications for the appropriate rehabilitation of persons with mental illness and require further scrutiny with prospective data.
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PMID:Effects of illness attribution and depression on the quality of life among persons with serious mental illness. 806 94

Three hypotheses regarding symptoms of war-related posttraumatic stress disorder and general psychiatric distress were tested: that symptoms are more severe the more severe the traumatic exposure, regardless of the war in question; that symptoms are less severe the older the veterans' age; and that symptom levels differ across sociocultural cohorts. A total of 5,138 war zone veterans who were seeking treatment from specialized Veterans Affairs outpatient clinical teams made up the sample: 320 World War II, 199 Korean War, and 4,619 Vietnam War veterans. All hypotheses were supported significantly. The similarity of relationships between traumatic exposure and symptoms across wars testifies to the generality of these experiences. Furthermore, the results suggest the operation of significant effects due both to aging and to cohort differences in sociocultural attitudes toward the stigma of mental illness and the popularity of the wars.
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PMID:Traumatic war stressors and psychiatric symptoms among World War II, Korean, and Vietnam War veterans. 818 65

Private insurance coverage has historically been and continues to be discriminatory toward patients requiring treatment for mental illness and substance abuse disorders in comparison with those in need of general medical care. Factors contributing to this disparity include stigma, relatively low overt consumer demand for psychiatric care, lack of knowledge about psychiatric illness and treatment on the part of insurers, a historical reliance on public sector psychiatry, and the assumption that more liberal psychiatric benefits result in unnecessary and excessive use. Strategies aimed at eliminating discriminatory insurance practices against those in need of mental health care must be implemented. Recommended approaches include further research on the cost effectiveness of mental health care, public education regarding the nature of mental illness and its treatment, patient/family advocacy, and the marketing of services by mental health professionals.
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PMID:Private insurance coverage for the treatment of mental illness versus general medical care: a policy of inequity. 820 46

At present social work is almost unheard of in China. Grassroots responses to the needs of mentally ill people and their families, based on the use of untrained officials and volunteers, are insufficient. In some cases, intervention may be unwelcome because of the stigma that surrounds mental illness in China and the families' desire to keep the matter private. The problems and difficulties--practical, emotional, and social--that families and patients face are not dissimilar to those of their counterparts in the West. Doctors and nurses adopt a biological explanatory model and show little interest in the wider environment of the patient, even when environmental factors can be clearly demonstrated to impinge on the illness. The authors conclude that there is a role and a need for social workers in psychiatric settings in China. Although this would undoubtedly be social work with Chinese characteristics, it would be recognizable as consistent with professional social work practice elsewhere.
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PMID:Psychiatric social work and socialism: problems and potential in China. 820 89

1. There is still a strong stigma attached to mental illness, and surprisingly many psychiatric nurses reinforce that stigma. Although some professionals may go into therapy to improve self-esteem and become better professionals, they may run the risk of destroying their career. 2. The experience as a patient in a mental health facility can result in nightmares and flashbacks, and damage due to restraints. Because "coming out" can destroy one's career, the safest place for a nurse with a history of hospitalization or substance abuse may be "in the closet." 3. If the stigma of mental illness is going to be changed, then it must start with the changing of the attitudes and perceptions of mental health professionals.
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PMID:Coming out. My experience as a mental patient. 835 27

Content analysis of 11 in-depth interviews of adult siblings having a brother or sister with schizophrenia shows a variation in families' needs and desire for information about the illness. Families who do not seek information appear to be in denial, whereas those who can be classified as withholding information realize the significance of illness but are reluctant to share information. Information provided by mental health professionals is thought to be scarce and frequently confusing. Subjects believe they must actively pursue information, and they find advice on everyday problems to be the most practical. Health care professionals need to know about the family's differing stages of readiness to receive information, to have some insight into the family's attitudes toward illness, and a recognition of the stigma of mental illness many of these families feel.
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PMID:Information sharing concerning schizophrenia in a family member: adult siblings' perspectives. 837 62

Although patients with both physical and mental illness (combined illness) are common in general hospitals, psychiatric units have been traditionally reluctant to accept such patients for intensive psychiatric care. This article presents three case reports of patients with combined illness who were largely refused at psychiatric units despite stable vital signs, and discusses factors compelling and hindering psychiatric unit acceptance of such patients. Such patients can be managed on psychiatric units when hindering factors are addressed. The most critical factor is an ongoing collegial relationship with nonpsychiatrist consultant physicians and nurses. The psychiatric unit can improve its worth and reduce stigma and mystique within the general medical hospital by becoming more accepting of these patients.
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PMID:Obstacles to the care of patients with medical-psychiatric illness on general hospital psychiatry units. 843 81

Health practitioners (N = 665) from the Chinese, Italian, German, Greek, Arabic and Anglo Australian communities used social distance scales to rate the attitudes of people in their communities toward 20 disability groups. Significant differences were found in community attitudes toward people with 19 of these disabilities. Overall the German community expressed greatest acceptance of people with disabilities, followed by the Anglo, Italian, Chinese, Greek and Arabic groups. However the relative degree of stigma attached to the various disabilities by the communities was very similar. In all communities, people with asthma, diabetes, heart disease and arthritis were the most, and people with AIDS, mental retardation, psychiatric illness and cerebral palsy, the least accepted of the disability groups. These stigma hierarchies were remarkably similar to other hierarchies reported over the last 23 years. The findings have important implications for people with disabilities and health practitioners in multicultural societies.
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PMID:Attitudes towards disabilities in a multicultural society. 845 31

The severely mentally ill face many roadblocks, not the least of which is discrimination by the government and by insurance companies. The inadequate coverage allowed the severely mentally ill by the insurance industry, Medicare, and Medicaid is often as little as one fifth or less the coverage allowed other serious illnesses. This inequity not only contributes to the terrible stigma of mental illness, but also greatly increases patient suffering and results in needless fatalities--suicides that could have been prevented by properly reimbursed treatment. As the federal government prepares for essential health care cost reform, it is imperative that policy leaders, physicians, and mental health care advocates demand equal treatment under the law for the severely mentally ill. The Equitable Health Care for Severe Mental Illnesses Act of 1992 can provide a model for such action.
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PMID:Mental health care policy in the 1990s: discrimination in health care coverage of the seriously mentally ill. 847 77


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