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Query: UMLS:C0277787 (stigma)
 13,352 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper deals with the motivational, demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals who seek psychiatric help at facilities located a great distance from their places of residence. The study identifies two subgroups within this category. The first (Intentional or Type A) group is constituted by persons who, owing to their concerns with the social stigma of mental illness, or driven by the desire for a magical solution to their problems, purposely undertake the journey to a distantly located psychiatric center. The second (Incidental or Type B) group consists of vacationers, hitch-hikers and skid-row individuals. While these "long distance patients" (LDP) did not show any differences when compared with the remainder of clinic attendance on demographic variables, distinct clinical features differentiated the two populations. Most significantly the LDP had a higher incidence of schizophrenia and alcohol related problems. The difference was entirely accounted for by the Type B subgroup ((LDP less than 0.01; Type A, NS; Type B less than 0.001). Implications of this finding have been discussed in view of the suggested relationships between travel and mental illness. Administrative problems of the LDP have been briefly commented upon.
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PMID:The long-distance psychiatric patient in the emergency room. Insights regarding travel and mental illness. 46 82

To assess some of the socio-cultural reasons hindering psychiatric follow-up studies in Iran, 107 depressed patients were followed up for a period of about 3 years. Home visits were made, following two successive letters to which only five patients replied. Forty-five patients were interviewed, nine had moved, four refused interviewing, two were dead and the addresses or names of 47 were wrong. Wrong names and addresses, and behind them the illiteracy, change of address and the stigma of mental illness were the major causes of untraceability; the patients are inaccurate in giving their address and they may use one or another of their several names, surnames and nicknames. To make follow-up studies feasible, and as the patients and their relatives are the main sources of information, a more efficient registration system should be developed, with due respect to the characteristics of the population, to ensure having complete and correct names and addresses and to ensure patients' continual contact with the office.
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PMID:Assessment of difficulties encountered in psychiatric follow-up studies. 66 85

The National Council for Mental Health was born out of the coming together of the Society for the Care of the Feebleminded in Cape Town and a society with similar aims in Johannesburg in 1920. The Council's headquarters were in Cape Town until 1926 and were then moved to Johannesburg. The Council's work has always been essentially informative with the aim of enlightening the public on mental health and of urging the Government to provide better facilities. It has encouraged the establishment of local mental health societies in the main centres, and has subsidised them. It has had a great share in removing the stigma attached to mental illness.
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PMID:History of mental health services in South Africa. Part XIII. The National Council for Mental Health. 78 95

Mental and physical illnesses are compared and contrasted and reasons for the stigma attached to seeing a psychiatrist are discussed. Psychiatrists appear to share in the responsibility for perpetuating such a stigma. VIP's and others are sometimes prevented from seeking competent help because of such attitudes, which fit into the systems theory model of mental illness. The validity of the medical model is re-emphasized.
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PMID:The stigma of seeing a psychiatrist. 97 May 8

Although extensive research on the homeless mentally ill population has been conducted, existing studies have failed to answer three important questions: the prevalence of chronic mental illness among homeless persons, whether deinstitutionalization has precipitated increased homelessness in this population, and what kinds of services should be offered. The author suggests that future research will require clearer definition of the terms used in discussing this population and calls for increased federal direction in making policies to respond to their problems, especially the problems of those who are geographically mobile. Successful service planning must address the full array of disabilities experienced by homeless mentally ill persons, including psychiatric symptoms, secondary responses to the experience of illness, and disabilities resulting from stigma and lack of societal opportunity.
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PMID:What we know about homelessness among mentally ill persons: an analytical review and commentary. 158 7

Factors bearing on social stigma in persons with a psychiatric illness are the subject of this review of the literature. The review concentrates on material pertaining to non-Western societies. This is a topic that has not received much systematic attention. The cultural meanings associated with psychiatric illness are examined. Emphasis is given to societies ordinarily studied by anthropologists and social historians of non-Western medicine. Stigma is variable in the more elementary societies. It is present in India and especially China, and studies suggest the social stigma is less prevalent in Islamic societies. It is important to distinguish between how psychiatric illness is handled in community settings as versus in the system and tradition of medicine.
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PMID:Psychiatric stigma in non-Western societies. 177 81

When comparing results from different populations there is an underlying assumption that the response patterns elicited by the instrument used are stabile across the study groups. But it remains an open question whether this assumption is correct or not--especially in the case when the populations are involved to a different degree into the problem which is the object of the investigation. In fact, we are able to show that the dimensional structure of an instrument developed for the evaluation of stigma psychiatric patients are exposed to, varies depending on the degree of personal involvement with psychiatric disorder. This leads us to the conclusion that a quantitative comparison of parameters appears not warranted as long as the dimensional stability of the instrument over the various populations has not been shown.
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PMID:[Variation of response structures in relation to degree of personal involvement--a methodologic study exemplified by the "Discrimination Devaluation Scale"]. 192 71

The portrayal of mentally ill persons in movies and television programs has an important and underestimated influence on public perceptions of their condition and care. Movie stereotypes that contribute to the stigmatization of mentally ill persons include the mental patient as rebellious free spirit, homicidal maniac, seductress, enlightened member of society, narcissistic parasite, and zoo specimen. The authors suggest that mental health professionals can fight this source of stigma by increasing their collaboration with patient advocacy groups in monitoring negative portrayals of mentally ill people, using public information campaigns such as Mental Illness Awareness Week to call attention to the process of stigmatization, and supporting accurate dramatic and documentary depictions of mental illness.
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PMID:Homicidal maniacs and narcissistic parasites: stigmatization of mentally ill persons in the movies. 155 29

This report continues a review of literature pertaining to psychiatric stigma in Western societies. It concentrates on the early modern and modern periods. The general role played by the medical profession in these two periods with respect to those suffering from psychiatric illness is emphasized. In the initial phase, its largely scientific academic perspective was prominent, and the church's influence continued but became less important. In general, it was during these two periods that the state became increasingly influential in policies involving the institutionalization of marginal populations, including the mad and insane. Many "revisionist" historians have criticized the role played by the emerging psychiatric profession in this whole process and these writings are reviewed. Overall, a complex assortment of factors are seen to contribute to an accentuation of psychiatric stigma that had its roots in the classical and medieval periods.
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PMID:The culture and history of psychiatric stigma in early modern and modern Western societies: a review of recent literature. 202 19

The family consumer movement arose as a response to deinstitutionalization and the removal of stigma from parents of mental health clients. In many states the families are a dynamic force in mental health policymaking. If mental health professionals are to collaborate in support and advocacy programs, they should be aware of the origins and goals of the movement. Through their national organization (AMI), families advocate a biological view of mental illness causation and increased power for the mental health system. If the system is unable to meet parent expectations, it is likely that families will place themselves in competition with existing agencies for available resources.
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PMID:Family advocacy and the mental health system: the recent rise of the alliance for the mentally ill. 207 24


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