Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0276640 (TEM)
 20,729 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A novel TEM-derived plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase, resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid, has been identified in a clinical strain of Escherichia coli found in Scotland. The beta-lactamase gene was carried on an 81-kb plasmid that conferred no other resistances. The novel enzyme conferred resistance to the amoxycillin/clavulanic acid combination on the host bacterium. The beta-lactamase has a pI of 5.25 and lies between the PSE-4 and SAR-1 beta-lactamases on an isoelectric focusing gel. This beta-lactamase has a Mr value of 25,000, similar to the TEM-1 enzyme and a comparable substrate profile. Its most significant difference is that it is inhibited by clavulanic acid 100-fold less efficiently than the TEM-1 enzyme. The enzyme was confirmed to be derived from the TEM enzymes by probing the plasmid DNA with an intragenic gene probe for TEM-1. This is the first report of a clinical bacterium carrying a TEM-enzyme that confers resistance to clavulanic acid combinations and we have designated the beta-lactamase as TRC-1.
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PMID:TRC-1: emergence of a clavulanic acid-resistant TEM beta-lactamase in a clinical strain. 131 62

The in vitro activity of S-1006, the active component of a new orally absorbed cephalosporin, S-1108, inhibited 90% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, 90% of group A, B, C, F, and G streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml, and all Haemophilus influenzae isolates at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml. Although 50% of the members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by less than or equal to 2 micrograms of S-1006 per ml, Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter freundii resistant to ceftriaxone were resistant to S-1006. The MICs of S-1006 for approximately 20% of Providencia, Proteus vulgaris, and Serratia isolates were 4 micrograms/ml. S-1006 was hydrolyzed by the plasmid TEM-3, TEM-5, PSE-1, and PSE-4 beta-lactamases and by the chromosomal beta-lactamase of Enterobacter and Morganella spp. and P. vulgaris.
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PMID:In vitro activity and susceptibility to hydrolysis of S-1006. 141 35

The in vitro activity of LJC 10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. LJC 10,627 inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Morganella morganii, Proteus rettgeri, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas cepacia, salmonellae, shigellae, aeromonas, and yersiniae at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. Haemophilus influenzae was inhibited by 0.5 microgram/ml, and moraxellae were inhibited by 0.12 microgram/ml. LJC 10,627 was twofold more active than imipenem against aerobic gram-negative organisms and inhibited ceftazidime-, cefotaxime-, and gentamicin-resistant members of the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. Xanthomonas maltophilia strains were resistant to the drug. Imipenem was two- to fourfold more active than LJC 10,627 against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. LJC 10,627 did not inhibit most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. LJC 10,627 inhibited Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.06 and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively. Bacteroides fragilis and other Bacteroides spp. were inhibited by 0.5 microgram of LJC 10,627 per ml. Serum (50%) did not affect the MICs. LJC 10,627 was not hydrolyzed by plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases of Bush types 2b, 2b', TEM-1, TEM-2, TEM-3, TEM-5, TEM-7, TEM-9, and SHV-1; the chromosomal beta-lactamases of Bush type 1; P-99; a Morganella enzyme; or a Citrobacter freundii enzyme. The Bush type 2c and 2d enzymes OXA-1, OXA-2, PSE-1, PSE-2, and PSE-4 did not hydrolyze LJC 10,627, nor did the beta-lactamases of Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Proteus vulgaris. The beta-lactamase of Xanthomonas hydrolyzed LJC 10,627, albeit at approximately one-third the rate that imipenem was hydrolyzed.
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PMID:In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of LJC 10,627. 151 Apr 36

Susceptibilities to cefotaxime (Ctx) and ceftazidime (Caz) were examined for 90 recent clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae from Greek hospitals. Most (68%) of the isolates were resistant to both drugs, and all were resistant to cefoxitin. beta-Lactamase activities against cephaloridine in crude extracts from Ctx-Caz-resistant isolates were high, irrespective of whether or not the cells were grown with cefoxitin as an inducer of the chromosomal beta-lactamase, indicating stable derepression of the gene for the enzyme. On the other hand, double disk antagonism tests showed that all the Ctx-Caz-sensitive isolates possessed inducible expression of this beta-lactamase. Iso-electric focusing revealed the presence of five forms of the chromosomal beta-lactamase, randomly distributed amongst the Ctx-Caz-resistant and -sensitive isolates. Plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases of TEM and PSE types also were found in many isolates. These data indicate that the extremely high prevalence of Ctx-Caz-resistant E. cloacae isolates in Greek hospitals is attributed to the dissemination of mutants which constitutively overproduce the class-I chromosomal beta-lactamase. Over 90% of these isolates exhibited cross-resistance to aminoglycosides, suggesting the accumulation of unrelated antibiotic resistance mechanisms.
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PMID:High prevalence of stably derepressed class-I beta-lactamase expression in multiresistant clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae from Greek hospitals. 162 3

Piperacillin (PIP) alone and combined with 4 mg/l, 8 mg/l of tazobactam (TAZ) were tested by MIC determination on Mueller-Hinton agar against 224 clinical strains of P. aeruginosa: "wild type" (BLA-), 32 producing a constitutive cephalosporinase (CEP), 41 producing the PSE-1 type beta-lactamase, 7 PSE-2, 8 PSE-3, 9 PSE-4, 13 TEM-1, 24 TEM-2, 13 OXA-1, 22 OXA-2, 5 OXA-3. The combination with 8 mg/l was more effective than that one with 4 mg/l. Combinations of PIP-TAZ 8 mg/l reduced the MICs of PIP for the resistant strains (MICs greater than 64 mg/l) to the susceptible ot the moderately susceptible range (MICs less than or equal to 64 mg/l) for 31% of the CEP producing strains, 63% of the PSE-1, 15% of the PSE-2, none of the PSE-3, 34% of the PSE-4, 39% of the TEM-1, 30% of the TEM-2, 23% of the OXA-1, 14% of the OXA-2, 27% of the OXA-3, TAZ is the first beta-lactamase inhibitor effective against the constitutive cephalosporinase of P. aeruginosa; it is also very effective against the most frequently found PSE-1 beta-lactamase in P. aeruginosa.
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PMID:[In vitro activity of tazobactam and piperacillin combination against 224 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa according to the production of beta-lactamase]. 165 26

We examined the in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility of 760 gastroenteric salmonellae and 36 strains of Salmonella typhi isolated in Hong Kong between 1985 and 1988. S. typhi remained susceptible to all the antibiotics tested except for one isolate resistant to chloramphenicol, another to kanamycin and co-trimoxazole, and a third to nalidixic acid. In contrast, resistance and multiple resistance has increased significantly in gastroenteric salmonellae over the last ten years. Seventeen percent were resistant to ampicillin, 61% to tetracycline, 23% to chloramphenicol and 8% to gentamicin. Many ampicillin-resistant strains remained resistant to ampicillin even in the presence of sulbactam (69%) or clavulanic acid (25%). More than 50% of isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics and one isolate was resistant to eleven. Ampicillin-resistance was usually due to the production of TEM-1 or OXA-1 beta-lactamases but a few isolates produced AER-1, PSE-1 or PSE-2. Genetic determinants for these enzymes were usually borne on plasmids ranging in size from 2 to 143.7 Md but half of the OXA-1 genes were chromosomally located.
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PMID:Antimicrobial susceptibilities and beta-lactamase production of Hong Kong isolates of gastroenteric salmonellae and Salmonella typhi. 808 54

OCP 9-176 is an oxycephem antibiotic that contains a 2-aminothiazolyl, carboxypropyl side chain at C-7 and a pyridinium thiomethyl group at C-3. OCP 9-176 was generally twofold less active than its sulfur-containing analog ME 1228 against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Providencia stuartii, Proteus vulgaris, and Serratia marcescens. Activity against Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii was equivalent. OCP 9-176 was twofold less active than ME-1228 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Activity of the two agents was similar against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Although OCP 9-176 inhibited E. coli containing TEM-1 and TEM-2, it was less active than ME-1228. Klebsiella organisms with SHV-1 and K-2 beta-lactamases were inhibited, but TEM-3-containing isolates had MICs of 16 micrograms/ml. OCP 9-176 was minimally hydrolyzed by TEM-1, PSE-1, K-1, and P99, and it was a poor inhibitor of P99. Replacement of sulfur with oxygen does not increase the activity of compounds with sulfopyridinium methyl groups at C-3.
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PMID:In vitro activity of an oxycephem OCP 9-176 compared with its sulfur analog and other beta-lactams. 187 72

Intragenic DNA probes were synthesized by polymerase chain reaction using fragments of the genes of three major types of beta-lactamases (TEM, SHV, CARB) as templates. The TEM probe hybridized with the genes encoding TEM-1, TEM-2 and six extended-spectrum related enzymes (TEM-3 to TEM-7, TEM-2O) in colony hybridizations and Southern-blot analysis. The SHV probe hybridized with the genes for SHV-1, OHIO-1 and four derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (SHV-2, SHV-3, SHV-4 and SHV-5). The CARB probe hybridized with the genes for PSE-1 (CARB-2), PSE-4 (CARB-1), CARB-3 and CARB-4. None of the probes hybridized with genes for any of eight oxacillin-hydrolysing enzymes, PSE-2, OXA-1 to OXA-7, ROB-1 and chromosomal beta-lactamases of various Enterobacteriaceae (except Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Investigations of Escherichia coli clinical isolates using these probes indicate the presence of a novel type of extended-spectrum, transferable beta-lactamase.
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PMID:Construction by polymerase chain reaction and use of intragenic DNA probes for three main types of transferable beta-lactamases (TEM, SHV, CARB) [corrected]. 193 34

A fragment of Tn1331 including tnpR, aac, aadA, and a bla gene which encodes lower levels of resistance to ampicillin and carbenicillin as compared to those mediated by the TEM beta-lactamase was sequenced. The polypeptide encoded by the bla gene has homology with the OXA-1, PSE-2, and OXA-2 proteins. Genes aac and bla are upstream and downstream respectively of aadA, and are both flanked by recombinational hot spots. Tn1331 has 520-bp direct repeats which include parts of the tnpR and TEM bla genes. Evolutionary models for the genesis of Tn1331 are proposed.
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PMID:Sequencing and expression of aadA, bla, and tnpR from the multiresistance transposon Tn1331. 196 48

HRE 664, a new penem antibiotic, inhibited 90% of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella, Shigella, Providencia, Aeromonas, and Morganella at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml but was considerably less active than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and imipenem. It did not inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC greater than 128 micrograms/ml). HRE 664 inhibited Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter freundii, and Serratia marcescens at 1-8 micrograms/ml, two- to fourfold higher MICs than imipenem. HRE 664 inhibited methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, but methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis were resistant. Group A, C, and G streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae were inhibited by 0.06 micrograms/ml. Bacteroides and Clostridium species were inhibited by 0.25 micrograms/ml comparable to imipenem. HRE 664 was not hydrolyzed by beta-lactamases TEM-1, TEM-2, TEM-3, TEM-5, SHV-1, PSE-1, PSE-4, OXA-2, OXA-3, K-1, P99, Morganella, P. vulgaris, and S. aureus PC-1 but was hydrolyzed by the beta-lactamase of Xanthomonas maltophilia.
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PMID:In vitro activity of HRE 664, a penem antibiotic. 227 81


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