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 20,729 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Visible-light-responsive layered titanium dioxide/tin indium oxide (TiO2/ITO) catalysts prepared on unheated glass slides by DC magnetron sputtering were investigated in this study. Transmittance spectra of the catalyst revealed that an interference pattern gradually appeared at wavelengths of 550-650 nm which indicated a strong light absorption up to this region. The red-shift may be ascribed to the difference in both compositions and phase structures of the layered catalyst. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibited a strong columnar growth morphology with highly faceted grains and a distinct (211) texture. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) measurements also confirmed the crystalline nature of the layered catalyst. The SIMS elemental depth profiles showed that tin atoms permeated into the overlaid TiO2 film. This could be resulted from the diffusion of tin from the intercalated ITO thin film during the TiO2 deposition. It suggested that the tin atoms played an important role on the microstructure formation and on the catalytic property of the layered catalyst. This was also confirmed by the cross-sectional TEM images where a layer of crystalline anatase TiO2 grown epitaxially above the intercalated ITO thin film was observed. In addition, a better crystalline TiO2 film with larger grains of 120-180 nm and a higher specific surface area of 1.55 was obtained on successively coated ITO substrate. The layered catalysts showed significant photocatalytic activity on methylene blue (MB) degradation illuminated by ultra-violet (UV 365 nm) and visible light (420 < lambda < 620 nm) sources. A preliminary study on water splitting for hydrogen production showed that a noticeable amount of hydrogen was generated at Pt cathode by employing electrical potential (approximately 0.5 V) and UV-light and visible (lambda > 420 nm) sources via a TiO2/ITO anode.
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PMID:Visible-light-responsive layered titanium oxide/tin indium oxide catalysts for hydrogen production. 1950 65

In an effort to understand the disposition and toxicokinetics of nanoscale materials, we used EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) to detect and map the distribution of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in tissue sections from mice following either subcutaneous (s.c.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection. TiO2 nanoparticles were administered at a dose of 560 mg/kg (i.v.) or 5600 mg/kg (s.c.) to Balb/c female mice on two consecutive days. Tissues (liver, kidney, lung, heart, spleen, and brain) were examined by light microscopy, TEM (transmission electron microscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and EDS following necropsy one day after treatment. Particle agglomerates were detected by light microscopy in all tissues examined, EDS microanalysis was used to confirm that these tissues contained elemental titanium and oxygen. The TEM micrographs and EDS spectra of the aggregates were compared with in vitro measurements of TiO2 nanoparticle injection solution (i.e., in water). The nanoparticles were also characterized using dynamic light scattering in water, 10 mM NaCl, and phosphate buffered saline (PBS). In low ionic strength solvents (water and 10 mM NaCl), the TiO2 particles had average hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 114-122 nm. In PBS, however, the average diameter increases to 1-2 microm, likely due to aggregation analogous to that observed in tissue by TEM and EDS. This investigation demonstrates the suitability of energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for detection of nanoparticle aggregates in tissues and shows that disposition of TiO2 nanoparticles depends on the route of administration (i.v. or s.c.).
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PMID:Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of titanium dioxide nanoparticle distribution after intravenous and subcutaneous injection in mice. 1962 82

Using a combination of TEM and XPS, we made an analysis of the complex high-temperature annealing effect on ultrathin titanium deuteride (TiD(y)) films evaporated on a Si(100) substrate and covered by an ultrathin palladium layer. Both the preparation and annealing of the TiD(y)/Pd bi-layer films were performed in situ under UHV conditions. It was found that the surface and bulk morphology of the bi-layer film as well as that of the Si substrate material undergo a microstructural and chemical conversion after annealing and annealing-induced deuterium evolution from the TiD(y) phase. Energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) mapping of cross-section images and argon ion sputter depth profiling XPS analysis revealed both a broad intermixing between the Ti and Pd layers and an extensive inter-diffusion of Si from the substrate into the film bulk area. Segregation of Ti at the Pd top layer surface was found to occur by means of angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS) and the EFTEM analyses. Selected area diffraction (SAD) and XPS provided evidence for the formation of a new PdTi(2) bimetallic phase within the top region of the annealed film. Moreover, these techniques allowed to detect the initial stages of TiSi phase formation within the film-substrate interlayer.
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PMID:Vacuum annealing phenomena in ultrathin TiDy/Pd bi-layer films evaporated on Si(100) as studied by TEM and XPS. 1977 15

We demonstrate injection seeding of a pulsed, laser-pumped, titanium-doped-sapphire ring laser by both continuous-wave dye and diode lasers. As little as 100 microW of seed light is required to produce 4 mJ of 30-nsec TEM(00) output having a bandwidth of less than 25 MHz FWHM. Using an atomic resonance filter we find that more than 99.9% of the energy is at the 780-nm seed wavelength. We discuss the spatial and longitudinal mode-matching requirements for successful seeding.
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PMID:Injection-seeded titanium-doped-sapphire laser. 1977 28

Broadly tunable and high-power operation of a titanium-doped sapphire laser is obtained with a diode-laser-pumped frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser as the pump source. A maximum broadband (FWHM = 25 nm) output pulse energy of 720 microJ at 795 nm in a TEM(00) mode is obtained for 1850 microJ of energy of 532-nm pump light. A minimum pulse duration of 7 ns is obtained from a 40-mm-long cavity. With the use of an intracavity prism, the Ti:sapphire laser is tunable continuously over the 696-1000-nm spectral range (with three different mirror sets).
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PMID:Broadly tunable high-power operation of an all-solid-state titanium-doped sapphire laser system. 1977 46

Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (QDs) sensitized mesoporous TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by preplanting cadmium oxide as crystal seeds into the framework of ordered mesoporous titanium dioxide and then converting CdO to CdS QDs through ion-exchange. The presence of CdS QDs in the TiO2 framework extended its photoresponse to the visible-light region by accelerating the photogenerated electron transfer from the inorganic sensitizer to TiO2. The new photocatalyst showed excellent photocatalytic efficiency for both oxidation of NO gas in air and degradation of organic compounds in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The photocatalysts were characterized byX RD, N2 adsorption-desorption, TEM, XPS, UV/vis, and PL spectroscopy. The relationship between the physicochemical properties and the photocatalytic performance of the sample is discussed.
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PMID:A new visible-light photocatalyst: CdS quantum dots embedded mesoporous TiO2. 1980 45

In the present paper, ordered mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as support, nanosized TiO2 into KIT-6 was synthesized by titanium tetraisopropoxide hydrolysis. Then silver was loaded by deposition-precipitation method. Ag-TiO2/KIT-6 composite nanosized photocatalyst was firstly synthesized and a series of correlated catalysts were synthesized by the same preparation method. Methyl orange is presently adopted as a representative organic pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the as-synthesized catalysts. The order of photocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized samples was found as Ag-TiO2/KIT-6 > Ag/TiO2 > TiO2/KIT-6 > TiO2 > Ag/KIT-6. Detailed characterizations were conducted by techniques including XRD, N2 physical adsorption, XPS, UV-Vis DRS and TEM. It was found that the Ag-TiO2 /KIT-6 sample shows the highest photocatalytic activity, which should be attributed to the Ag-TiO2 heterojunction structure and higher BET surface area of the Ag-TiO2/KIT-6 sample. Ag-TiO2 heterojunction improves the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, thus enhancing the photocatalytic activity; Ag-TiO2/KIT-6 sample possesses high BET surface area, which facilitates adsorption and transportation of dye molecules, also leading to higher photocatalytic activity.
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PMID:[Studies on Ag-TiO2/KIT-6 composite nanosized photocatalyst]. 1983 31

F-Si-co-modified TiO(2) (FST) samples with different ratios of fluorine to titanium (R(F)) and silica to titanium (R(x)), were successfully synthesized by ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis. The structure and properties of the as-prepared codoped titania were characterized by means of XRD, TEM, XPS, BET, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and ESR. XRD analysis showed that Si and F atoms prevented phase transition of anatase to rutile and suppressed the growth of titania crystalline. ESR results showed that the concentration of the active species (.OH) on 1%-FST(R(x)=10%) was higher than that on other FST samples and P25 titania. The improvement in photocatalytic activity relative to titania can be achieved by co-modifying fluorine and silica to fabricate FST composite material. The photocatalytic activity of FST powders for decomposition of methyl orange was affected by the content of fluorine and the content of silica. When the ratios of R(F) and R(x) were 1 and 10%, respectively, 1%-FST(R(x)=10%) shows the best among photocatalytic activity, which is much superior to P25 under UV-Vis irradiation. The possible reasons for the high photocatalytic activity of the FST powders were proposed in the paper. In addition, the stability of the FST powders in photocatalytic process was confirmed based on the XPS analysis.
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PMID:Enhanced photocatalytic activity for titanium dioxide by co-modifying with silica and fluorine. 1986 60

This paper describes the fabrication of two different 3D mesoporous TiO2 microspheres via one-step solvothermal process without templates using different titanium sources. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, and nitrogen adsorption techniques. Their photodegradation of bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, BPA] in aqueous suspension was investigated under UV irradiation. The experimental results revealed that the photocatalytic effect of the two 3D mesoporous TiO2 microspheres was superior to the commercial P25 TiO2, and as-prepared samples as catalysts demonstrated that the smaller pore size it is, the higher the effective degradation for BPA is. Particular attention was paid to the identification of intermediates and analysis of photocatalytic degradation mechanism of BPA by HPLC-MS and HPLC-MS-MS. Five main intermediates were formed during photocatalytic degradation, and their evolution was discussed. On the basis of the evidence of oxidative intermediate formation, a detailed degradation pathway of BPA degradation by two mesoporous TiO2 microspheres photocatalysts are proposed.
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PMID:Directed synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 microspheres: catalysts and their photocatalysis for bisphenol A degradation. 1992 97

Aqueous well-dispersed and phase-pure anatase TiO(2) truncated octahedron nanoplatelets (NPLs) were prepared via controlled hydrolysis of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl(4)) in ethylene glycol at 240 degrees C. Two shapes, square and hexagon, were observed by microscopy, exactly corresponding to the truncated octahedron NPLs. Ethylene glycol was found to produce water in situ that reacts with TiCl(4) to produce TiO(2) and HCl-the latter promoting TiO(2) colloid peptization. TiO(2) truncated octahedron NPLs are formed under the stabilizing action of ethylene glycol thermolysis derivatives, such as aldehydes. Crystal growth of the TiO(2) NPLs was affected by the reaction temperature that determines the water production rate and HCl-assisted peptization. TGA and FT-IR results showed approximately 1.2% ethylene glycol thermolysis derivatives are attached to the surface of the TiO(2) NPLs, which prevents their agglomeration, hence making them easily dispersible in aqueous media. HR-TEM and SAED results showed that the TiO(2) NPLs are well crystallized and that the SAED patterns of the single TiO(2) NPL changes with its size and shape. XRD patterns showed that the TiO(2) NPLs are phase-pure anatase and the percentage of the [101] plane in the TiO(2) NPLs to be only 18%-a structural feature that renders the TiO(2) NPLs with enhanced UV absorption and reactivity properties.
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PMID:The synthesis of aqueous-dispersible anatase TiO2 nanoplatelets. 1995 13


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