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 20,729 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The Meissner corpuscle is a rapidly-adapting mechanoreceptor in the dermal papillae of digital skin. For an analysis of how the sensory endings detect tissue deformations, an examination of their fine structure and relationships with dermal collagen was carried out in the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata, using a combination of three methods: SEM of cell architecture denuded by 6N sodium hydroxide maceration, SEM of collagen networks exposed by a mild alkaline corrosion, and TEM according to a conventional procedure. Observations showed the sensory corpuscles to be represented by a stack of discoid components consisting of flattened axon terminals sandwiched between Schwann cell lamellae, as reported previously. Each corpuscle was entirely covered by a connective tissue capsule, which was linked with the basal aspect of the epidermis by dermal collagen fibers. Margins of the discoid components of the corpuscles were serrated with numerous fine projections of lamellar Schwann cells, which tightly held collagen trabeculae on the inner aspect of the pericorpuscular capsule. Central portions of the discoids, on the other hand, displayed extremely smooth surfaces, which were covered by a thick layer of basal lamina-like matrix. The former portions of the discoids appear susceptible to mechanical deformations of surrounding tissues, while the latter may follow the tissue movements rather slowly because of their indirect linkage with the dermal collagen network. The resulting distortions of the axon endings during dynamic phases of the tissue deformations will be in favor of the generation of rapidly adapting receptor potentials in the sensory corpuscle.
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PMID:The three-dimensional microanatomy of Meissner corpuscles in monkey palmar skin. 1472 79

Gate oxynitride structures of TFT-LCDs were investigated by SIMS, and successful solutions are demonstrated to overcome difficulties arising due to the charging effects of the multilayer systems, the matrix effect of the method, and the small pattern sizes of the samples. Because of the excellent reproducibility achieved by applying exponential relative sensitivity functions for quantitative analysis, minor differences in the barrier gate-oxynitride composition deposited on molybdenum capped aluminium-neodymium metallisation electrodes were determined between the centre and the edge of the TFT-LCD substrates. No differences were found for molybdenum-tungsten metallisations. Furthermore, at the edge of the glass substrates, aluminium, neodymium, and molybdenum SIMS depth profiles show an exponential trend. With TEM micrographs an inhomogeneous thickness of the molybdenum capping is revealed as the source of this effect, which influences the electrical behaviour of the device. The production process was improved after these results and the aging behaviour of TFT-LCDs was investigated in order to explain the change in control voltage occurring during the lifetime of the displays. SIMS and TEM show an enrichment of neodymium at the interface to the molybdenum layer, confirming good diffusion protection of the molybdenum barrier during accelerated aging. The reason for the shift of the control voltage was finally located by semi-quantitative depth profiling of the sodium diffusion originating from the glass substrate. Molybdenum-tungsten was a much better buffer for the highly-mobile charge carriers than aluminium-neodymium. Best results were achieved with PVD silicon oxynitride as diffusion barrier and gate insulator deposited on aluminium-neodymium metallisation layers.
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PMID:Quantitative SIMS depth profiling of diffusion barrier gate-oxynitride structures in TFT-LCDs. 1474 95

A time-resolved study of the formation of AuAg alloy nanoparticles during boiling of AgNO3 and HAuCl4 in the presence of sodium citrate has been performed by monitoring the UV-visible spectra of the solutions. This study reveals clear differences with respect to the formation of pure Au particles, and suggests that gold and silver nanoparticles nucleate separately, but lattice rearrangement eventually leads to formation of alloy nanoparticles with the expected composition, which was confirmed by high resolution TEM. Additionally, we studied the chemical reaction of the alloy nanoparticles with NH4OH, observing that part of the Ag atoms get oxidized, but reorganization of the crystal lattice during the reaction prevents full transformation into pure gold nanoparticles. This allows the synthesis of silica-coated bimetallic particles with tailored plasmon resonance between ca. 430 and 520 nm, as well as homogeneous incorporation of the coated alloy nanoparticles within silica gels.
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PMID:AuAg bimetallic nanoparticles: formation, silica-coating and selective etching. 1475 Jun 68

The object of this study was to compare the extent of decellularization at each critical step of processing porcine skin to produce an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for biomedical applications. The results demonstrated that the removal of epidermis using treatment with 0.25% trypsin for 18 h and 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for 12 h at room temperature was beneficial for the subsequent treatment to remove cells in the dermal structure. Lengthy incubation in 0.25% trypsin (12 h) and then 560 units/l Dispase (12 h) at 25 degrees C of small pieces of porcine skin from which the epidermis had been removed efficiently removed cells and cellular components from the skin. Histological examinations revealed that the epidermis, dermal fibroblasts, and epidermal appendages were completely removed by these treatments, and the basic dermal architecture of collagen bundles was that of a loose meshwork. Examinations by TEM showed that the characteristics of collagen fibers in the ADM were retained after complete removal of cells present under optimal conditions defined in this study. SDS-PAGE and size-exclusion HPLC revealed that collagen fibers in the ADM were mostly type I and showed two typical component peaks identified as oligomers and monomers, respectively.
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PMID:Process development of an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) for biomedical applications. 1475 54

Spherical silver and gold nanoparticles with narrow size distributions were conveniently synthesized in aqueous solution by a novel electrochemical method. The technological keys to the electrochemical synthesis of monodispersed metallic nanoparticles lie in the choice of an ideal stabilizer for the metallic nanoclusters and the use of a rotating platinum cathode. Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) was chosen as the stabilizer for the silver and gold clusters. PVP not only protects metallic particles from agglomeration, but also promotes metal nucleation, which tends to produce small metal particles. Using a rotating platinum cathode effectively solves the technological difficulty of rapidly transferring the (electrochemically synthesized) metallic nanoparticles from the cathode vicinity to the bulk solution, avoiding the occurrence of flocculates in the vicinity of the cathode, and ensuring the monodispersity of the particles. The particle size and particle size distribution of the silver and gold nanoparticles were improved by adding sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to the electrolyte. The electrochemically synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and UV/Vis spectroscopy.
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PMID:Synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles by a novel electrochemical method. 1499 45

An in situ vesicle-template-interface reaction route was introduced to prepare self-encapsulated CdS microspheres, which can be obtained by heating an ethanol solution after ultrasonic irradiation in the presence of Cd(NO3)2, CS2, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The products were characterized by various techniques of XRD, TEM, UV-Vis spectrum, and PL spectrum.
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PMID:In situ vesicle-template-interface reaction to self-encapsulated microsphere CdS. 1505 45

The phenomenon of two dilute aqueous phases composed of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was investigated under various conditions such as concentrations and molar ratios of the two surfactants, the addition of sodium chloride and temperature. Vesicles formation was found in the both phases by TEM image.
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PMID:Study on aqueous two-phase systems of the mixture SDS/CTAB surfactants. 1513 55

A facile solution-phase process has been demonstrated for the selective preparation of single-crystalline bismuth nanowires and nanospheres by reducing sodium bismuthate with ethylene glycol in the presence of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) or acetone. Bismuth nanobelts and Bi/Bi(2)O(3) nanocables could be also obtained by changing some reaction parameters. Various techniques such as XRD, EDXA, SEM, TEM, HRTEM, and FT-IR have been used to investigate the physical characteristics of these low-dimensional bismuth nanostructures.
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PMID:Synthesis and characterization of bismuth single-crystalline nanowires and nanospheres. 1553 Jan 7

Positively-charged monolayer protected gold clusters (MMPCs) were mixed with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). At lower SDS concentration, the initially water-soluble particles became organic-soluble while remaining discrete. Upon further addition of SDS, the particles aggregate and become water-soluble. NaCN decomposition, TEM, and DLS characterization reveal the morphology and properties of these encapsulated assemblies.
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PMID:Surfactant layering on mixed monolayer-protected gold clusters. 1555 40

To classify and understand the mechanisms of surface damages and fracture mechanisms of sternal wires, explanted stainless steel sternal wires were collected from patients with sternal dehiscence following open-heart surgery. Surface alterations and fractured ends of sternal wires were examined and analyzed. Eighty fractured wires extracted from 25 patients from January 1999 to December 2003, with mean implantation interval of 55+/-149 days (range 5-729 days) after cardiac surgery, were studied by various techniques. The extracted wires were cleaned and the fibrotic tissues were removed. Irregularities and fractured ends were assayed by a scanning electron microscopy. After stereomicroscopy and documentation, the explants were cleaned with 1% sodium hypochlorite to remove the blood and tissues and was followed by cleaned with deionized water and alcohol. The explants were examined by stereomicroscopy, and irregularities on surface and fracture surfaces of sternal wires were assayed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and X-ray mapping. The explants with surrounding fibrotic tissue were stained and examined with stereomicroscopy and transmission electronic microscopy. Corrosion pits were found on the surface of explanted sternal wires. EDAX and X-ray mapping examinations revealed diminution of nickel concentration in the severely corroded pits on sternal wires. A feature of transgranular cracking was observed for stress corrosion cracking and striation character for typical corrosion fatigue was also identified. TEM examination of tissue showed the metallic particles in phagolysosomes of macrophages inside the surrounding sternal tissue. The synergic effect of hostile environment and the stress could be the precursors of failures for sternal wires.
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PMID:Failure analysis of explanted sternal wires. 1557 79


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