Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0272170 (SDS)
 50,377 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIb) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children with a mortality rate ranging from 1.6% to 14%. Most patients have a 2-3 day history of symptoms prior to admission. A few have fulminating disease with rapid neurological deterioration. Review of 191 cases of HIb meningitis revealed a mortality rate of 2.1% but all who died had fulminating meningitis (FM). Four of six patients with FM died. FM patients had symptoms for less than 24 hours before rapid neurological deterioration with increased ICP, seizures, coma and/or respiratory arrest. Review of 10 FM cases revealed that on admission, 5 had hypotension, 3 had thrombocytopenia, and 8 had coma. Typical CSF changes were seen in only 7. All fatal cases died within 24 hours. Brain swelling and tonsillar herniation were found at autopsy. SDS-PAGE outer membrane protein subtyping did not show one "killer strain". Animal and autopsy data suggest that diminished CSF outflow and cerebral edema contribute to increased ICP. To improve survival of FM patients, initial treatment must (1) decrease ICP below levels impairing cerebral perfusion, (2) maintain adequate ventilation and blood pressure, and include (3) LP when stable, (4) antibiotics, and (5) close monitoring. Utilizing these principles, two FM patients survived without major sequelae.
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PMID:Fulminating haemophilus influenzae b meningitis. 670 99

A micromethod to detect oligoclonal IgG from 50 microL of unconcentrated CSF was developed by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). Of 17 patients with multiple sclerosis, oligoclonal bands were demonstrated in 16 instances (94%) by micro-SDS-PAGE and in 13 (76%) by agarose gel electrophoresis. The corresponding figures among 30 patients with optic neuritis were 16 (54%) and five (17%), respectively, and among ten patients with other neurological disease the figures were two (20%) and none, respectively. Thus, micro-SDS-PAGE is more sensitive than agarose gel electrophoresis for detection of oligoclonal IgG. The small volume of unconcentrated CSF that is required enhances the usefulness of this test.
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PMID:Micromethod for detection of oligoclonal IgG in unconcentrated CSF by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 724 65

The chelating agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) has been conjugated site-specifically to the N-terminus of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) by reaction with DTPA dianhydride at an initial pH of 6.0, thus demonstrating broader application of the conjugation method previously described for the structurally related cytokine rhG-CSF (Ralph et al., 1995). Purity of the DTPA-rhIL-2 conjugate, isolated by cation-exchange FPLC, and chelation of 111In were revealed by cation-exchange HPLC. Purity of the conjugate as well as chelation of radiometal were also demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and TLC, respectively. The stoichiometric molar ratio of DTPA to protein for the conjugate was approximately 1:1 as determined by TLC and mass spectrometry. Localization of the DTPA moiety was resolved by a peptide mapping procedure. The protein retained > 95% secondary structure (alpha helicity) following the conjugation. Addition of metal induced an approximate 22% loss of secondary structure for the conjugate. The in vitro biological activity of the protein was unaffected by the conjugated DTPA, even with chelated metal. Pharmacokinetic analysis of DTPA-conjugated cytokines, following chelated 111In, showed clearance and pharmacokinetic parameter values comparable to those of the corresponding unmodified cytokine. DTPA-conjugated cytokines may prove useful in cytokine research, and furthermore may represent a novel class of molecules for imaging, diagnosing, and/or treatment of malignancies where the cytokine receptor is overexpressed.
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PMID:A method for preparing chelate-cytokine conjugates with retention of protein structure, biological activity, and pharmacokinetic properties. 749 Apr 51

Degradation of purified myelin basic protein (MBP) was studied by SDS gel electrophoresis after addition of CSF samples obtained from HIV-1-infected patients. An increase in MBP degradation was detected in patients with neurological complications, such as AIDS dementia complex (ADC) or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), when compared with patients with no neurological symptoms (NA) or with other neurological opportunistic infections (OI). In the ADC and PML patients, in addition to CSF proteolytic activity, an increase in CSF-MBP levels and presence of white matter lesions were also observed by neuroimaging (MRI). In other opportunistic infections of the brain, MBP levels but not anti-MBP proteolytic activity increased. Results suggest the involvement of proteases in the virus-induced demyelination.
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PMID:Myelin degrading activity in the CSF of HIV-1-infected patients with neurological diseases. 753 76

A method for the determination of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (hG-CSF) activity, based on stimulation of cellular proliferation, was developed using a subclone of the murine myeloid leukemia cell line NFS-60, with an improved sensitivity for hG-CSF, as indicator. The optimal range for quantitative analysis of hG-CSF was about 4-60 pg ml-1. The stimulatory effect was measured by a colorimetric microassay: the optical density of formazan, which is produced by viable cells from 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), was obtained by reading plates in a multi-channel photometer. The assay was designed as a five-dose parallel line test, employing three or four doses for potency determinations, which fulfil pharmacopoeial requirements for assay validity. Inter-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) varied between 5.2 and 12.0%. Most assay experiments revealed potencies within limits of error of 90-110% and the mean index of precision value was 0.057. The recently developed yeast cell-derived International Standard (88/502) served as a reference for activity of rhG-CSF. Specificity of the assay was demonstrated by absence of response upon exposure to a panel of biomolecules, including recombinant human interleukin-3, and by the suppression of growth stimulation in the presence of neutralizing anti hG-CSF antibodies. Potency readings of unglycosylated rhG-CSF were dependent on pH of assay medium with higher relative activities observed at pH 6.6 than at 7.4. Moreover, SDS-PAGE analysis of the carbohydrate-deficient preparation, following incubation at physiological pH, revealed several high molecular weight rhG-CSF bands and decreased monomeric form. The method described was found suitable for potency assessments of pharmaceutical formulations of hG-CSF.
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PMID:In vitro bioassay with enhanced sensitivity for human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 753 74

We report a boy affected by Shwachman syndrome (SS) who presented severe neutropenia and frequent suppurative infections, which we treated successfully with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF). Daily injections of 7.5 micrograms/kg/day significantly increased the absolute neutrophil count and he was free from infections. In order to avoid the risk of side effects and to improve the child's quality of life, we intermittently administered lower doses of rHuG-CSF. A weekly dose of 2 micrograms/kg/day was able to maintain the absolute neutrophil count high enough (0.58-1.2 x 10(9)/L) to prevent suppurative infections. During the follow-up period (2.5 years) we tried suspending rHuG-CSF twice, but the absolute neutrophil count (0.18-0.31 x 10(9)/L) fell significantly and suppurative infections reoccurred (otitis, perianal abscess). rHuG-CSF may be a useful therapeutic agent in patients with symptomatic neutropenia in SS.
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PMID:Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rHuG-CSF) for treatment of neutropenia in Shwachman syndrome. 754 36

Human granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor (hGM-CSF) is an important hematopoietic growth factor. hGM-CSF is able to stimulate hematopoietic progenitors to produce granulocytes, macrophages and eosinophils. hGM-CSF also shows the potential to treat myeloid leukemias. In order to prepare enough hGM-CSF, a genetically engineered strain E. coli HB101/pZW.GM47 was constructed by DNA recombination technologies in the present study, and characterized by restriction analysis, DNA sequencing, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and bioassays. The strain has been shown to produce a 14kDa mature hGM-CSF protein with expression level higher than 40% and a specific activity of 5.0 x 10(7) u/mg which shows a good potential for clinical applications.
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PMID:Molecular cloning and expression of human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in Escherichia coli system. 754 70

Mutual interactions between neutrophils (PMN) and platelets are recognized to be important in modulating the respective functions of these two cell types. Here we show that primary granule secretion from appropriately-stimulated PMN can lead to complete proteolytic removal of GPIb from the platelet surface. Thus, when the PMN in PMN/platelet mixtures were stimulated by FMLP, platelets lost GPIb as measured by ristocetin-induced aggregation, flow cytometry and SDS-PAGE analysis. This loss was most marked when PMN were primed by GM-CSF, and could be inhibited by a specific elastase inhibitor. As expected, the alpha 1-antiproteinase in plasma inhibited GPIb loss, but when PMN were strongly stimulated by FMLP and GM-CSF in the presence of platelets this inhibition was incomplete or absent. It is concluded that joint priming of PMN with GM-CSF and platelets can cause a previously unrecognized degree of primary granule secretion which, via elastase, leads to platelet GPIb loss. We suggest that this loss is likely to be of physiological and pathophysiological importance.
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PMID:Degradation of platelet glycoprotein Ib by elastase released from primed neutrophils. 757 51

In this paper we demonstrate that granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) specifically induces the expression of CD1 molecules, CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, upon human monocytes. CD1 molecules appeared upon monocytes on day 1 of stimulation with rGM-CSF, and expression was up-regulated until day 3. Monocytes cultured in the presence of LPS, FMLP, PMA, recombinant granulocyte-CSF, rIFN-gamma, rTNF-alpha, rIL-1 alpha, rIL-1 beta, and rIL-6 remained negative. The induction of CD1 molecules by rGM-CSF was restricted to monocytes, since no such effect was observed upon peripheral blood granulocytes, PBL, and the myeloid cell lines Monomac1, Monomac6, MV4/11, HL60, U937, THP1, KG1, and KG1A. CD1a mRNA was detectable in rGM-CSF-induced monocytes but not in those freshly isolated. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting analyses of CD1a mAb VIT6 immunoprecipitate from lysate of rGM-CSF-activated monocytes revealed an appropriate CD1a polypeptide band of 49 kDa associated with beta 2-microglobulin. Expression of CD1 molecules on monocytes complements the distribution of these structures on accessory cells, and their specific induction by GM-CSF strengthens the suggestion that CD1 is a family of crucial structures required for interaction between accessory cells and T cells.
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PMID:CD1 molecule expression on human monocytes induced by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. 767 76

A number of cytokines have been shown to have stimulatory activity on multipotent haematopoietic precursors. These include kit ligand (KL), interleukins (IL) 1, 3 and 6 and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Using reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction method (RT/PCR) we have examined the expression of these cytokines, the c-kit and IL-6 receptors, in long-term bone marrow culture (LTC) adherent layer cells in human bone marrow hypoplasia syndromes. Disorders studied include Fanconi's anaemia (FA, n = 16), idiopathic aplastic anaemia (AA, n = 11), Seckel's syndrome (n = 2), dyskeratosis congenita (n = 2), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (n = 1), thrombocytopenia with absent radii syndrome (n = 1), acquired amegakaryocytosis (n = 1), paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (n = 1) and acquired agranulocytosis (n = 1). IL-6 and GM-CSF expression appeared reduced in most patients with FA, suggesting that impaired production of these cytokines may contribute to the bone marrow failure seen in most patients with FA. In contrast, abundant IL-6 and GM-CSF expression were seen in most patients with AA when compared with the FA group and controls; these may be mediators of a stromal response in this disorder. No obvious differences were seen between the different patients' groups and controls in expression of the other cytokines or cytokine receptors studied.
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PMID:The expression of cytokine and cytokine receptor genes in long-term bone marrow culture in congenital and acquired bone marrow hypoplasias. 751 72


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