Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0272170 (SDS)
 50,377 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four spirochetal isolates (JEM1 to JEM4) were obtained from cutaneous lesions of patients manifesting erythema chronicum migrans in Hokkaido, Japan. In the protein profiles by SDS-PAGE and the reactivities with monoclonal antibodies (H5332 and H9724) by immunoblotting, all the human isolates were identical with the tick isolates from Ixodes persulcatus. These data indicate that I. persulcatus is an important vector of Lyme disease for humans in Japan.
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PMID:Comparison of Borrelia burgdorferi isolated from humans and ixodid ticks in Hokkaido, Japan. 128 37

Borrelia burgdorferi strains (n = 23), isolated from patients (n = 8) and ticks (n = 14), were analyzed by SDS PAGE and Western blotting with monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera (rabbit immune serum and sera from patients). Testing the 23 strains by SDS PAGE 9 different patterns of major protein bands were observed. In contrast to US strains some of our strains showed only weak or negative reactivity with the OspA specific monoclonal antibody H5332. Analysis with polyclonal sera gave further support that the OspA proteins of our strains have specific epitopes (recognized by patients sera) besides common ones (recognized by rabbit immune serum). Fifteen of the strains had another major protein in the 22K range without detectable antigenic variability. Patients with erythema migrans and lymphocytic meningitis had a good IgM- and IgG-immunoresponse to this protein. In contrast antibodies to the OspA were very rarely observed, probably due to the antigenetic heterogeneity of the causative agent on the one hand but also due to low response of the human immune system to the OspA on the other hand.
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PMID:Immunochemical and immunological analysis of European Borrelia burgdorferi strains. 243 39

An enterotoxic activity has been identified in culture filtrates of Salmonella wien. The enterotoxin causes fluid accumulation in rabbit ligated ileal loops, firm induration and erythema in rabbit skin and morphological alteration in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures; it was revealed by treatment with calcium phosphate gel, and purified on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and BioGel A-1.5 m. The enterotoxic activity was eluted from the BioGel column in two peaks. Approximately 50-70% of the enterotoxic activity of the first peak, corresponding to the excluded volume, was resistant to heating at 75 degrees C for 30 min, while the activity of the second peak was completely destroyed by this treatment. From the heat-labile peak a protein, in homogeneous form, was isolated exploiting its affinity towards agarose gel filtration media. This protein, with enterotoxic activity was also present as shown by SDS-PAGE, in the first peak, eluted from the Bio-Gel column, where it appears to be closely associated with cell wall or membrane components and thus protected from heat denaturation. The isolated enterotoxin is stable in alkaline conditions but it is sensitive to acidic pH values; moreover, it stimulates adenylate cyclase in cell culture systems. Thus, it appears to possess properties similar to both cholera toxin and the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. These results indicate that the enterotoxin is a protein in nature and it is postulated that it may participate in the pathogenesis of S. wien infection.
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PMID:Isolation of Salmonella wien heat-labile enterotoxin. 710 66

A series of mite allergens with high carbohydrate content was fractionated from mite extract containing mite feces by ultrafiltration, and successive chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 54, Sepharose CL-6B, and DEAE Toyopearl 650S. The final fractions isolated were termed HM1-2-Eff, -0.1A, -0.1B, -0.3A, -0.3B, and -1M according to the eluted salt concentration. These six fractions were stained weakly with Coomassie Brilliant Blue but strongly with periodate-Schiff's reagent on SDS-PAGE. Their molecular weight were estimated to be 150-155 KD on Sepharose CL-6B. All of these six fractions provoked strong erythema in skin of mite-sensitive and asthmatic patients. HM1-2-Eff, -0.1A, -0.1B and -0.3B reacted with 73% of mite-sensitive patients' IgE by the nitrocellulose dot blotting. One ng/ml of 4 fractions (HM1-2-0.1A, 0.3A, 0.3B and -1M) released histamine from mite allergic patient's blood cells. HM1-2-0.3A induced proliferation of T cell from immunized mouse by mite extract containing mite feces (Dff).
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PMID:High-molecular-size mite allergens with high carbohydrate content in mite extract containing mite feces of Dermatophagoides farinae. 764 73

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato has been subdivided into three genospecies: B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. garinii, and B. burgdorferi group VS461. Sixty-eight isolates cultured from patients and 26 strains from ticks were characterized with use of SDS-PAGE, western blotting, and rRNA gene restriction analysis. Fifty-seven of 58 strains obtained from the skin of 70 patients who had erythema migrams or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were of group VS461, whereas the genotype of the remaining strain was unidentifiable. Of 10 strains cultured from CSF (n = 3) and skin (n = 7) of 20 patients with extracutaneous symptoms of Lyme borreliosis, nine were B. garinii and one was B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Of these 20 patients, 17 had neuroborreliosis, one had arthritis and carditis, one had myalgia, and one had erythema and arthralgia. All 26 isolates from ticks were of group VS461. In conclusion, infections due to group VS461 and B. garinii are associated with cutaneous and extracutaneous symptoms, respectively. Our findings suggest that B. burgdorferi genotypes have different pathogenic potentials.
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PMID:Different genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi are associated with distinct clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. 790 58

Staphylococcus hyicus may cause a spontaneous generalized exudative epidermitis in piglets. The progression and regression of macroscopical and histopathological lesions in piglet skin after subcutaneous injection of sterile concentrated culture supernatant (CCS) from one virulent and one avirulent strain of S. hyicus was studied every 24 h until 144 h post-injection. CCS from the virulent strain caused local alterations of the epidermis comparable to those of spontaneous exudative epidermitis: exfoliation, crust formation, exocytosis, formation of vesicles, and pustules and acanthosis. CCS from the avirulent strain only caused a transient erythema of the skin and no histopathological alterations of the epidermis. Additionally, proteins in CCS from the virulent strain were fractionated by column chromatography. Skin reactions similar to those caused by CCS from the virulent strain were induced by one fraction of proteins that contained eight protein bands in SDS-PAGE analysis. Two of these protein bands, with molecular weights of approximately 27 kDa and 30 kDa, were unique to the virulent strain compared to the avirulent strain. The results of this study indicate that one of these two proteins or both is a heat-labile exfoliative toxin, and that the toxin is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of exudative epidermitis in piglets.
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PMID:Staphylococcus hyicus-skin reactions in piglets caused by crude extracellular products and by partially purified exfoliative toxin. 827 21

Glabridin is the main ingredient in hydrophobic fraction of licorice extract affecting on skins. In this study, we investigated inhibitory effects of glabridin on melanogenesis and inflammation using cultured B16 murine melanoma cells and guinea pig skins. The results indicated that glabridin inhibits tyrosinase activity of these cells at concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 microg/ml and had no detectable effect on their DNA synthesis. Combined analysis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and DOPA staining on the large granule fraction of these cells disclosed that glabridin decreased specifically the activities of T1 and T3 tyrosinase isozymes. It was also shown that UVB-induced pigmentation and erythema in the skins of guinea pigs were inhibited by topical applications of 0.5% glabridin. Anti-inflammatory effects of glabridin in vitro were also shown by its inhibition of superoxide anion productions and cyclooxygenase activities. These data indicated that glabridin is a unique compound possessing more than one function; not only the inhibition of melanogenesis but also the inhibition of inflammation in the skins. By replacing each of hydroxyl groups of glabridin with others, it was revealed that the inhibitory effect of 2'-O-ethyl glabridin was significantly stronger than that of 4'-O-ethyl-glabridin on melanin synthesis in cultured B16 cells at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. With replacement of both of two hydroxyl groups, the inhibitory effect was totally lost. Based on these data, we concluded that two hydroxyl groups of glabridin are important for the inhibition of melanin synthesis and that the hydroxyl group at the 4' position of this compound is more closely related to melanin synthesis.
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PMID:The inhibitory effect of glabridin from licorice extracts on melanogenesis and inflammation. 987 May 47

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato A14S was cultured from a skin biopsy specimen of a patient with erythema migrans in The Netherlands. This isolate had a unique DNA fingerprint pattern compared to 135 other B. burgdorferi sensu lato isolates. In this study, the isolate A14S was further characterized by protein analysis with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and reactivity with various monoclonal antibodies. In addition, the 16S rRNA, ospA, and ospC genes, as well as the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer DNA, were amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. SDS-PAGE protein profiles and phylogenetic analysis based on all of the analyzed genes confirmed that B. burgdorferi sensu lato A14S was phenotypically and genetically different from the three human pathogenic species B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia afzelii, as well as from other B. burgdorferi sensu lato species. Our findings indicate that Borrelia genomic groups or isolates other than the three well-known human pathogenic species may also cause human Lyme borreliosis.
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PMID:Phenotypic and genetic characterization of a novel Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolate from a patient with lyme borreliosis. 1044 97

Lyme borreliosis often presents initially with erythema migrans. Borreliae may disseminate from the primary skin lesion, and different organs and systems could be affected. Borrelia strains were isolated from blood of 70 patients with Lyme borreliosis, including 10 patients from whom borreliae were also isolated from skin. The aim of the present study was to characterise the isolates with regard to their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Borreliae were cultivated in MKP medium. Species identification and plasmid profiles were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and protein profiles by SDS-PAGE. Digestion of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA showed 63 (90%) B. afzelii Mla1 and 7 (10%) B. garinii Mlg2. No B. burgdorferi sensu stricto were isolated. Borreliae were isolated from both skin and blood of 10 patients, nine pairs of isolates were identical: seven B. afzelii and two B. garinii. B. afzelii was isolated from the skin and B. garinii from blood of the tenth patient. All but one isolate possessed at least one large plasmid and varying numbers of smaller plasmids. Eight (11.4%) of 70 isolates possessed an unusual plasmid profile (2 of 63 B. afzelii and 6 of 7 B. garinii). Borreliae differed in their protein profiles. OspA and OspB proteins were expressed by all B. afzelii isolates; 85.7% of B. garinii isolates expressed OspA and 71.4% expressed OspB. OspC was expressed by 65% of B. afzelii isolates and all B. garinii isolates. The ratios of B. afzelii and B. garinii isolated from blood and skin were similar. These results do not support the hypothesis that B. garinii has a higher propensity for haematogenous dissemination than B. afzelii. Antigen diversity as well as species and plasmid heterogeneity could play a role in the pathogenesis of the infection, suggesting distinctive strain organotropism.
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PMID:Genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains isolated from human blood. 1159 39

Involvement of the nervous system in Lyme borreliosis may occur with or without erythema migrans and it may present with a variety of neurological symptoms. In this study we analysed phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 40 Borrelia strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 38 Slovenian patients with different clinical manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. In seven of the patients, Borreliae were also isolated from skin lesions. Species identification and plasmid profiles were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and protein profiles by SDS-PAGE. MluI digestion profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA showed that 25 (62.5%) isolates were B. garinii, 14 (35%) B. afzelii, and one (2.5%) B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. All strains, except one, possessed a large plasmid and a varying number of smaller plasmids. Three (7.5%) isolates exhibited an unusual plasmid profile, with a large plasmid dimer or three copies of the large plasmid. In protein analyses, all strains expressed OspA protein. OspB was present significantly more often in B. afzelii than B. garinii strains (p=0.0000), while OspC was more often present in B. garinii than B. afzelii strains (p=0.0052). In the seven patients with Borreliae isolated also from the skin, the CSF and skin isolates were identical, either B. garinii (six patients) or B. afzelii (one patient). Species and plasmid heterogeneity as well as antigen diversity could play a role in the pathogenesis of the infection. When combined with our own earlier data, the results suggest species-related organotropism.
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PMID:Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolated from cerebrospinal fluid. 1189 May 75


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