Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0272170 (SDS)
 50,377 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ordinarily, HDL1, a fraction of HDL enriched in apoE, is a minor fraction of plasma, but in human subjects and experimental animals eating diets high in fat and cholesterol and in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HFH) or CETP deficiency, HDL1 (or HDLc) concentrations in plasma are increased. However, little is known about the structures, compositions and metabolic sources of HDL1 in HFH patients. To obtain HDL1 for the study, we surveyed several fractions in the HDL density range for apoE by SDS-PAGE. The ratio of apoE to apoAI in the HDL (d = 1.063-1.21 g/ml) of 8 HFH patients was 0.14 +/- 0.03 compared to 0.03 +/- 0.005 in a control group of 8 normolipidemic subjects (P less than 0.001) suggesting that an apoE-rich fraction indeed was present in increased amounts. ApoE/apoAI ratios of lipoproteins of the density range 1.050-1.090 were even higher at 1.5 and 2.0 in 2 patients compared to 0.4 +/- 0.1 in controls, indicating that this density fraction may be particularly enriched with apoE-rich lipoproteins. By contrast, d = 1.020-1.050 g/ml and d greater than 1.090 fractions contained very little apoE. Therefore, we further characterized the d = 1.050-1.090 g/ml lipoproteins of HFH patients and controls. Fractionation of an d = 1.050-1.090 fraction by concanavalin-A chromatography (CONA) yielded an unbound apoE-rich fraction that contained apoE, apoAI and apoC but no apoB, and a bound LDL-like fraction that contained mostly apoB-100, as determined by SDS-PAGE and by solid phase immunoassays, containing monoclonal antibodies directed against apoB, apoE and apoAI. The apoE/apoAI ratio of the CONA unbound fraction of HFH patients was greater, and the fraction also contained more free cholesterol and phospholipids than the fraction of control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Apolipoprotein E-rich HDL in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. 212 36

Two classes of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) comprise virtually all the lipoprotein mass in female hemolymph. These lipoproteins have hydrated densities of 1.187 g/ml (HDL3) and 1.112 g/ml (HDL2). A third species (HDL1, density 1.080 g/ml) appeared in ovigerous crabs. The mean annual HDL protein concentration was 109 mg/dl of which 67% was HDL3. HDL proteins of both HDL2 and HDL3 were mostly insoluble in tetramethylurea. Three major components with apparent mol. wts of 185,000, 100,000 and 84,000 daltons were identified by gel electrophoresis in SDS. Amino acid compositions are reported. Electron microscopy indicated that the HDL are polymorphic and discoidal. Similarities in shape and differences in size of HDL3 and HDL2 particles were consistent with their lipid and protein composition. Phospholipids, mostly phosphatidylcholine, were the dominant lipid class (74%); no cholesteryl esters were detected. Palmitic and oleic acids were the major fatty acid components of esterified lipids.
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PMID:Properties of serum high-density lipoproteins in the crab, Cancer antennarius Stimpson. 378 Jan 83

Female Sprague-Dawley rats (160-200 g body weight) were injected subcutaneously daily for 14 days with 1, 5, 15, 50 or 100 micrograms ethynyl estradiol in sesame oil/kg body weight, or with oil alone. Food consumption was restricted to 15 g/day, and animals were fasted overnight before exsanguination. Concentrations of plasma cholesteryl ester decreased with increasing dosage of ethynyl estradiol, as a result of decreases in HDL cholesteryl ester. Concentrations of plasma unesterified cholesterol were not altered by treatment; the tendency for a decrement in the HDL cholesterol was not statistically significant. Plasma and HDL phospholipid also tended to decrease with increasing dose of ethynyl estradiol. Plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I increased on treatment with 5 micrograms ethynyl estradiol/kg but were diminished at a dose of 50 micrograms ethynyl estradiol/kg. The ultracentrifugally isolated high density lipoproteins were delipidated and the distribution of apolipoproteins was characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and esoelectric focusing. The proportion of apolipoprotein E in HDL was depressed, while apolipoprotein A-I was increased and apolipoprotein C unchanged by treatment with ethynyl estradiol. Clearly, the alterations in plasma HDL lipid levels resulting from treatment with ethynyl estradiol were accompanied by distinct changes in composition of the apolipoproteins of HDL, and a biphasic response dependent on dose of the drug. A possible mechanism for the diminution in the proportion of HDL apolipoprotein E may be the enhanced removal of the apolipoprotein E-rich (HDL1) subfraction of the HDL from the circulation on treatment with ethynyl estradiol.
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PMID:Alterations of plasma HDL lipids and apolipoproteins in female rats treated with ethynyl estradiol. 732 48

The levels of apolipoprotein E (apo E) in serum and in isolated lipoprotein fractions from genetically hypercholesterolemic rats (RICO) and their normocholesterolemic controls (SW), were evaluated by immunoblotting, and their polymorphism was analyzed by isoelectrofocusing. The present results confirm previous findings from a qualitative SDS-PAGE analysis. When measured by immunoblotting, total apo E increased by 35% in the RICO rat plasma. In the different lipoprotein fractions, apo E in RICO rat increased in low density lipoproteins; LDL1, LDL2 (apo E rich HDL1) and high density lipoproteins (HDL2, HDL3). Only in the chylomicron fraction did apo E decrease. The two-dimensional electrophoretic method demonstrated that four isoproteins designated E-1, E-2, E-3 and E-4 are present at a pI range from 5.36 to 5.56 in RICO rat as well as in control SW rat.
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PMID:Characterization and quantification of apolipoprotein E in the genetically hypercholesterolemic rat (RICO). 877 81