Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0272170 (SDS)
 50,377 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rat adipose tissue possesses two Bordetella pertussis toxin (PTX) substrates and, in the same 39-41 kDa molecular mass range, positive immunoreactivity has also been reported with antibodies against the alpha subunit of Go, the major brain GTP-binding protein (G-protein). In this study, the presence of the brain Go alpha subunit at 39 kDa in adipocytes was reassessed, since direct correspondence between PTX substrates and Go alpha immunoreactivity has not yet been clearly established. On resolutive SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, the PTX substrates of human adipocytes were compared with the three PTX substrates found in brain. No ADP-ribosylated substrate at the level of the 39 kDa brain Go alpha could be detected in adipocyte membranes. Immunoblotting of human adipocyte membranes stained with our anti-Go alpha antibodies confirmed the presence of a positive immunoreactivity in this tissue, but the apparent molecular mass of the immunoreactive polypeptide in adipocytes was higher than that found in nervous tissues. Taken together, these results indicate that the brain Go alpha subunit is not present in adipose tissue. They also suggest the existence of a G-protein in adipocytes which is immunologically related to Go alpha but having a slightly higher molecular mass.
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PMID:The adipocyte Go alpha-immunoreactive polypeptide is different from the alpha subunit of the brain Go protein. 250 50

Bordetella pertussis produces a calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase that is associated with the whole bacteria and released into its culture media. Preparations of this enzyme invade animal cells, causing elevations in intracellular cAMP levels. Cell-associated adenylate cyclase accounted for 28% of the total adenylate cyclase activity while 72% was released into the culture supernatant. Over 90% of the cell-associated adenylate cyclase activity was sensitive to trypsin treatment of whole cells, indicating that the catalytic domain of the enzyme is localized on the outer surface of the bacterial cells. Enzyme activity was released from whole cells by treatment with SDS. This activity was resolved as a large form (Mr 215,000) by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast, the culture supernatant contained only the 45,000-dalton catalytic subunit. Enzyme activity released from spheroplasts by sonication was resolved into a large form (Mr 215,000) and a small form (Mr 45,000). The appearance of the small form with spheroplast formation was probably the result of proteolytic degradation. Antibodies generated against the catalytic subunit purified from culture supernatants cross-reacted with and immunoprecipitated both the large and small forms of adenylate cyclase isolated from bacterial cells. Furthermore, incubation of the cell-associated enzyme with a crude bacterial extract resulted in a time-dependent disappearance of the 215,000-dalton form and a concomitant increase in the amount of the smaller 45,000-dalton form. There was also a parallel increase in the ability of the cell-associated preparation to elevate intracellular cAMP levels in N1E-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characterization of the bacterial cell associated calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase from Bordetella pertussis. 254 Jul 97

One serotype antigen, agglutinogen 3, from Bordetella pertussis, (strain M2, serotype 1.3), has been purified. The purification procedure included acetone drying of cells harvested from shaking cultures. Agglutinogens were extracted in phosphate buffered saline. Crude extract was heat treated at 80 degrees C for 5 min and precipitated by ammonium sulphate between 25 and 60% saturation at 4 degrees C, providing 50% of the total activity and a five-fold purification. Further purification was attempted by gel filtration chromatography using a TSK-G3000 SW column. The ammonium sulphate precipitated fraction was also separated by anion exchange chromatography using a Mono Q HR 5/5 column. The purification work indicated that agglutinogen 3 is associated with several other substances and that this property can lead to purification difficulties. The isolation procedure was monitored by an agglutination-inhibition assay. The peak fraction from the ion exchange chromatography was purified up to 27-fold according to the specific activities (inhibition units per mg protein). The yield was only 1% due to severe loss of activity. In the gel filtration chromatography agglutinogen 3-activity eluted with a maximum activity corresponding to a molecular weight near 450,000. SDS-PAGE analysis indicated that agglutinogen 3 might have a subunit molecular weight of 20,800.
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PMID:Purification and preliminary characterization of agglutinogen 3 from Bordetella pertussis. 287 4

Bordetella pertussis, the causative organism of whooping cough, produces a calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase. Confer & Eaton [(1982) Science 217, 948-950] have shown that an extract from B. pertussis increases intracellular cyclic AMP levels in neutrophils and suggested that this increase is caused by the bacterial adenylate cyclase which penetrates these cells. We demonstrate in the present study that adenylate cyclase activity in lysates from lymphocytes exposed to a partially purified preparation of the bacterial enzyme has properties completely different from those of the intrinsic membrane-bound enzyme. Adenylate cyclase activity in lysates from lymphocytes exposed to the invasive enzyme is insensitive to N-ethylmaleimide, readily inactivated by acetic anhydride and relatively stable to SDS. Similar properties are exhibited by the bacterial enzyme itself. By contrast, the intrinsic membrane-bound enzyme activated by forskolin and guanosine 5'-gamma-thiotriphosphate is sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and SDS and relatively stable to acetic anhydride. This strongly supports the notion that B. pertussis adenylate cyclase penetrates cells. Using the partially purified preparation of the invasive enzyme, we have studied the kinetics of its penetration. The intracellular catalytic activity reaches a steady state within 20 min, irrespective of enzyme or cell concentration. Steady-state levels are maintained for at least 2 h provided that the invasive enzyme is present in the incubation medium. Upon its removal, a rapid decrease (t1/2 approximately equal to 15 min) in the intracellular cyclase level is observed. This decrease reflects intracellular inactivation of the bacterial enzyme and is not caused by the release of the enzyme to the cell medium.
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PMID:The invasive adenylate cyclase of Bordetella pertussis. Properties and penetration kinetics. 288 19

Bordetella pertussis was able to grow in vitro under conditions where the only iron present was bound to the iron-binding proteins ovotransferrin, transferrin or lactoferrin. Under these conditions the bacteria produced neither hydroxamate nor phenolate-catecholate siderophores to assist in the procurement of iron. Examination of B. pertussis outer-membrane preparations by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting showed that the iron-binding protein ovotransferrin was bound directly to the bacterial surface. Assays of the binding of radiolabelled transferrin by the bacteria showed that the association was a specific process and that there was turnover of the bound proteins. Competitive binding assays indicated that lactoferrin could be bound in the same way. It is suggested that B. pertussis obtains iron directly from host iron-binding proteins during infection.
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PMID:Interaction of lactoferrin and transferrins with the outer membrane of Bordetella pertussis. 288 36

Agglutinogen 2 (AGG2) of Bordetella pertussis is a fimbrial antigen and therefore a potential adhesin and acellular vaccine component. AGG2 was found to dissociate only under harsh conditions into the subunits of mol. wt. 22500 seen in SDS-PAGE. Results from studies of agglutinogen 3 (AGG3) are presented which confirm previous findings from this Laboratory that AGG3 is also a fimbrial protein but with a subunit mol. wt. of 22000. The amino acid sequence of AGG2, deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding it, was used as a basis for synthesis of three peptides. Coupled to Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin (KLH), the peptides were immunogenic in mice, inducing antibodies which bound well to homologous peptide in ELISA but poorly to intact fimbriae. Monoclonal and polyclonal serotype-specific antibodies failed to react significantly with the peptides or their KLH-conjugates. These results indicate that the synthetic peptides do not represent the serotype 2 epitope. Mice immunized with purified AGG2 or AGG3 were found to be protected against respiratory infection with B. pertussis. Results presented here indicate that this protection is, to a large extent, serotype-specific and that immunization of mice with AGG2 or AGG3 can lead to a change in serotype of the infecting strain. These results are analogous to findings from epidemiological studies of the protection induced in children by whole cell vaccines. They reaffirm the importance of both AGG2 and AGG3 as components of whole cell and acellular vaccines.
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PMID:Agglutinogens and fimbriae of Bordetella pertussis. 290 20

The purified toxin of Bordetella pertussis was dissociated in 5 M urea in the presence of immobilized haptoglobin. The toxin was dissociated in free S1, free S5 and the free complexes S2-S4 and S3-S4, with S2-S4 as the only haptoglobin-binding moiety, identifying S2 as the haptoglobin-binding protein. Partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequences were obtained from the dissimilar toxin subunits, after separation by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by electroblotting onto polybrene-coated glass-fiber sheets. The sequences reveal extensive homology of the N-terminal portions of the constitutive subunits S2 and S3 and between S1 and the enterotoxin A chains of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli.
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PMID:Protein-chemical analysis of pertussis toxin reveals homology between the subunits S2 and S3, between S1 and the A chains of enterotoxins of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli and identifies S2 as the haptoglobin-binding subunit. 352 28

A toxin with dermonecrotic activity (DNT) was purified from sonic extracts of Bordetella bronchiseptica L3 of pig origin at phase I by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. The purification procedure was one developed for obtaining the Pasteurella multocida DNT from sonic extracts with some modifications. Dermonecrotizing activity of B. bronchiseptica-purified DNT was increased by 600-fold compared with that of the crude extract, and the average yield was about 3%. The toxin was homogeneous, as determined by Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and disk isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. The toxin gave a single band on polyacrylamide disk gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-SDS PAGE. The molecular weight of the toxin was ca. 190,000 +/- 5,000, as determined by SDS-PAGE. The isoelectric point of the toxin was ca. 6.5 to 6.6. The minimal necrotizing dose of the toxin for guinea pigs was about 2 ng of protein per 0.1 ml, the 50% lethal dose per mouse was about 0.3 micrograms, and the minimal cytotoxic dose for embryonic bovine lung cells was about 2 ng/ml. The toxin was heat labile and sensitive to inactivation by trypsin, Formalin, and glutaraldehyde. The mildly trypsinized B. bronchiseptica DNT preparation dissociated into two polypeptide chains, with molecular weights of ca. 75,000 +/- 4,000 (fragment 1) and ca. 118,000 +/- 5,000 (fragment 2), after treatment with dithiothreitol-SDS or urea. Upon removal of dithiothreitol and urea from the dissociated DNT preparation, the fragments reassociated, and the DNT that was formed was indistinguishable from the native toxin.
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PMID:Properties of dermonecrotic toxin prepared from sonic extracts Bordetella bronchiseptica. 369 86

The heat-labile toxin (HLT) of Bordetella bronchiseptica was purified successively from sonic extracts of phase I organisms grown in Stainer-Scholte medium, by partition in hydrophobic interaction, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, gel filtration through Sepharose 4B and 6B, isoelectric precipitation and isoelectric focusing. The purified HLT was homogeneous by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the gel diffusion-test, and free of detectable hemagglutinin and endotoxin activity. A 386-fold purification over the crude extract was obtained at a yield of about 28%, and a minimum dose of 0.9 ng was dermonecrotizing with a lesion 5 mm in diameter in guinea pigs and induced splenoatrophy. The mouse LD50 was 200 ng (intraperitoneal) or 70 ng (intravenous). The HLT was found to be a simple protein with an isoelectric point of pI 6.9. It has a molecular weight of 102,000 estimated by Sepharose 6B gel filtration and was found to consist of two different types of polypeptide by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, their molecular weights being 30,000 and 20,000. Amino acid analysis showed 15 common amino acid residues, and methionine, cysteine and tryptophan were undetectable. The HLT crystallized by methylpentanediol showed a block form. The HLT was inactivated at 56 C when heated for 10 min, and at above pH 9 and below pH 4.
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PMID:Purification and characterization of heat-labile toxin from Bordetella bronchiseptica. 377 90

Eleven monoclonal antibodies were produced using whole Bordetella pertussis cells as the immunizing antigen. All monoclonal antibodies reacted with components of Bordetella pertussis, as visualized in immunoblotting of SDS polyacrylamide gels. Selected antibodies were coupled to Sepharose columns and used for isolation of the corresponding antigen. In all cases complete accordance was found between SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the eluted antigen and the bands found in immunoblotting of the original extract stained with the respective monoclonal antibody. One major problem in the interpretation of the results was the finding that some of the monoclonal antibodies stained a number of bands in immunoblottings of crude B.pertussis extract. This phenomenon was shown to be caused by proteolytic degradation of the antigens, since prior addition of protease inhibitors to the extract resulted in the staining of only one band. The monoclonal antibodies showed different reactivity patterns with various strains of B.pertussis, B.parapertussis, B.bronchiseptica and less closely related bacteria. Two of the antibodies were strictly specific for B.pertussis.
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PMID:Purification of Bordetella pertussis antigens using monoclonal antibodies. 609 91


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