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Query: UMLS:C0271276 (Hudson)
 1,066 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of the Duwamish River PCB cleanup and recovery project are discussed as a basis for comparison in selecting potential management alternatives for removing PCB residues in the Hudson River. Application of the Pneuma dredge system at the Duwamish River spill site removed approximately 92% of the PCBs spilled. No significant changes in the PCB load of suspended matter and water column were observed. These results suggest that a carefully planned dredge/disposal operation can be effective in minimizing environmental impacts in the Hudson River. On the basis of observations of the Duwamish case, the existing baseline data on the distribution of PCBs in the Hudson River, and the removal alternatives and associated environmental tradeoffs, hot spot dredging is recommended as the best practical alternative.
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PMID:PCB removal from the Duwamish River estuary: implications to the management alternative for the Hudson River PCB cleanup. 11 Feb 4

Chromite ore processing residue occurs at over 130 sites in Hudson County, New Jersey. Many of these sites are in urban residential areas. This waste is a result of 70 years of chromate and bichromate chemical manufacturing. At least 15% of the sites contain total chromium concentrations greater than 10,000 mg/kg, with hexavalent content ranging from about 1 to 50%. Continuing leaching of this waste results in yellow-colored surface water runoff and yellow deposits on the soil surface and inside basement walls. The chemistry, environmental fate, health effects, and human exposure potentials for this waste are described.
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PMID:Chromite ore processing residue in Hudson County, New Jersey. 193 43

In summary, these studies report a voltage-gated, stretch-activated K channel at the basolateral membrane of amphibian proximal tubule. In the normal range of potential, any reduction in metabolic activity leading to membrane depolarization would reduce the open-probability of the basolateral K channel, thereby preventing excessive loss of K out of the cell. This type of voltage gating is consistent with the decrease in macroscopic K conductance observed in perfused frog tubules after cell depolarization (Messner et al., 1985). However, it does not account for the delayed increase in basolateral K conductance that accompanies Na-substrate cotransport across the apical membrane. The stretch-activation property of basolateral K channels may explain both electrolyte and volume homeostasis in the amphibian proximal tubule. Na-substrate cotransport produces a gradual increase in cell volume in several preparations (Hempling and Hare 1961; Hacking and Eddy 1981; Hudson and Schultz 1988;). Hence, the observed increase in K conductance during luminal addition of Na-cotransported substrates may be mediated by small changes in cell volume. For example, a stretch-activated K channel, stimulated by a 1% increase in cell volume, would allow K to exit the cell down its electrochemical gradient, thereby balancing the increased K uptake associated with greater Na pump activity. A number of studies have provided evidence that cell swelling increases macroscopic K conductance (Davis and Finn 1982; Germann et al. 1986; Grinstein et al. 1982; Grinstein et al. 1984; Hamill 1983; Hoffmann 1985; Lau et al. 1984; Lopes and Guggino 1987; Richards and Dawson 1986) as well as chloride channel activity (Hudson and Schultz 1988). However, the present study is the first to suggest that the swelling-induced increase in basolateral K conductance results from stretch-activated K channels. This same stretch-activation property may also be involved in the VRD that occurs during exposure of proximal tubule cells to hypotonic media (Dellesaga and Grantham 1973; Welling et al. 1985; Lopes and Guggino 1987; Kirk et al 1987). Since cell swelling undoubtably increases membrane tension (Kelly and Macklem 1988), swollen amphibian proximal tubule cells would lose K because of an increase in the open probability of stretch-activated K channels. The additional exit of bicarbonate and water would restore the cells to their original volume.
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PMID:Regulation of renal proximal tubule basolateral potassium channels. 240 69

Anaerobic biodegradation of monochlorobiphenyls; a tetrachlorobiphenyl; Aroclor 1221, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture; and sediment PCBs was investigated by using mixed bacterial populations from Hudson River sediments obtained by PCB enrichment. When the bacteria were incubated with Aroclor 1221, the disappearance of congeners was in general inversely related to GC retention time and thus indirectly to the octanol/water partition coefficient. When incubated with 14C-labeled monochlorobiphenyls, 14CO2 was detected, but methane was not. Radioactivity was also found in the cell material and the aqueous fraction. 2,4,2',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl produced little evidence of biodegradation or reductive dechlorination. Inoculation of anaerobic sediments from the Hudson River with the mixed population produced a marked decrease in sediment PCBs, whereas uninoculated sediments were observed to have little change. This decrease was also related to the partition coefficient.
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PMID:Anaerobic biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by bacteria from Hudson River sediments. 314 59

This work summarizes the measurements and associated environmental dosimetry of reactor-released 137Cs and 134Cs and weapons-produced 137Cs in samples of water, shoreline sediment and fish collected from 1971 to 1980 in the Hudson River Estuary. Trends observed in annual mean concentrations and the resultant dose implications for man from each source are discussed. The human exposure pathways examined are: fish consumption, water consumption, swimming and recreational use of the shoreline. Based on environmental measurements, a maximum, adult, whole-body, 50-y committed effective dose equivalent (CEDE) of 0.79 mu Sv (79 mu rem) is estimated from fish consumption in 1971, the year of maximum reactor discharge of the radiocesiums. For comparison, during the period 1974-79, mean estimates (+/- 1 SD) of the CEDE based on environmental measurements and attributed to other pathways are as follows: consumption of indigenous fish species caught downstream of the reactor outfall, 0.05 +/- 0.02 mu Sv (5 +/- 2 mu rem); consumption of fresh water sampled upstream of the reactors, 0.02 +/- 0.03 mu Sv (2 +/- 3 mu rem); and swimming, 10(-4) +/- 10(-4) mu Sv (0.01 +/- 0.01 mu rem). In addition, external, whole-body exposure resulting from recreational use of the shoreline 1.6 km downstream of the reactors is estimated to be 1.2 X 10(-8) C kg-1 (46 +/- 11 mu R yr-1). The above dose estimates are based on consumption factors of 3.9 and 803 kg y-1 (fish and water, respectively) and on usage factors of 50 and 140 h y-1 (swimming and shoreline recreation, respectively). Differences in dose estimates obtained from these long-term environmental measurements and from assessment models currently recommended for use by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) are discussed.
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PMID:Comparative pathway analysis of radiocesium in the Hudson River Estuary: environmental measurements and regulatory dose assessment models. 374 30

Fifty-two female American shad (Alosa sapidissima) were collected during the spring of 1977 at two sites on the lower Hudson River, 27 miles and 75 miles from the river mouth. The fish were extracted with hexane, and the extracts were analyzed by electron-capture gas chromatography (EC-GC) and by GC/mass spectrometry (MS), PCBs were quantitated by EC-GC, and the concentrations were compared by fish length and by site. Fish collected from the downstream site contained a mean PCB concentration of 2.0 +/- 1.0 microgram/g, wet weight; fish from the upstream site contained a mean PCB concentration of 6.1 +/- 2.6 microgram/g, wet weight. Aliquots of the hexane extracts were fractionated before analysis by GC/MS. The presence of PCBs was confirmed, and DDE and the alkane series from C22 through C26 were detected. American shad are saltwater fish that only enter fresh water to spawn. Because they do not feed in fresh water before spawning, they may be used as an indicator of water contamination.
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PMID:Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in american shad during their migration in the Hudson River, spring 1977. 677 80

Melittin, the soluble lipophilic peptide of bee venom, causes fusion of phospholipid vesicles when vesicle suspensions are heated or cooled through their thermal phase transition. Fusion was detected using a new photochemical method (Morgan, C.G., Hudson, B. and Wolber, P. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 26-30) which monitors lipid mixing. Electron microscopy and gel filtration confirmed that most of the lipid formed large vesicular structures. Fluorescence experiments with a water-soluble, membrane-impermeable complex of terbium (Wilschut, J. and Papahadjopoulos, D. (1979) Nature 281, 690-692) demonstrate that these ionic contents are released during fusion. The large structures formed by melittin-induced fusion are impermeable to these ions and are resistant to further fusion. This is in contrast to the behavior observed for the cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CETAB). The large size of the vesicles formed, the extreme speed of the fusion event and the appearance of electron microscope images of the vesicles prior to fusion suggest that the mechanism of the fusion process includes a preaggregation step.
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PMID:Melittin induces fusion of unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. 687 Dec 19

A microcosm system to physically model the fate of Aroclor 1242 in Hudson River sediment was developed. In the dark at 22 to 25 degrees C with no amendments (nutrients, organisms, or mixing) and with overlying water being the only source of oxygen, the microcosms developed visibly distinct aerobic and anaerobic compartments in 2 to 4 weeks. Extensive polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) biodegradation was observed in 140 days. Autoclaved controls were unchanged throughout the experiments. In the surface sediments of these microcosms, the PCBs were biologically altered by both aerobic biodegrading and reductive dechlorinating microorganisms, decreasing the total concentration from 64.8 to 18.0 micromol/kg of sediment in 1140 days. This is the first laboratory demonstration of meta dechlorination plus aerobic biodegradation in stationary sediments. In contrast, the primary mechanism of microbiological attack on PCBs in aerobic subsurface sediments was reductive dechlorination. The concentration of PCBs remained constant at 64.8 micromol/kg of sediment, but the average number of chlorines per biphenyl decreased from 3.11 to 1.84 in 140 days. The selectivities of microorganisms in these sediments were characterized by meta and para dechlorination. Our results provide persuasive evidence that naturally occurring microorganisms in the Hudson River have the potential to attack the PCBs from Aroclor 1242 releases both aerobically and anaerobically at rapid rates. These unamended microcosms represent a unique method for determining the fate of released PCBs in river sediments.
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PMID:Biotransformations of Aroclor 1242 in Hudson River test tube microcosms. 781 Oct 68

The striped bass (Morone saxatilis) is a seasonally breeding, long-lived, anadromous fish of growing economic importance. To describe the apparent activities of growth hormone (GH)- and prolactin (PRL)-producing cells, pituitaries were collected from captive juveniles and from wild adult fish in late spring off the Rhode Island coast during their coastal migration and in the Hudson River during the spawning migration. GH and PRL were separated by reversed-phase HPLC of pituitary extracts from captive adults and characterized as having apparent molecular masses of 23 kDa (GH) and 26 kDa (PRL) by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antisera generated in rabbits against synthetic fragments of GH and PRL188 from tilapia were shown by Western blot analysis of reversed-phase HPLC-purified striped bass GH and PRL and of striped bass pituitary extract to be specific for the appropriate hormone and were used to localize GH and PRL cells. GH cells and PRL cells lie in the proximal pars distalis and the rostral pars distalis, respectively. Small clusters of GH- and PRL-immunoreactive cells were found at ectopic sites within the pituitary. There were many intensely labeled GH cells in the pituitaries of juvenile and adult striped bass, whereas the immunoreactivity of GH cells in the pituitaries of spawning fish decreased. PRL cells in juvenile fish kept in fresh water had big, round-nuclei, and were heavily labeled, indicating that they were active. PRL cells in adult fish from seawater were also intensely labeled, but had kidney-shaped nuclei, indicating inactivity. PRL cells in fish from the spawning ground had polymorphic nuclei, appearing as round, indented or kidney-shaped forms, and they were unevenly and lightly labeled, suggesting highly variable stages of activity. No difference was found between males and females. The apparent activities of GH- and PRL-producing cells differ among these life stages, suggesting changing roles for the hormones.
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PMID:Growth hormone- and prolactin-producing cells in the pituitary gland of striped bass (Morone saxatilis): immunocytochemical characterization at different life stages. 792 32

Bioaccumulation of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHs) from field-contaminated sediments by two infaunal invertebrates, Rhepoxynius abronius (a non-deposit feeding amphipod) and Armandia brevis (a nonselective, deposit-feeding polychaete), was examined and species responses were compared. Sediments were selected over a large geographical area of the Hudson-Raritan estuary to assess the potential for bioaccumulation from a typical urban estuary. Unlike polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from these sediments, concentrations of CHs in interstitial water (IW) indicated that partition coefficients (Koc) were generally as expected, especially when based on predicted, nonsorbed, interstitial water CH concentrations (IWfree). Correlations between amphipod and polychaete tissue residues revealed that these species were responding similarly to a gradient of CH concentrations in sediment. While tissue residues and BAFloc (lipid/organic carbon normalized bioaccumulation factor) values for the trichlorobiphenyls were similar for both species, accumulation in the polychaete was three to 10 times higher for the more hydrophobic PCBs, which was attributed to differences in the route of exposure. A negative correlation between the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and total organic carbon (TOC) was found for both species, which was expected according to equilibrium partitioning theory. Because it was assumed that the amphipod was not feeding in these tests and the polychaete was ingesting sediment, comparison of their tissue residues and bioaccumulation factors was useful for highlighting the importance of sediment ingestion, especially for short-term, nonequilibrium exposures. These results may also help elucidate the limitations associated with assessing bioaccumulation and the resultant toxic response in standard 10-day toxicity tests with similar invertebrates.
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PMID:Comparative bioaccumulation of chlorinated hydrocarbons from sediment by two infaunal invertebrates. 941 57


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