Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0270736 (Essential tremor)
 404 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) within the basal ganglia complex is an effective neurosurgical approach for treating symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), Essential Tremor, Dystonia, Depression, Obssessive Compulsive Disorder, and Tourette's Syndrome, among others. Elucidating DBS mechanism has become a critical clinical and research goal in stereotactic and functional neurosurgery and in neural engineering. Along with electro-physiological and microdialysis techniques, two additional powerful technologies, notably functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and in vivo neurochemical monitoring have recently been used to investigate DBS-mediated activation of basal ganglia network circuitry. For this purpose, we have previously developed WINCS (Wireless Instantaneous Neurotransmitter Concentration Sensor System), which is an MRI-compatible wireless monitoring device to obtain chemically resolved neurotransmitter measurements at implanted microsensors in a large mammalian model (pig) as well as in human patients. This device supports an array of electrochemical measurements that includes fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) for real-time simultaneous in vivo monitoring of dopamine and adenosine release at carbon-fiber microelectrodes as well as fixed potential amperometry for monitoring of glutamate at enzyme-linked biosensors. In addition, we have utilized fMRI to investigate subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS activation in the pig with 3Tesla MR scanner. We demonstrate the activation of specific basal ganglia circuitry during STN DBS using both fMRI and FSCV in the pig model. Our results suggest that fMRI and electrochemistry are important emerging techniques for use in elucidating mechanism of action of DBS.
 ...
PMID:Emerging techniques for elucidating mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation. 2225

Tremor is the most common movement deficit and manifests in a variety of disorders, including Essential Tremor, Parkinson's Disease, Dystonia, and Cerebellar Ataxia. Although medication and surgical interventions have significantly reduced patient suffering, they are only partially effective and can carry undesired side effects, leaving many patients without satisfactory treatment options. Wearable tremor-suppressing devices could provide an alternative to medication and surgery. Multiple research groups have developed orthotic prototypes to low-pass filter tremor, but these devices have not yet been optimized for in-vivo use. Optimizing non-invasive tremor suppression requires an understanding of where the tremor originates mechanically (which muscles) and how it propagates to the hand (where it matters most). Here we present on the beginnings of our multi-pronged work to determine the origin, propagation, and distribution of Essential Tremor, and we provide preliminary results.
 ...
PMID:Toward quantitative characterization of essential tremor for future tremor suppression. 2881 14