Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin sections of 169 bone marrow biopsies fixed in a buffered methanol-formalin solution and decalcified with EDTA. The biopsies included specimens with normal hematopoiesis, and specimens that were affected by various hematological disorders as well as some metastatic carcinomas. The results demonstrate that a wide spectrum of antigens was preserved in routinely processed bone marrow biopsies, even after long-term fixation up to 12 days. Markers for granulopoietic cells were lysozyme, elastase, DAKO-M 1, and MT 1. Megakaryopoiesis was stained with glycoprotein IIIa, von Willebrand factor, and Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA), and erythropoiesis with LN 1. Normal lymphocytes as well as lymphoma cells of all non-Hodgkin's lymphomas tested were positive for leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and at variable degree, for MB 1, 4 KB 5, LN 1, LN 2, UCHL 1, or MT 1. Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin's cells in Hodgkin's lymphomas were reactive with Ber-H 2, LN 2 and Dako-M 1. In plasma cell disorders, staining for immunoglobulin light chains gave best results. Metastatic carcinomas showed predominantly staining with EMA, and KL 1. A selected panel of specific cell markers is proposed, which proved to be helpful in routine bone marrow diagnosis in most cases.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical examination of routinely processed bone marrow biopsies. 143 32

The cytologic diagnosis of malignancy in serous effusions can be challenging. An immunocytochemical (ICC) panel using commercially available antibodies (to carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], epithelial membrane antigen [EMA], B72.3, Leu-M1, cytokeratin [CK], leukocyte common antigen [LCA], S-100 protein, and vimentin) was applied to cell blocks fixed in methyl Carnoy's solution that were from 55 consecutive pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial fluid specimens. The results were correlated with data from clinical records and routine cytologic studies. Final cytologic diagnoses included 26 of adenocarcinoma and 1 of mesothelioma. The remaining 28 cases were considered to be benign (reactive) proliferations. EMA, CEA, B72.3, and Leu-M1 were present in 96%, 77%, 58%, and 42% of adenocarcinomas, respectively. These determinants were absent in the mesothelioma and the reactive effusions, although anti-CEA yielded strong background staining of inflammatory cells. The CK markers identified malignant cells in 93% of cases, but consistently stained mesothelial cells as well. Antivimentin strongly labeled mesothelial cells in all cases, with weak to absent staining of malignant cells. In 3 of 26 carcinoma cases (12%), the ICC panel identified malignant cells that were not recognized initially on routine cytologic examination. In 1 of 26 cases (4%), the panel was falsely negative. Use of this approach can improve the diagnostic accuracy of cytologic examination of serous fluids. The ICC panel is especially helpful when atypical mesothelial proliferation is present, or in cases that are clinically suspect for malignancy, but cytologically negative because there are only a few malignant cells, or those that are cytologically bland.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical panel for the identification of malignant cells in serous effusions. 171 Apr 19

To study the histogenesis of and determine the most useful markers for diagnosing anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), 32 cases, including 2 with numerous osteoclast-like cells, were stained with a battery of antibodies to epithelial (keratin, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA], carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]), mesenchymal (vimentin, desmin, muscle-specific actin [MSA], Factor VIII-related antigen [FVIII:RAg]), endocrine (thyroglobulin, calcitonin, chromogranin [Cg]), lymphocytic (leukocyte common antigen [LCA]), histiocytic (alpha-1-antitrypsin [alpha 1AT], alpha-1-antichymotrypsin [alpha 1AChy], KP1), melanocytic (HMB-45), and Schwann cell (S-100 protein) markers. Five tumors were associated with papillary carcinoma. In one of these cases, a morphologic continuum between the well-differentiated carcinoma and the ATC was visualized by their positive immunostaining for both vimentin and keratin, thus supporting the hypothesis that the latter tumor originated from the former. Twenty-five (78.1%) tumors expressed keratin, 10 (31.3%) reacted for EMA, and 3 (9.4%) expressed CEA, confirming the epithelial nature of this neoplasm. Reactivity for thyroglobulin was seen in a small number of cells in five (15.6%) thyroglobulin was seen in a small number of cells in five (15.6%) ATCs. Because all of the cases that expressed keratin also stained positively for EMA, CEA, or thyroglobulin, it is believed that keratin is the most useful epithelial marker for diagnosis of ATC. A lack of reactivity for calcitonin and Cg indicates that these tumors are not derived from C cells, as has been proposed by some authors. Reactivity for KP1 (CD68), a monoclonal antibody that reacts with a macrophage-associated antigen, occurred in the osteoclast-like cells but not in the anaplastic tumor cells. This finding, together with negative keratin staining of the osteoclast-like cells, indicates that these cells are not epithelial in nature and therefore should be considered reactive rather than neoplastic. Thirty tumors (93.8%) expressed vimentin, 15 (46.9%) marked for alpha 1AChy, 11 (34.4%) exhibited alpha 1AT, and 11 (34.4%) expressed S-100 protein. Because all of these markers can be seen in a wide variety of tumors of different histogeneses, they have no value in the diagnosis of ATC. Although immunostaining for FVIII:RAg, desmin, and MSA was negative in all of these tumors, these markers can help to differentiate between ATCs and some soft tissue sarcomas with which they can be confused.
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PMID:Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Immunocytochemical study of 32 cases. 171 40

A novel, comprehensive panel of monoclonal antibodies was tested in a large series of routinely processed lymph node biopsy specimens from patients with Hodgkin's disease (69 cases), with the object of developing either definitive or adjunctive diagnostic criteria. B- and T-cell lymphomas and reactive states that could mimic Hodgkin's disease were also assessed with the same monoclonal antibody panel. In addition to the popularly used anti-Leu-M1 (CD15), the panel included the recently produced Ber-H2 (CD30) antibody, which detects a formalin-resistant epitope of the Ki-1 antigen. The other monoclonal antibodies were directed against epithelial membrane antigen (Dako-EMA) and leukocyte common antigen (Dako-LC) (CD45), as well as B-cell (LN-1 and LN-2) and T-cell (MT1) associated antigens. The results showed clear phenotypic separation of nodular lymphocyte predominant subtype of Hodgkin's disease from other subtypes. The lymphocytic and histiocytic cells of nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin's disease were reactive for LN-1 (all cases) and anti-EMA (most cases) but negative for anti-Leu-M1 and Ber-H2. Within the other subtypes--i.e. nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity--nearly all Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells were positive for both anti-Leu-M1 and Ber-H2. Ber-H2 monoclonal antibody was observed to react more frequently with Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells in Bouin's- or formalin-fixed tissues. Pleomorphic T-cell lymphomas, which could mimic Hodgkin's disease on morphology, created the same problem on phenotypic analysis. However, MT1 identified a significant proportion of T-cell lymphomas with Reed-Sternberg-like cells, having proven negative for Reed-Sternberg cells and Hodgkin's cells in Hodgkin's disease. Thus, a combination of anti-Leu-M1, Ber-H2, anti-EMA, LN-1, and MT1 monoclonal antibodies appears at present to be the most useful panel for the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibodies in the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. The search for a rational panel. 282 35

Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTS) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are common synovial "tumors." Their immunohistochemical profile, however, has not been well characterized, and uncertainty exists regarding their histogenesis and relationship to fibroma of tendon sheath. In an effort to clarify these uncertainties and to better define the immunohistochemical profile of GCTS/PVNS, we examined formalin fixed tissue from 35 specimens of GCTS, 12 specimens of PVNS, and three cases of reactive synovitis using avidin biotin complex (ABC) and streptavidin immunohistochemical methods. Antibodies to vimentin, CD68, HAM56, cytokeratins, EMA, S100, HMB45, leukocyte common antigen, CD34, desmin, and smooth muscle actin were used in the study. The proliferating mononuclear cells and surface synovial cells in GCTS/PVNS and reactive synovitis stained positively for CD68, HAM56, and vimentin only. Multinucleated cells stained for CD68, vimentin, and leukocyte common antigen. All other stains were negative. Our results suggest that GCTS/PVNS are tumors of synovial cell origin, and do not support an association between GCTS and fibroma of tendon sheath.
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PMID:Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and pigmented villonodular synovitis: immunophenotype suggests a synovial cell origin. 861 90

Microwave oven (mwo) is used to stimulate tissue fixation and to retrieve antigens damaged by fixation. Heavy metal salt solutions, water, and citric acid buffer (cab) have been suggested for this purpose. A serie of tumors treated with cab and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) with mwo were studied immunohistochemically with 24 antibodies. Controls were treated in the same way, except for microwaving. The antibodies were directed against antigens of the following tumors: breast and prostate carcinoma, carcinoid, lymphoma and melanoma. The results showed that cab enhanced the immunoreactivity of the following antigens: estrogen receptors (AMAC), progesterone receptors (Novocastra), HMB45, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, PCNA, p53, MIB-1 (Ki-67) and prostatic specific antigen. The antigens that did not improve their immunoreactivity, when compared with the control series were: factor VIII, keratin, Leu 22, L26, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, chromogranin, HBME-1, smooth muscle actin and EMA. Microwaving equally improved protein S100 and desmin either with cab or pbs. The only antigen that improved with pbs was actin. The results with B72.3 and NKI/C3 were poor and not reliable. In conclusion microwaving with cab enhances the immunoreactivity of the antibodies mentioned above leading to an increase in sensibility without loosing specificity.
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PMID:[Antigen retrieval by microwave oven with buffer of citric acid]. 799 28

Plasmablastic lymphoma is an HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that primarily affects the oral cavity and jaws. The purpose of this report is to describe the first case of plasmablastic lymphoma occurring in an HIV-negative, nonimmunocompromised individual, and to review the histopathologic and immunohistochemical phenotype of this lymphoma. Histopathologically, our case exhibited a dense, diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate of noncohesive large lymphocytes with plasmacytoid features. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positivity for the B-cell marker CD79a, VS38c, Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein (LMP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and lambda light chain restriction. Neoplastic cells were negative for leukocyte common antigen, CD20, CD3, CD10, CD138, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, desmin, actin, EMA, S-100, HMB45, Alk-1, HHV8, IgA, IgM, and cytokeratin. The features of this rare disease are summarized based on a comprehensive review of the epidemiologic, clinical and immunohistochemical findings of previously reported cases.
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PMID:Oral plasmablastic lymphoma in an HIV-negative patient: a case report and review of the literature. 1603 78

The recent WHO classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is based on the morphology and immunohistochemical expression of the lymphoma cells and to a lesser extent, on the molecular and cytogenetic findings. Fifty-three cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were included in the study. Of these, seven cases were primary extra nodal lymphomas. Twenty two patients had peripheral blood and/or bone marrow involvement. A detailed morphological assessment was done and classified using the International working formulation. The two most common types encountered were diffuse large cell lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma. Immunohistochemistry was done using labeled streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex with CD3, CD20, CD15, CD30, CD 45 (leukocyte common antigen), Cyclin D1, EMA (epithelial membrane antigen). 38 cases (72%) showed B cell expression and 12 cases (22.5%) showed T cell expression. Three cases did not express either marker. B-cell diffuse large cell lymphoma (26%) was found to be the predominant B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The commonest T-cell lymphoma was T lymphoblastic lymphoma (67%) followed by peripheral T cell angioimmunoblastic lymphoma (25%). Immunohistochemistry is a useful and necessary diagnostic modality and helps subdivide prognostically different types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical typing of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma-comparing working formulation and WHO classification. 1693 15

BACKGROUND: Primary pure breast sarcoma is a rare disease and constitutes 0.2-1.0% of all mammary malignancies. The establishment of a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma is difficult in adults. Immunohistochemical analysis usually proves to be helpful in indistinguishable cases. The simplistic step is to classify sarcomas on a simple descriptive basis as spindle cell sarcomas, myxoid sarcomas, pleomorphic sarcomas, and small round cell sarcomas. CASE REPORT: Here, we present a rare case of primary spindle cell sarcoma of the breast. A 43-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic with a 2-month history of a left breast lump. Histopathological examination showed a tumor of 2.5 cm in diameter and of nuclear and histological grade 2. In the immunohistochemical examination, vimentin positivity, high nuclear overexpression of P53, high Ki-67 and S-100, desmin, leukocyte common antigen, keratin, and smooth muscle antigen, CD34, HMB45 and EMA negativity were detected. CONCLUSION: Most invasive breast neoplasms are epithelial tumors, and mesenchymal breast tumors are rarely seen. In primary breast sarcoma, adequate surgical tumor excision, tumor grade, and tumor diameter seem to be the most important prognostic factors.
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PMID:Primary Spindle Cell Sarcoma of the Breast. 2082 39

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma of T-cell or null-cell lineage with variable cytomorphology. We report two rare ALCL cases with carcinomatous and sarcomatous patterns, respectively, in fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology and histopathology. The first case was a 56-year-old man with enlarged left inguinal lymph node. FNA smears showed a malignant small round cell tumor with nuclear molding. In addition, there were large bi-nucleated and multinucleated cells with wreath-like arrangement of nuclei. ALCL and small cell (neuroendocrine) carcinoma were the possibilities considered. Immunocytochemical studies on FNA smears showed positive reaction for leukocyte common antigen (LCA) and negative results for cytokeratin (CK) and chromogranin. Histopathological examination of the lymph node showed features of ALCL with following immunohistochemical staining results: LCA+, CD30+, CD45RO+, CD20-, CD3+ (weak), and Alk1-. During review of sections, areas resembling a small cell anaplastic carcinoma were observed. The second case was a 24-year-old woman with right cervical lymphadenopathy. FNA smears showed an ALCL with highly atypical large cells including bi-nucleated and donut shaped cells, which were positive for CD30, EMA, and Alk-1 protein, and negative for CD20, CD3, and CK. Histopathological examination corroborated the cytodiagnosis of ALCL, and with positive immunohistochemical staining for CD30, EMA, Alk-1 protein+, BCL6+, and Ki67+ (40% cells) and negative results for CD20, CD10, CD3, CD5, CD15, BCl2, CD79a, and CD68. Sarcomatous components were noticed during review of cytologic and histopathological specimen. Awareness about these unusual cytomorphological patterns in ALCL may be of help in proper diagnosis of this neoplasm.
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PMID:Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Report of two cases with rare patterns (carcinomatous and sarcomatous) in fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology. 3249 Dec 82


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