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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nevus cell components have been observed in up to 40% of melanomas, but little is known of the pathobiology of these components in relation to their malignant potential. We studied 44 nevi of the typical, dysplastic, congenital, and Spitz types with a battery of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that react on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (HMB.45, S-100 protein, RAP-5, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA], and neuron-specific enolase [NSE]) by avidin-biotin immunohistochemical methods. EMA and RAP-5 (which detects the ras oncogene-associated P21 protein) were negative in all cases. Melanoma-specific HMB.45 was strongly reactive with the epidermal component and had a weak to negative reaction with the dermal component in the typical nevi. However, the reaction seen with HMB.45 in the junctional component of dysplastic nevi, congenital nevi, and some Spitz nevi was heterogeneous. One Spitz nevi showed HMB.45 staining in a pattern near to that of melanoma. In contrast to HMB.45, S-100 protein labeled nevomelanocytes, regardless of whether they were within the epidermis or dermis, although, in half of the dysplastic nevi, the reaction was heterogeneous, with some atypical cells failing to stain. But, with cytologically atypical junctional component (dysplastic-appearing), congenital nevi also stained heterogeneously for S-100 protein compared with the dermal component. NSE stained the central component of some Spitz nevi more intensely than the lateral component. Junctional nevomelanocytic subsets of some congenital nevi revealed HMB.45 and S-100 reactivity similar to dysplastic nevi.
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PMID:Typical, dysplastic, congenital, and Spitz nevi: a comparative immunohistochemical study. 229 3

We report a case of neuroendocrine tumour of the uterine cervix (carcinoid) with spread to the corpus and adnexa, and hepatic metastases. Carcinoid represents a rare entity among tumours of the uterine cervix, and is now included among the APUD system-derived tumours (apudomas). Gross examination revealed an enlarged uterus (11 x 7 cm) with neoplastic infiltration of the endocervical canal and uterine corpus, and yellowish-white nodules in both ovaries. Microscopic features were those of a malignant trabecular carcinoid (Morson's type I-II). Morphological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies were performed. Grimelius stain and antisera to NSE and bombesin yielded positive reactions. Focal positivity was seen with EMA, and probably expressed an epidermoid component. On the basis of a review of the literature, we classify our case within the differentiated neuroectodermic tumours, despite the extremely aggressive biologic behavior already present at surgery. Combined use of histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques is the correct approach to the histopathologic diagnosis of malignancies with rare and difficult features.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine tumour of the uterine cervix. Cytomorphologic, histochemical and immunohistochemical aspects. 275 64

We report 7 cases of unusual fibroadenomas of the breast. They are characterized by an exuberant cellular proliferation within the ductal lumens. They appear in young women from 20 to 40 years old. These lesions are histologically identical to those described by Azzopardi (1979) under the name of "Argyrophilic cells in fibroadenomas" and by Eusebi and Azzopardi (1980) and by Govoni (1981) and called "Lobular endocrine neoplasia in fibroadenoma of the Breast". An immunohistochemical study reveals a major positivity of these cells, in all cases, with Antikeratin Antibody (anti Kl1) and with Epithelial Membrane Antigen (anti EMA) proving the epithelial origin of these cells. There cells cannot yet be regarded as belonging to the neuro-endocrine group, because of the negativity, in all cases of Grimelius and Bodian stains, and of the very heterogeneous positivity observed with Neuron-Specific Enolase antibody (anti NSE) and with anti Human Natural Killer antibody (anti HNK). These cellular proliferations seem to us, on the microscopical point of view related to the atypical epithelial hyperplasias of the breast, and different from the in situ lobular carcinoma. Thus we propose to call these lesions "variant of the breast fibroadenoma" characterized by an atypical epithelial clear cell hyperplasia. The treatment of these lesions merely consists of a lumpectomy. Only one case is associated with an eleven years free of disease follow-up: a follow-up comprised between on to fifteen months is observed in the others cases. The knowledge of these benign lesions appears to us very important, to avoid improper treatment caused by an erroneous diagnosis of carcinoma developing in a breast fibroadenoma.
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PMID:[Fibroadenoma of the breast with atypical clear-cell epithelial hyperplasia. Apropos of 7 cases. Immunohistochemical study]. 352 28

Eleven cases of olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) were studied histopathologically, ultrastructurally and immunohistochemically. Light microscopical examination showed the tumor cell nests separated by fibrous connective tissue (present in 10/11 ONB), Homer-Wright rosette and/or Flexner rosette (9/11 ONB) and acidophilic fibrillary background (8/11 ONB). Ultrastructurally, there were neurosecretory granules (2/2 ONB) and neurofibrils (1/2 ONB) in cytoplasm of tumor cells. A panel of antibodies were used to characterize the immunohistochemical staining profile of ONB. The following results were obtained for the 11 neoplasms that were immunostained: NSE 11/11 (+), S-100 3/11 (+), Vimentin 4/11 (+), Keratin 1/11 (+) and NF, EMA, CEA, LCA all negative respectively. The significance of the morphological and immunohistochemical features of ONB in diagnosis and differential diagnosis were discussed.
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PMID:[Olfactory neuroblastoma: a histopathological ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of 11 cases]. 778 Nov 15

Antigen retrieval (AR) incorporating high-temperature microwave (MW) heating of tissue sections before immunostaining is a revolutionary technique that can unmask the antigens in formalin-fixed tissue sections, thus making them available for immunohistochemical staining. Although high temperature is believed to be the primary mechanism in retrieval of antigens, a variety of chemical solutions have been tested to define an optimal AR solution. We tested the hypothesis that pH of the AR solution may influence the quality of immunostaining by using seven different AR buffer solutions at a series of different pH values ranging from 1 to 10. We evaluated the staining of monoclonal antibodies to cytoplasmic antigens (AE1, HMB45, NSE), nuclear antigens (MIB-1, PCNA, ER), and cell surface antigens (MT1, L26, EMA) on routinely formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections under different pH conditions with MW heating for 10 min. The intensity of immunostaining was graded in a blinded fashion. The pH value of the AR buffer solution was carefully measured before, immediately after, and 15 min after the AR procedure. The influence of pH on AR immunohistochemical staining can be summarized into three patterns. Some antigens (L26, PCNA, AE1, EMA, and NSE) showed excellent retrieval throughout the pH range. Other antigens (MIB1 and ER) showed strong intensity of immunohistochemical staining at very low pH and at neutral to high pH, but a dramatic decrease in the intensity of the AR immunostaining at moderately acidic pH (pH 3-6). Still others (MT1 and HMB45) showed increasing intensity of the AR immunostaining with increasing pH, but only weak immunostaining at low pH. Among the seven buffer solutions at any given pH value, the intensity of AR immunostaining was very similar. However, Tris-HCl buffer tended to produce better results at higher pH, compared with other buffers. Although high-temperature heating is believed to be the most important factor for the AR technique, the pH value of the AR solution is an important co-factor for some antigens. Optimization of the AR system should therefore include optimization of the pH of the AR solution. Our results indicate that AR immunostaining of Tris-HCl or sodium acetate buffer at pH 8-9 may be suitable for most antigens, although certain nuclear antigens show optimal staining at low pH.
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PMID:Antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry under the influence of pH using monoclonal antibodies. 782 75

Prostate cancer with marked neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation belongs to the hormone resistant carcinomas. We report the development of TSH-secreting small cell prostate cancer (SCPC) from high grade adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 8) with an elevated number of chromogranin A positive cells located in benign structures adjacent to the cancer. Conversion to SCPC was followed-up during 4 years. The initial adenocarcinoma exerted a stronger positivity for PAP than for PSA (respective staining indexes, Sls, 2.2 and 1.8, maximum staining 3.0). In the developed SCPC, 2 cell subpopulations that were derived from epithelial cells were found (positive stain for EMA and CEA, respectively) and from one of them originated CEA-positive liver metastases. Blood CEA and NSE levels were elevated in SCPC (284 ng/ml and 24.5 ng/ml). However, blood TPS level which reflects proliferation of epithelial cells was within the normal range. The development of a << pure >> sarcomatoid prostatic tumor from adenocarcinoma with 2 areas of similar differentiation grades (Gleason score 7 and 9-10) that initially differ in staining for PSA and PAP (SIs for PSA were 1.2 and 0.02 and for PAP were 1.6 and 0.02, respectively) was followed-up during 4 years of treatment with Estracyt. Adenocarcinoma tissue specimens was slightly CEA-positive. The disappearance of lower grade adenocarcinoma during treatment was accompanied by the development of sarcomatoid areas that were 100% vimentin positive. In the last year of follow-up the primary tumor was composed only of vimentin positive sarcomatoid cells with a slight positivity for Chromogranin A, NSE and ACTH. In parallel, normal serum PSA and PAP values and elevated CEA and NSE serotests (12.6 ng/ml and 24.7 ng/ml, respectively) were found. Blood TPS level was at the upper limit of the normal range. Scintigraphy revealed extensive liver metastases. The recorded data indicate (i) extremely poor prognoses associated with high grade adenocarcinomas that demonstrate stronger immunohistochemical positivity for PAP than that for PSA (ii), chromogranin A positive cells in benign structures adjacent to the cancer as a possible paracrine promoter of SCPC from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and (iii) a high degree of heterogeneity of both SCPC and sarcomatoid prostatic neoplasms with some evidence for definite links (EMA and CEA) to secretory epithelial cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical staining and serotest markers during development of a sarcomatoid and small cell prostate tumor. 784 May 15

To clarify the relationship between the neuroendocrine expression of prostatic carcinoma and prognosis, we studied immunohistochemically formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 30 cases of prostate cancer by means of neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation markers. The rate of NE positive-staining cases was 40% (12/30), and more than two kinds of NE markers were expressed in 9/12 cases. The NE markers were NSE (7 positive cases), Chromogranin-A (7), Calcitonin (2), Gastrin (2), hCG (4), S-100 Protein (2), Serotonin (3), EMA (23) and Lillie argentaffin staining (2). Follow-up of the 30 patients showed that NE negative tumors have a prognosis better than NE positive tumors (P < 0.005). Their poor prognosis is due to poor response to endocrine therapy, and the mechanism is that some neuropeptides secreted by NE cells affect the growth of tumor cells. Finally, how to improve the prognosis of the patients who have NE expression of their prostate cancer is discussed.
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PMID:[Relation between neuroendocrine expression of prostatic carcinoma and prognosis]. 803 80

Glomus tumors are benign lesions composed of vessels and glomocytes in varying proportions. The histological appearance of the tumors depend upon the ratio of the vascular to the glomus cells and their differentiation as well as upon the amount and composition of the stroma. The aim of the present study was the establishment of criteria for the distinction of glomus tumor-like malformations from neoplasms with glomus cell differentiation. Using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (vimentin, a-smooth muscle actin, desmin, pan-keratin, low molecular weight cytokeratin, EMA, NSE, S-100 protein, Factor VIII, a1-ACT) glomus tumors could be separated into three types: vascular, cellular with myxoid stroma and cellular, solid type. In the first two types the tumor growth is composed of all three components found in normal glomus body, but in a haphazard fashion and thus might be considered as tumor-like malformations. The third type is composed of perivascular arranged cells most of which acquire the phenotypical characteristics of glomocytes. This last tumor probably represent the neoplastic variant of the group of lesions designated by the term glomus tumor.
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PMID:Glomus tumor. A histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the various types. 806 87

Seven cases of PCNP were studied; 5 females and 2 males, ages ranging from 21 to 68 years (mean 39). All had asymptomatic masses located in the head (3), body (2), isthmus (1) and tail (1). In 4 of them fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was done and showed a diagnostic pattern with papillary clusters as well as isolated epithelial cells with monomorphic appearance, round nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli; 5 cases had a surgical resection and only 2 a biopsy due to unresectable tumors. Histologically, they showed the typical features of PCNP with solid, papillary, trabecular and cystic patterns. IHQ studies showed positivity for cytokeratin (n = 5), alpha-1-antitrypsin (n = 4), monoclonal NSE (n = 3), chromogranin (n = 3) and estrogen receptors (n = 1). All cases were negative for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, EMA and CEA. DNA analysis done with an image analyzer showed 4 diploid tumors, 2 diploid-tetraploid an 1 aneuploid tumor. One patient died because of postoperative complications and the remaining 6 are alive with a mean follow-up of 17 months (2-36). We emphasize the diagnostic appearance of the tumor on FNA, and the low grade malignant potential of this neoplasm supported by the predominance of diploid tumors. Our IHQ findings suggest both an exocrine and endocrine differentiation.
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PMID:[Papillary and cystic tumors of the pancreas. Clinico-pathological, cytopathological, immunohistochemical, and nuclear ploidy study]. 808 43

The parachordoma is a seldom, benign tumor of uncertain histogenesis. A case in a 25-year-old man is presented. The parachordoma in the present study reacted with antibodies to GFA, S-100, NSE and vimentin, but not with antibodies to EMA, keratin and NF. Differential diagnoses are the chordoma, the extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and the subcutaneous sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma. The immunohistochemical reactions of these tumors were compared and we found that the parachordoma had an immunologically different staining pattern. The parachordoma is thus immunologically different from the chordoma, the extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma and the subcutaneous sacrococcygeal myxopapillary ependymoma. We conclude that the parachordoma is an entity of its own. The immunohistochemical reactions indicate that the parachordoma is a neuroepithelial tumor with glial differentiation.
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PMID:Parachordoma of the sacrococcygeal region--a neuroepithelial tumor. 860 41


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