Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung carcinomas were studied immunohistochemically and the results were related to type of tissue sample (bronchoscopic biopsies, surgical specimens, autopsies). All cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, PKK-1, AE1/AE3) reacted with virtually all adenocarcinomas, most squamous, and 65% of the large cell carcinomas, while CAM 5.2 was most efficient with the small cell carcinomas. CEA stained 33% and 60% of the small and large cell carcinomas, respectively, most adenocarcinomas, and 84% of the squamous cell carcinomas, among which staining decreased with dedifferentiation and was often focal. EMA reacted with 90%, and NSE with 20% of all histological types. There was no staining for NF. All antibodies, except EMA, were more efficient with surgical specimens. Our study implies that the cytokeratins we used work better with surgical material, but are generally comparable to monospecific cytokeratin antibodies. Also, EMA is a reliable marker for epithelial differentiation with all types of tissue samples. Moreover, CEA negativity in several poorly differentiated lung carcinomas might have implications in the differential diagnosis against pleural mesothelioma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of 158 lung carcinomas. 128 Jan 49

A heterogenous mostly neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma was found in a gallbladder resected from a 75-year-old man suffering from CLL. It progressed along bile ducts into choledochus, into omentum and liver. Its histology was characterized by solid alveoli and small cell trabeculae with a high mitotic activity, dissociated infiltration in some parts and desmoplasia. Sometimes a typical adenocarcinomatous differentiation could be found out. Tumour cells produced immunohistological expression of EMA, CEA, NSE and CHG and had Grimelius silver impregnation positivity. Neuroendocrine gallbladder carcinomas used to be more aggressive than carcinomas of another type, can cause an endocrine syndrome and claim a special treatment.
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PMID:[Heterogeneous carcinoma of the gallbladder with neuroendocrine differentiation]. 132 Oct 5

Primary small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) is extremely rare. Twenty-two cases similar to the small cell carcinoma of the lung in histological features were diagnosed in this hospital during the past 30 years. Clinically, this tumor was highly malignant, rapidly growing and poor in prognosis. In our series, 18 of the 22 patients had died and 11 of them did so in about six months postoperatively. Histologically, 11 were of pure small cell type, 5 intermediate cell type and 6 combined small cell type. Neurosecretory granules were observed by electron microscopy in two cases. The results of immunohistochemical study with ABC method were as follow: EMA + 17/18, Keratin + 1/18, NSE + 9/18, S-100 protein + 1/18, but Chromogranin and Vimentin were negative. All the findings suggest that a small cell carcinoma of the esophagus may well be squamous, glandular, or neurosecretory differentiation, therefore supporting the opinion that this tumor is of total potential stem cell origin and that it may derive from the endoderm.
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PMID:[Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study on 22 cases of small cell carcinoma of the esophagus]. 165 17

A primary carcinoid tumor of testis was studied. The tumor cells showed a strong positive reaction to argyrophil or argentaffin stainings, and neuroendocrine granules were identified by electron microscopy. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells expressed various markers such as those for NSE, synaptophysin, CG, Leu-7, 5-HT, HCG, cytokeratin, EMA, CEA and PACP, which indicated the special multiple directions of differentiation of cells possessing neuroendocrinal, epithelial or carcinoembryonic behavior.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical demonstration of neurohormonal polypeptides in primary carcinoid tumor of testis]. 171 56

Three cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin studied by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods, are presented. It is generally accepted that these tumors originate from Merkel's cells. Some consider that they belong to the group of APUD-omas. Positive findings of epithelial (EMA, CAM 5.2) and neuroedocrine marker (NSE) in these three cases support the hypothesis of neuroendocrine differentiation in a neoplasm of epithelial origin.
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PMID:[Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell tumor)]. 209 74

The reaction pattern found in thirteen different pulmonary blastomas was tested with four different polyclonal and six different monoclonal antibodies using the avidin-biotin-reaction. Immunohistochemically, the tumours showed positive reactions, both with antibodies that are considered to be epithelial markers (K11, EMA), and with antibodies that indicate a differening mesenchymal differentiation (vimentine, desmine, protein-S100). It was not possible to label any tumour cells with the antibodies anti-beta-HCG, anti-NSE, anti-lysozyme or anti-CEA. The negative response of the CEA reaction can be useful for the differentiation from pulmonary adenocarcinoma, in particular in the case of tumours with highly differentiated glandular components.
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PMID:[Pulmonary blastoma. Immunohistochemical characterization of heteromorphic tumor components]. 219 30

Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland is an uncommon neoplasm that was recently described by Carney et al. (1987). It is important to recognize this tumor, considered benign, as it may mimic papillary carcinoma, medullary carcinoma or paraganglioma. We present two cases with histological and immunohistochemical criteria and discuss the diagnostic problems. Grossly, this small tumor is yellow tan and well circumscribed. The epithelial cells, polygonal or elongated and sharply outlined, have an eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm. The nuclei are oval or elongated, with often non-visible nucleoli. Grooved nuclei are quite frequent. Mitotic figures are very uncommon. The cells are arranged in clusters or trabeculae or pseudofollicles containing colloid material. Characteristically the cells, arranged shoulder to shoulder, can show a palisade pattern. The fibrovascular stroma appears hyaline, pseudoamyloid (Congo red staining is negative). The tumor cells show intense staining for thyroglobulin and no staining for thyrocalcitonin. Immunoreactivity for cytokeratin, vimentin, protein S100, NSE is positive but staining is negative for EMA and desmin. In one case, the tumor cells show little positivity for chromogranin A. The variable patterns of this tumor can lead to diagnostic problems. We can exclude the diagnosis of papillary carcinoma as this tumor lacks any true papillary architecture. We reject the diagnosis of medullary carcinoma because of its thyroglobulin and calcitonin immunoreactivity. Paraganglioma never shows immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin. Very often the surrounding thyroid tissue shows focal thyroiditis. The association of the tumor with Hashimoto's thyroiditis can be explained by an autoimmune process.
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PMID:[Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid gland. Histologic and immunohistochemical study. Report of 2 cases]. 228 55

A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma arising in the chest wall of a 15-year-old male is reported in this paper. His complaint was chest and back pain. Physical examination and laboratory data disclosed no abnormality. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed chest wall tumor, and resection of the tumor with a portion of the eighth rib was performed. Histologically, there was no involvement of the rib at all. The tumor tissue was composed of solidly packed tumor cells which were uniform in size and shape. Individual tumor cells were small, round-shaped, and had scanty, ill-defined cytoplasm. The diastase-digested, PAS positive material was found in the cytoplasm. NSE (neuron specific enolase) was positive, but EMA (epithelial membrane antigen) LCA (leucocyte common antigen), and keratin were negative. With these results, we got a diagnosis of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma. Combination chemotherapy with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, actinomycin D was administered after operation, and there is no evidence of recurrence after 12 months of follow-up.
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PMID:[A case of extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma of the chest wall]. 231 13

Follicular, papillary, anaplastic and medullary cancers of the thyroid were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. The following antibodies were used: anti-S-100, antineuron-specific enolase (NSE), antikeratin, antithyroglobulin, anticalcitonin, anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), antiepithelial membrane antigen (EMA); the following hormones were also tested in the medullary carcinoma: gastrin, ACTH and serotonin. Papillary and follicular carcinoma in particular reacted with anti-S-100 and anti-NSE; the anaplastic neoplasia reacted with anti-S-100 (25%), anti-NSE (12%), antikeratin (12%), antithyroglobulin (12%), anti-CEA (37%) and anti-EMA (37%). Medullary carcinoma reacted with anticalcitonin (100%), anti-CEA (96%), anti-NSE (79%), anti-EMA (4%) and anti-S-100 (17%). We were not able to correlate the virulence of the medullary carcinoma with the anticalcitonin and anti-CEA reactivity, while the hyperplastic C cells were immunoreactive both with calcitonin or with CEA.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study in thyroid cancer. 244 41

Six cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast were reviewed. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out for actin, S-100 protein, EMA, keratin, CEA, vimentin, NSE, alpha-lactalbumin, and lysozyme. Fine needle aspiration biopsy smears of five patients were also reexamined. Patients were treated by tumorectomy, quadrantectomy, or modified radical mastectomy. Axillary dissection was carried out in five cases, with negative lymph nodes in all. Five patients are alive without evidence of disease from 1 year 10 months to 13 years 4 months following surgery. One patient died 7 1/4 years after mastectomy, without evidence of disease. Histologically, a diagnostic biphasic cellular pattern was seen in all cases. In addition, several unusual features were encountered in some cases: squamous metaplasia, stromal myxoid pseudocartilaginous foci, and well-formed neoplastic ducts. Actin and/or S-100 protein were variably positive in all cases. The reaction was usually present in occasional basaloid cells predominantly at the periphery of neoplastic structures. Keratin, EMA, and CEA immunostaining disclosed ductal type cells in all cases. Vimentin was positive in four cases, usually in many basaloid cells. Aspiration cytology was suspicious in two cases and yielded a definitive diagnosis of ACC in three cases. Cytologic diagnosis was based on cellular morphology and on the presence of characteristic globoid structures. Immunohistochemical results show that in ACC dual myoepithelial-ductal differentiation occurs but is relatively limited. Most of the tumor cells are not differentiated ("indifferent" cells) and often express strong vimentin positivity. Such cells are regarded as precursor cells for either differentiated element. Unusual metaplastic changes in breast ACC suggest a possible relation with pleomorphic adenoma-type tumors, and this might be of prognostic significance.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: a histologic, cytologic, and immunohistochemical study. 247 45


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