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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) with coexisting areas of high grade carcinoma are reported. In two of the cases there was a previous recurrence, and in all three patients there had been a sudden increase in size before final surgery. The typical ductal and myoepithelial components of EMC showed the usual biphasic pattern and the expected immunophenotypes, with expression of wide spectrum cytokeratins, Cam 5.2 and EMA in the ductal part, and muscle-specific actin, smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein, vimentin and cytokeratins in the myoepithelial component. These areas also had a low mitotic count and low proliferation rate as measured by immunohistochemistry and by flow cytometry. Conversely, areas of high-grade tumour had the features of a large cell carcinoma, with focal mucin secretion in two cases. This high-grade component showed an epithelial immunophenotype in two cases, and was negative for all tested markers in the third one. The mitotic counts and the proliferation rates were much higher in these anaplastic areas. One of the patients died 3 months after treatment; another developed lymph node metastases 1 year later and was alive after 6 years of follow-up. The third patient was alive without evidence of disease 7 months after wide surgical resection of the tumour. The possibility of anaplastic transformation in EMC makes thorough sampling mandatory in this type of neoplasm.
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PMID:High-grade carcinoma component in epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and flow-cytometric study of three cases. 1033 39

A case of cerebral meningioangiomatosis in an adult man without any stigmata of neurofibromatosis is reported. A 22 year-old man with no previous neurological history, presented with adversive seizures; clinical examination and electro-encephalogram were normal. CT showed nodular calcified masses in the left frontal lobe and in the left posterior parietal area. A craniotomy was performed and the frontal lesion was excised. Histological examination showed a predominantly intracerebral tumour involving both grey and white matter, with a complex picture of variable cellularity, dense calcification and prominent perivascular arrangements of reticulin-rich spindle cell fascicles with palisade formation widely involving the brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry for S100 protein varied between different parts of the tumour; there was focal positivity for S100 protein and smooth muscle actin in the lesion with no reaction for GFAP or EMA. Immunostaining for Factor 8-related antigen highlighted the perivascular arrangement of lesional cells and demonstrated an increase in the number of small vessels in other areas. Electron microscopy of the main mass showed elongated spindle cells with formation of pericellular basal lamina. The literature on meningioangiomatosis was reviewed. The evidence for meningeal, perivascular neural plexus or pericyte origin does not appear to be well founded. The present case further illustrates the difficulty in identifying an exact histogenetic cell and probably reflects an origin from a primitive perivascular mesenchymal cell.
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PMID:Meningioangiomatosis: a case report and review of the literature. 1061 86

A variety of cytomorphological features, architectural patterns and stromal changes may be observed in malignant melanomas. Hence, melanomas may mimic carcinomas, sarcomas, benign stromal tumours, lymphomas, plasmacytomas and germ cell tumours. Melanomas may be composed of large pleomorphic cells, small cells, spindle cells and may contain clear, signet-ring, pseudolipoblastic, rhabdoid, plasmacytoid or balloon cells. Various inclusions and phagocytosed material may be present in their cytoplasm. Nuclei may show bi- or multi-nucleation, lobation, inclusions, grooving and angulation. Architectural variations include fasciculation, whorling, nesting, trabeculation, pseudoglandular/pseudopapillary/pseudofollicular, pseudorosetting and angiocentric patterns. Myxoid or desmoplastic changes and very rarely pseudoangiosarcomatous change, granulomatous inflammation or osteoclastic giant cell response may be seen in the stroma. The stromal blood vessels may exhibit a haemangiopericytomatous pattern, proliferation of glomeruloid blood vessels and perivascular hyalinization. Occasionally, differentiation to nonmelanocytic structures (Schwannian, fibro-/myofibroblastic, osteocartilaginous, smooth muscle, rhabdomyoblastic, ganglionic and ganglioneuroblastic) may be observed. Typically melanomas are S100 protein, NKIC3, HMB-45, Melan-A and tyrosinase positive but some melanomas may exhibit an aberrant immunophenotype and may express cytokeratins, desmin, smooth muscle actin, KP1 (CD68), CEA, EMA and VS38. Very rarely, neurofilament protein and GFAP positivity may be seen.
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PMID:Morphological and immunophenotypic variations in malignant melanoma. 1079 80

Sixteen cases of fibroadenomas with epithelial proliferative lesions (EP lesions) with histologic features resembling those of epithelial hyperplasia, sclerosing adenosis, and microglandular adenosis, and four cases of carcinomas in fibroadenomas (CA lesions) were studied histopathologically and immunohistochemically. The CA lesions included one intraductal carcinoma, two invasive ductal carcinomas, and one lobular carcinoma in situ. The histologic features of the EP lesions and CA lesions were fundamentally the same as those of carcinomas commonly observed in the mammary gland. Immunohistochemically, smooth muscle actin was useful in the detection of myoepithelial cells, particularly in EP lesions of the adenosis type (sclerosing adenosis or microglandular adenosis), and in distinguishing carcinoma. The differences between EP lesions and CA lesions of sites of immunoreactivity to CA15-3, CEA, and EMA were also helpful for differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Epithelial Proliferative Lesions and Carcinomas in Fibroadenomas of the Breast. 1109 21

Presentation of a case of a "central type" neurofibromatosis in a 56-year old woman, clinically diagnosed erroneously as multiple sclerosis with a 20 years long course. Disturbances of hearing, walking, sight, sensitivity, incontinentia, intracranial hypertension and headache represented the main symptoms. More than 120 intracranial and tens of intraspinal meningiomas represented the leading postmortem finding. In a lesser frequency spinal plexiform neurofibromas and schwannomas were also found. The death was attributed to aspiration purulent bronchopneumonia. Various types of meningioma were seen microscopically, including secretory type and a type with amyloid. Immunostaining was positive with S-100 protein and EMA. Negative expression was found with vimentin, CEA, smooth muscle actin, estrogen and progesterone receptors, amyloid A and cytokeratins. With regard to the presence or absence of key morphological features the presented case was placed according to Sobol et al. (29) into the seventh category of neurofibromatosis (NF7).
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PMID:[Multiple intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas in the neurocristopathy (phacomatosis) type of neurofibromatosis]. 1137 7

A case of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland harboring p53 mutation is reported. The tumor removed from a 67-year-old Japanese female was composed of an organoid biphasic population of cells: inner dark epithelial cells were surrounded by clear myoepithelial cells. The cells were immunopositive for EMA and smooth muscle actin, respectively. Some of the epithelial cells formed solid nests. Immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) resulted in a higher percentage of labeled cells in the solid epithelial region than in the region with the more general biphasic pattern. Genetic analysis, including polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and nucleotide sequencing, revealed a mutation in codon 207 (aspartic acid to glycine) of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mutation in the p53 gene in an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary gland.
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PMID:Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma harboring p53 mutation. 1146 4

An 87-year-old man presented with hematuria and dysuria. An endoscopic examination revealed a bladder mucosa which was almost entirely occupied by diverticula. On the left lateral wall of the bladder there was a huge diverticulum which contained a 12 cm mass extending beyond the bladder wall in the extraperitoneal tissues. Upon histological examination the mass proved to be a carcinosarcoma which was composed by a squamous carcinoma and a sarcoma resembling a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The two components, i.e. carcinomatous and sarcomatous, were separated by a sharp collision border and no intermingling was ever noted. The epithelial component showed immunoreactivity for cytokeratin and EMA, while the mesenchymal component was diffusely reactive for vimentin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and lysozime. Both components were reactive for galectin-3, whereas S100, desmin and smooth muscle actin were negative. This is the fourth reported case of carcinosarcoma originating in a bladder diverticulum.
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PMID:Rare presentation of carcinosarcoma arising in bladder diverticulum. 1148 92

AIM:To further clarify the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features, and prognostic aspect of basaloid squamous carcinoma (BSC), a rare esophageal carcinoma.METHODS:We reviewed 763 documented cases of esophageal malignancies from year (1977-1996) from our hospital, and discovered 16 (2.1%) cases of BSC. The clinicopathological features of these cases were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (S-P method), histochemical stains, and electron microscopy were used to further characterize the neoplasm.RESULTS:The tumors were classified into stages I(n =1), II A (n =6), II B(n =2), II (n =5), and IV(n =2) according to the criteria of the UICC TNM classification system of malignant tumors (1987). Most neoplasms were located in the mid third of the esophagus. Grossly, they had a similar appearance of conventional esophageal carcinoma, but showed a typical cytoarchitectural pattern of BSC histologically. The most important histologic feature of this tumor is carcinoma with a basaloid pattern, intimately associated with squamous cell carcinoma, dysplasia, or focal squamous differentiation. The basaloid cells were round to oval in shape with scant cytoplasm, arranged mainly in the form of solid, smooth-contoured lobules with peripheral palisading.A panel of immunostains were used for the basaloid component of the tumor with the following results:CK(Pan) 14/16(+); EMA 16/16 (+); Vimentin 4/16 (+); S-100 protein 7/16 (+). CEA and smooth muscle actin were negative. Electron microscopy (EM) revealed that the basaloid cells were poorly differentiated, with a few desmosomes and fibrils, and numerous free and polyribosome. Of the 11 patients with adequate follow-up 8 died within 2 years, with an average survival time of 16.2 months.No stage II,III or IV cases survived beyond 5 years. The one-year survival rate was 60% and two-year 20%.CONCLUSION:The BSC of esophagus is a distinct clinicopathological entity with poor prognosis. The cellular differentiation and biologic behavior of esophageal BSC were assumed to occupy a station intermediate between that of conventional squamous cell carcinoma and small undifferentiated cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Basaloid squamous carcinoma of esophagus:a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic study of sixteen cases. 1181 30

A 69-year-old japanese female with epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) in the parotid gland is reported. The tumor, 3.5 x 4.0 x 1.5 cm in size, was located in the left parotid gland. Histopathological examination of the surgically removed tumor revealed that it was composed of double-layered, tubule-like structures formed by inner eosinophilic ductal cells and outer clear cells, as well as solid clear cell nests. The unique histological finding of this tumor was that it had a cribriform-like arrangement of myoepithelial cells resembling an adenoid cystic carcinoma. On the other hand, the typical ductal and myoepithelial components of EMC showed the usual biphasic pattern and the expected immunophenotypes, with expression of low molecular weight cytokeratins, CAM 5.2 and EMA in the ductal part, and smooth muscle actin, S-100 protein, and vimentin in the myoepithelial component.
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PMID:Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland with adenoid cystic carcinoma-like features: a case report with immunohistochemical study. 1183 58

Myofibroblastoma of the breast is a rare benign neoplasm, which has rarely been reported in association with gynecomastia. We report a case of a 25-year-old male patient with an epithelioid myofibroblastoma arising in a context of bilateral gynecomastia. The lesion was composed of nests and cords of epithelioid cells, with round to oval nuclei, granular chromatin, and distinct nucleoli dispersed in a myxoid to collagenous stroma with marked vascular proliferation. Immunohistochemical profile showed diffuse positivity for vimentin and focal immunoreactivity for desmin, whereas cytokeratins (CAM5.2 and AE1/AE3), EMA, alpha smooth muscle actin, actin HHF35, CEA, S100, factor VIII, neuron-specific enolase, CD31, and CD34 were all negative. We emphasize that this diagnosis is difficult to establish, owing to the rarity of this variant and clinical presentation.
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PMID:Mammary epithelioid myofibroblastoma arising in bilateral gynecomastia: case report with immunohistochemical profile. 1257 52


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