Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (GCTS) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are common synovial "tumors." Their immunohistochemical profile, however, has not been well characterized, and uncertainty exists regarding their histogenesis and relationship to fibroma of tendon sheath. In an effort to clarify these uncertainties and to better define the immunohistochemical profile of GCTS/PVNS, we examined formalin fixed tissue from 35 specimens of GCTS, 12 specimens of PVNS, and three cases of reactive synovitis using avidin biotin complex (ABC) and streptavidin immunohistochemical methods. Antibodies to vimentin, CD68, HAM56, cytokeratins, EMA, S100, HMB45, leukocyte common antigen, CD34, desmin, and smooth muscle actin were used in the study. The proliferating mononuclear cells and surface synovial cells in GCTS/PVNS and reactive synovitis stained positively for CD68, HAM56, and vimentin only. Multinucleated cells stained for CD68, vimentin, and leukocyte common antigen. All other stains were negative. Our results suggest that GCTS/PVNS are tumors of synovial cell origin, and do not support an association between GCTS and fibroma of tendon sheath.
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PMID:Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath and pigmented villonodular synovitis: immunophenotype suggests a synovial cell origin. 861 90

Microwave oven (mwo) is used to stimulate tissue fixation and to retrieve antigens damaged by fixation. Heavy metal salt solutions, water, and citric acid buffer (cab) have been suggested for this purpose. A serie of tumors treated with cab and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) with mwo were studied immunohistochemically with 24 antibodies. Controls were treated in the same way, except for microwaving. The antibodies were directed against antigens of the following tumors: breast and prostate carcinoma, carcinoid, lymphoma and melanoma. The results showed that cab enhanced the immunoreactivity of the following antigens: estrogen receptors (AMAC), progesterone receptors (Novocastra), HMB45, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, PCNA, p53, MIB-1 (Ki-67) and prostatic specific antigen. The antigens that did not improve their immunoreactivity, when compared with the control series were: factor VIII, keratin, Leu 22, L26, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, chromogranin, HBME-1, smooth muscle actin and EMA. Microwaving equally improved protein S100 and desmin either with cab or pbs. The only antigen that improved with pbs was actin. The results with B72.3 and NKI/C3 were poor and not reliable. In conclusion microwaving with cab enhances the immunoreactivity of the antibodies mentioned above leading to an increase in sensibility without loosing specificity.
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PMID:[Antigen retrieval by microwave oven with buffer of citric acid]. 799 28

Glomus tumors are benign lesions composed of vessels and glomocytes in varying proportions. The histological appearance of the tumors depend upon the ratio of the vascular to the glomus cells and their differentiation as well as upon the amount and composition of the stroma. The aim of the present study was the establishment of criteria for the distinction of glomus tumor-like malformations from neoplasms with glomus cell differentiation. Using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (vimentin, a-smooth muscle actin, desmin, pan-keratin, low molecular weight cytokeratin, EMA, NSE, S-100 protein, Factor VIII, a1-ACT) glomus tumors could be separated into three types: vascular, cellular with myxoid stroma and cellular, solid type. In the first two types the tumor growth is composed of all three components found in normal glomus body, but in a haphazard fashion and thus might be considered as tumor-like malformations. The third type is composed of perivascular arranged cells most of which acquire the phenotypical characteristics of glomocytes. This last tumor probably represent the neoplastic variant of the group of lesions designated by the term glomus tumor.
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PMID:Glomus tumor. A histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the various types. 806 87

Atypical fibroxanthoma is a superficial variant of pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Histopathologically, it is characterized by a dermal nodule composed of bizarre cells arranged in a haphazard-to-fascicular pattern. These cells are spindle or rounded, pleomorphic and with numerous atypical mitotic figures. Some cells appear polygonal with ample and foamy cytoplasm. We recently encountered two elderly patients with atypical fibroxanthoma on their face. Histopathologically, one of the lesions was composed, almost entirely, of clear cells, whereas in the other one aggregations of clear cells constituted a half of the neoplasm. Atypical multinucleated cells with a Touton-like appearance were present. In addition to clear cells, areas of more conventional atypical spindle cells arranged in fascicles were seen, supporting the diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma. PAS staining failed to demonstrate glycogen in neoplastic cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that neoplastic cells expressed positivity for vimentin, muscle-specific actin, and alpha smooth muscle actin, whereas cytokeratin, S-100 protein, EMA, CEA, and desmin were negative. Ultrastructural studies showed that neoplastic cells contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and numerous lipid vacuoles within the cytoplasm. Clear-cell atypical fibroxanthoma is a rare variant of atypical fibroxanthoma that should be differentiated from other clear-cell neoplasms of the skin.
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PMID:Clear-cell atypical fibroxanthoma: an uncommon histopathologic variant of atypical fibroxanthoma. 908 54

We report two cases of a previously unrecognized neoplasm, each characterized by prominent lobular configuration in the subcutaneous tissue. Within the neoplasms were distinctive garland-shaped structures composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positive cells with indistinct borders, encased in concentric loops of fine collage fibers. In some areas, the neoplastic cells were distributed in small lacunae. The extracellular space between the collagenous tissue and the cells was filled with copious myxoid matrix. One of the neoplasms also demonstrated areas with spindle cells which resembled leiomyoma. Immunohistochemistry was negative for smooth muscle actin (1A4), muscle actin (HHF35), S-100 protein, desmin, cytokeratin, KP1, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA.) Currently, both patients are free of recurrence or metastasis 2 and 4 years after primary surgical excision. The neoplasms, which we term benign polymorphous mesenchymal tumor of soft parts (BPMT), should be distinguished from ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts, extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, neoplasms arising in ectopic breast tissue and mixed tumor of the skin.
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PMID:Benign polymorphous mesenchymal tumor (mesenchymal hamartoma) of soft parts. Report of two cases. 918 15

Malignant eccrine spiradenoma (MES) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm of cutaneous adnexal origin. To date, 31 cases have been documented in the literature. We herein report an additional case of MES that arose in longstanding eccrine spiradenoma (ES). A 54-year-old woman was seen for a bluish nodular mass on the right flank that previously had been stable for 7 to 8 years and had recently increased in size and become tender. The excised mass (2.8 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm) had no attachment to the overlying epidermis. Microscopically, 2 to 3 sharply demarcated lobules were surrounded by a markedly thickened and hyalinized fibrous capsule. Of the lesion removed, approximately 20% of the tumor showed typical histologic features of benign ES. In the remaining malignant areas, the typical configuration of benign counterpart, consisting of peripheral rows of small dark basaloid cells and central layers of large pale cells partially forming lumina, was replaced with a massive solid proliferation of large pale cells showing nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, increased mitotic activity (reaching 12/10 HPF) and loss of PAS-positive basement membrane. There were multiple foci of florid squamous differentiation in the malignant portion. Cytokeratin, focally S-100 and EMA were expressed in large pale cells, whereas alpha smooth muscle actin and S-100 were positive in small dark basaloid cells. Focal reactivity of CEA and EMA was found in the central lumina. P53 was not expressed in benign areas, whilst in malignant areas an occasional nuclear reaction was disclosed.
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PMID:Malignant eccrine spiradenoma with florid squamous differentiation. 961 Jun 21

Although no animal is a perfect skin model for the study of toxicological and therapeutic agents, structurally the pig may be superior to even non-human primates. Because our work involves effects of toxicological and therapeutic agents on the skin, we wanted to identify stains which may prove useful as well as determine cross-reactivity of some newer antihuman antibodies. We performed a battery of formalin-fixed skin from weanling pigs and minipigs. The battery of antibodies included LCA, CD3, OPD-4, CD34, UCHL-1, L-26, KP-1, MAC-387, Factor XIIIa, Leu-7, S-100 protein, HMB-45, GFAP, synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, ubiquitin, vimentin, type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, Factor VIII related antigen, Desmin-M, smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, AEI/AE3, CAM 5.2, EMA, GCDFP, Ki-67, and PCNA. Immunohistochemical stains for CD3, Leu-7, S-100 protein, type IV collagen, laminin, Factor VIII related antigen, GFAP, synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, ubiquitin, smooth muscle actin, vimentin, Desmin-M, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, Ki-67 and PCNA showed consistent cross-reactivity. In formalin-fixed tissue, only antibodies to lymphoreticular cells showed poor cross-reactivity. A high percentage of the remaining antibodies did show good cross-reactivity but with some interesting similarities and differences in specificity.
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PMID:Sensitivity of cross-reacting antihuman antibodies in formalin-fixed porcine skin: including antibodies to proliferation antigens and cytokeratins with specificity in the skin. 974 58

Twelve cases are described of a distinctive benign soft tissue lesion that may be mistaken for a sarcoma. The tumors occurred in 11 men and a woman aged 33 to 81 years (mean, 64 years), and measured from 2 to 11 cm in greatest diameter (mean, 6 cm). They were grossly described as soft, well-circumscribed, yellow-gray, with a mucoid cut surface. All cases were superficially located in the subcutis or muscular fascia of the head and neck region or the chest and back. Histologically, the tumors were characterized by a proliferation of spindle or stellate fibroblastic cells variably admixed with mature adipose tissue embedded in an abundant myxoid and collagenized stroma. The spindle and stellate fibroblastic cells were characterized by slender dendritic prolongations of their cytoplasm, which appeared to extend for short distances along connective tissue planes. Electron microscopy in two cases confirmed the dendritic nature of the fibroblastic cells, which showed elongated cytoplasmic processes lacking external lamina and displaying foci of pinocytotic activity. Immunohistochemical studies in 11 cases showed strong positivity of the spindle cells with vimentin, CD34 and bcl-2, and negative staining for smooth muscle actin, muscle-specific actin (HHF35), desmin, S-100 protein, keratin, and EMA. Because of their prominent myxoid stroma and relatively large size, some of these tumors were initially misinterpreted as low-grade sarcomas. Clinical follow-up in five cases, however, showed that the patients were alive and well without evidence of recurrence between 5 and 13 years (mean follow-up, 8 years) after simple local excision. The present cases appear to represent a distinctive form of benign soft tissue neoplasm that should be distinguished from myxoid liposarcoma and other benign and malignant myxoid tumors of superficial soft tissues.
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PMID:Dendritic fibromyxolipoma: clinicopathologic study of a distinctive benign soft tissue lesion that may be mistaken for a sarcoma. 984 27

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma is a rare soft tissue tumor that primarily occurs in children and adolescents and has a strong predilection for the distal portion of the extremities, especially the hands and feet. This report describes 22 previously unpublished cases arising in uncommon sites. Fifteen patients were male, and seven were female (age range, 2 to 43 years; median age, 9 years). The process typically presented as a painless mass and was present from 2 weeks to 11 years before resection. Sites of involvement were the back (n=8), knee region (n=5), thigh (n=3), forearm (n=3), elbow (n=2), and arm, not otherwise specified (n=1). The lesions were often adherent to dense fibrous connective tissue (eg, tendon, fascia, or periosteum) and ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 cm in maximum dimension. The process typically had an irregular contour and a firm, fibrous consistency. Sometimes minute foci with a calcific appearance were evident grossly. Microscopic examination showed spindled fibroblasts with a fascicular growth pattern and scattered epithelioid cells bordering chondroid foci with or without mineralization. Immunoreactivity was present for vimentin (six of six), muscle-specific actin (three of six), smooth muscle actin (three of six), CD99 (five of five), CD34 (one of six), CD57 (one of six, trace), EMA (two of six, trace), S100 protein (five of six), CD68 (five of five), and progesterone receptor (one of six). The tumors were managed by local excision (n=20), incomplete local excision (n=1) and biopsy only (n=1). Follow-up information was available for 10 patients with a median follow-up interval of 94 months. Five patients (50%) developed one or more recurrences. Familiarity with this entity should help to avoid confusion with other processes, including infantile and extraabdominal fibromatoses, a chondroma of soft parts, and a fibrous hamartoma of infancy.
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PMID:Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma: a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases arising in uncommon sites. 986 39

The development of stromal sarcomas on the foci of endometriosis is extremely rare and the differential diagnosis from other tumors of myogenic, vascular, hemopoietic or epithelial origin may present great diagnostic difficulties. We investigated the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 4 cases of endometrial stromal sarcoma that developed on endometriotic foci of the uterus, vagina and omentum. Thye were classed as high grade (1/4) or low grade (3/4) malignant potential tumors, according to their mitotic activity. Immunohistochemically these tumors gave a positive reaction to vimentin, but were negative to desmin, smooth muscle actin, factor VIII, EMA and LCA. These characteristics permit their identification and a proper therapeutic approach.
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PMID:Stromal sarcoma arising on endometriosis. A clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 4 cases. 1021 49


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