Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of keratins, CEA, EMA, and rat liver antigen (RLA) and the presence of Ki67+ proliferating cells were studied in the epithelial linings of 50 odontogenic cysts using an indirect immunoperoxidase method on acetone-fixed frozen sections. All cysts were positive with monoclonal antibodies of broad keratin specificity (CK1, AE1-3), and between 40 and 100 per cent of epithelial cells expressed keratins 13 and 19. Keratins 7, 8, and 18 were rarely expressed although surface cells in areas of mucous metaplasia often expressed keratins 7 and 18. Expression of keratin 10/11 was related to the presence of a well-ordered epithelial lining and was detected in isolated cells in 4/32 non-keratinizing cysts and in the upper suprabasal cell layers of 17/18 keratocysts. Although CEA, EMA, and RLA were detected in the epithelium of all specimens, the pattern of expression of CEA and EMA differed between cyst types. Ki67+ proliferating cells were most prevalent in keratocyst epithelia, where they were usually found within lower suprabasal layers which were negative or weakly positive for keratins 10/11 and 13. These results indicate differences in keratin, CEA, and EMA expression between cyst types which appear to be dependent on epithelial differentiation/structure rather than cyst type or histogenesis. Although these differences may not be of diagnostic significance, the consistent expression of both keratins 13 and 19 may provide a useful marker of odontogenic epithelium in general.
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PMID:Epithelial cell markers and proliferating cells in odontogenic jaw cysts. 246 98

The typical example of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) or dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (DFSP) does not require ancillary studies for diagnosis. However, hemorrhage with cystic change consisting of blood-filled spaces may closely mimic a vascular neoplasm. Eight fibrohistiocytic sarcomas exhibiting these angiomatoid features, initially mistaken for vascular neoplasms, were identified from personal consultation files and review of 157 consecutive sarcomas (1985 through 1993) at the University of California-(Davis) Medical Center. They included five MFH giant-cell-type sarcomas, two MFH angiomatoid-type sarcomas, and one DFSP. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded material showed vimentin diffuse positive, CD68 (KP-1) diffuse positive, and factor VIII negative in all eight sarcomas; actin HHF-45 focal positive in six, diffuse positive in one, and negative in one sarcoma; desmin focal positive in two and negative in six sarcomas; and S100 protein, cytokeratin AE1:AE3, cytokeratin 10.11, and EMA negative in all eight sarcomas. Electron microscopy of three tumors exhibited neoplastic cells with fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and histiocytic features. Weibel-Palade bodies or neolumens diagnostic of vascular differentiation were absent. The clinical characteristics and behavior of these sarcomas reflect entities in the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic lineage (MFH subtypes and DFSP) rather than vascular neoplasms. Patients with deep, large, giant-cell-type MFHs did poorly (two of four patients died from disease at 8 and 25 months). Both patients with angiomatoid MFHs showed local recurrences from large incompletely excised head and neck lesions. One died of disease at 21 months and the other is free of disease 12 months following excision of a local metastasis to the opposite side of the neck. The patient with DFSP had an 18-cm locally recurrent scalp tumor that extended into bone. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural confirmation of fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and histiocytic lineage and exclusion of vascular differentiation help to establish the correct diagnosis in these fibrohistiocytic sarcomas with angiomatoid features. The clinicopathologic features of these eight cases reaffirm the practical utility of MFH and DFSP as diagnostic entities in the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic sarcomas.
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PMID:Angiomatoid features in fibrohistiocytic sarcomas. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and clinical distinction from vascular neoplasms. 748 9

The expression of epithelial markers (cytokeratins, Filaggrin, BerEp4 and EMA), collagen IV and Ki67 was studied immunohistochemically in cholesteatoma and compared with that in epidermis of meatal skin, squamous epithelium of eardrum and simple epithelium of middle ear mucosa. MNF116 (cytokeratin 10, 17, 18) stained the full layer of normal epithelium and all cholesteatoma specimens. CK10 and Filaggrin were expressed in the upper layer of epidermis but more diffusely in cholesteatoma. BerEp4 was found in the basal layer of normal epithelium but was detected in most epithelial cells in cholesteatoma matrix. Variability was observed in EMA and CK14 immunostaining. Collagen IV was localized in the basement membrane of normal epithelium with a continuously staining pattern, an observation also made in the cholesteatomas studied. However, in one of these small areas the basement membrane was not stained with collagen IV. Ki67 was expressed in nuclei of the cells in the basal layer of normal epithelium but extended to epithelial cells in the upper layers of cholesteatoma matrix. The results of the present study indicate that the expression pattern of epithelial markers in cholesteatoma corresponds to that in normal epidermis. The increasing expression of BerEp4 and Ki67 confirms the hyperproliferative nature of cholesteatoma. Whether or not the lack of expression of collagen IV in one of the cholesteatomas reflects a true degradation of the basement membrane needs further investigation in extended materials.
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PMID:Antigen expression of epithelial markers, collagen IV and Ki67 in middle ear cholesteatoma. An immunohistochemical Study. 752 Nov 7

5 cases of basaloid-squamous carcinoma (BSC) of oesophagus were reported. Their pathological features were: 1. The main component of the tumors were basaloid carcinoma cells. 2. Concomitant squamous cell differentiation. 3. Comedo-like necrosis in the basaloid carcinoma component of the tumor. 4. Hyaline degeneration within the stroma of the basaloid carcinoma nests (PAS+). The immunohistochemistry of keratin 10.11, CEA and EMA in the basaloid carcinoma component of BSC were negative or weak positive, while actin and S-100 were positive in some parts of the tumor sections. This suggested that the carcinoma component was poorly differentiated and somewhat tended to differentiate toward myoepithelia or other directions. We therefore consider that the origin of BSC may be the primitive totipotential cell. BSC occurred more frequently in elderly males. The biological behavior of BSC was highly malignant. Regional lymph nodes or distant organ metastasis were usually found at the first operation. The mean survival period after operation was very short, BSC was therefore considered to be a specific clinicopathological entity.
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PMID:[Basaloid squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus: a distinctive clinico-pathological entity]. 754 May 7

During a systematic, immunocytochemical screening of 40 human cutaneous melanomas (30 primary and 10 metastatic) for immunophenotype (IP) heterogeneity, we employed a library of 20 well characterized, commercially available mono- and polyclonal antibodies. The use of the sensitive, indirect, four to six step immunoperoxidase or alkaline phosphatase conjugated streptavidin-biotin antigen detection technique provided excellent results. The immunocytochemically most characteristic IP for primary cutaneous melanoma, as detected by us was: HMB45+, S-100+, CEA+, vimentin+, cytokeratin 19+, p53+, Rbgene+, nm23+, HLA-DR+, HL.A-DP+, c-erbB3/HER-3+/-, cytokeratin 10/13+/-, HLA-DQ-, cytokeratin 5/8-, EMA-, c-myc-, and actin-. During melanoma progression, a tendency toward poor differentiation (dedifferentiation) and an increase in c-myc expression have both been observed, the latter downregulating HLA-A,B,C expression and consequently diminishing the possibility of melanoma cell Iysis by powerful CD8+, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) or other cytotoxic cells which requires HLA class I antigens. The development of the metastatic potential in melanomas caused an increase in CEA expression, eliminated the presence of nm23, and prompted the appearance of actin among the intermediate filaments, composing the cytoskeleton of these malignant tumor cells. The most characteristic IP for MMs, identified by this study was HMB45+, S-100+, CEA+, EMA+, vimentin+, HLA-DR+, HLA-DP+, cytokeratin 19+, actin-, c-erbB3/HER-3+, p53+, cytokeratin 10/13+/-, c-myc+/-, c-erbB2/HER-2+/-, HLA-DQ-, cytokeratin 5/8-, Rb gene-, nm23-. It has been observed that adhesion molecules and integrins play a significant role in the complex process of melanoma metastasis and thus we propose a blocking of these de novo expressed molecules with the appropriate antibodies as a form of immunotherapy of PMs and early stages of MMs.
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PMID:Immunophenotypically varied cell subpopulations in primary and metastatic human melanomas. Monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis, detection of neoplastic progression and receptor directed immunotherapy. 861 65

Applying immunohistochemical procedures for the detection of eight different cytokeratin (CK) polypeptides and other differentiation markers, we compared the staining patterns of normal cutaneous structures with those of benign adnexal tumors (n = 65). Syringomas exhibited a marker pattern highly reminiscent of that seen in normal dermal eccrine ducts (EMA in peripheral cells, CK 10 in intermediate cells, and CK 6, CK 19, and CEA in luminal cells). Nodular hidradenomas exhibited complex patterns suggesting relationship between tumor cells, including clear cells, and normal secretory coil cells (CK 7, CK 8, CK 19, and EMA); however, dermal-duct and epidermoid differentiation were also detectable. In both cylindromas and spiradenomas, zonal staining patterns were apparent: modified myoepithelial cells were positive for smooth-muscle-type actin, while the luminal cells mainly expressed ductal markers (CK 6 and CK 19) and, less prominently, secretory-coil markers including CK 7. Eccrine poromas exhibited a widespread reaction for CK 5/6 and EMA, analogous to peripheral dermal duct cells, but focal maturation toward inner-ductal and secretory-coil cells was also demonstrable. The staining pattern observed in trichoepitheliomas resembled that of the outer but not the inner root sheath. In conclusion, the detailed marker profiles obtained in the present study have broadened our understanding of the differentiation and nature of these highly singular tumor types.
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PMID:Epithelial markers and differentiation in adnexal neoplasms of the skin: an immunohistochemical study including individual cytokeratins. 883 71

Although no animal is a perfect skin model for the study of toxicological and therapeutic agents, structurally the pig may be superior to even non-human primates. Because our work involves effects of toxicological and therapeutic agents on the skin, we wanted to identify stains which may prove useful as well as determine cross-reactivity of some newer antihuman antibodies. We performed a battery of formalin-fixed skin from weanling pigs and minipigs. The battery of antibodies included LCA, CD3, OPD-4, CD34, UCHL-1, L-26, KP-1, MAC-387, Factor XIIIa, Leu-7, S-100 protein, HMB-45, GFAP, synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, ubiquitin, vimentin, type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, Factor VIII related antigen, Desmin-M, smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, AEI/AE3, CAM 5.2, EMA, GCDFP, Ki-67, and PCNA. Immunohistochemical stains for CD3, Leu-7, S-100 protein, type IV collagen, laminin, Factor VIII related antigen, GFAP, synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, ubiquitin, smooth muscle actin, vimentin, Desmin-M, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, Ki-67 and PCNA showed consistent cross-reactivity. In formalin-fixed tissue, only antibodies to lymphoreticular cells showed poor cross-reactivity. A high percentage of the remaining antibodies did show good cross-reactivity but with some interesting similarities and differences in specificity.
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PMID:Sensitivity of cross-reacting antihuman antibodies in formalin-fixed porcine skin: including antibodies to proliferation antigens and cytokeratins with specificity in the skin. 974 58

Thyroid anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinomas (TACs) comprise a morphologically heterogeneous group of tumors, which can arise in the background of differentiated papillary or follicular carcinoma. The thyroid epithelial differentiation varies in these tumors and has not been completely characterized. In this study, we immunohistochemically analyzed different variants TACs from 35 patients by using antibodies specific to 9 different keratin polypeptides, epithelial membrane antigen, thyroid transcription factor I (TTF-1), and thyroglobulin. These tumors were histologically divided into 3 categories: squamoid-cohesive (SC, 13 tumors), spindle cell sarcomatous (SS, 8 cases) and intermediate group, including tumors with giant cells and solid epithelioid components (GC, 18 tumors); 4 tumors had 2 components. The patients ages ranged from 40 to 89 years, with a mean age in all groups of 70 years. TTF-1 was present in only 2 of 9 of the SC tumors, and absent in all other TACs, but was present in entrapped differentiated components. Thyroglobulin was absent in all but 1 case. A complex keratin (K) pattern of stratified epithelia was typically seen in the SC tumors with extensive K7, K8, K17, K18, and K19, and variable K13 and K14 expression; EMA was also present. K16 was limited to squamous pearls in 1 tumor, and K10 was absent. The GC carcinomas typically had K8 and K18, whereas the expression of K7 was variable and that of K14, K17, and K19 sporadic; EMA was variably present in half of the cases. The keratins in spindle cell sarcomatous tumors were usually limited to K7, K8, and K18, often in limited numbers of cells. EMA was present in 1 case only. These results indicate a complex pattern of keratins in squamoid and giant cell TACs, similar to papillary carcinoma and suggesting the possibility of relationship. There was a progressive loss of epithelial differentiation and keratins in sarcomatoid TACs. Loss of TTF-1 is a nearly uniform feature of TAC and disallows the use of this marker to pinpoint a thyroid origin of these tumors.
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PMID:Variable expression of keratins and nearly uniform lack of thyroid transcription factor 1 in thyroid anaplastic carcinoma. 1101 83

Neurenteric cysts are extremely rare congenital anomalies, often presenting in the first 5 years of life, and are caused by an incomplete separation of the notochord from the foregut during the third week of embryogenesis. They are frequently accompanied with spinal or gastrointestinal abnormalities, but the latter may be absent in adults. Although usually located in the thorax, neurenteric cysts may be found along the entire spine. We present a 24-year-old woman admitted for epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, low grade fever and leucocytosis. She underwent cystgastrostomy for a loculated cyst of the distal pancreas at the age of 4 years, which recurred when she was at the age of 11 years. Ultrasound and computer tomograghy (CT) scan revealed a 16 cm multiply 15 cm cystic mass in the body and tail of pancreas, with a 6-7 mm thickened wall. Laboratory data and chest X-ray were normal and spinal radiographs did not show any structural abnormalities. The patient underwent a complete cyst excision, and after an uneventful recovery, remained symptom-free without recurrence during the 5-year follow-up. The cyst was found to contain 1200 mL of pale viscous fluid. It was covered by a primitive single-layered cuboidal epithelium, along with specialized antral glandular parenchyma and hypoplastic primitive gastric mucosa. Focal glandular groups resembling those of the body of the stomach were also seen. In addition, ciliary respiratory epithelium, foci of squamous metaplasia and mucinous glands were present. The wall of the cyst contained a muscular layer, neuroglial tissue with plexogenic nerve fascicles, Paccini corpuscle-like structures, hyperplastic neuroganglionar elements and occasional psammomatous bodies, as well as fibroblast-like areas of surrounding stroma. Cartilagenous tissue was not found in any part of the cyst. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of neurogenic elements marked by S-100, GFAP, NF and NSE. The gastric epithelium showed mostly CK7 and EMA immunoexpression, and the respiratory epithelium revealed a CK8 and CK18 immunoprofile without CK 10/13 positive elements, though neither CEA or AFP positive cells were found. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an abdominally located neurenteric cyst with no associated spinal anomalies.
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PMID:Abdominal neurenteric cyst. 1859 46

We present a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 21 Chinese patients with oncocytoma of salivary gland origin, a rare benign tumour composed exclusively of large epithelial cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm (oncocytes). The median age was 60.1 years with a male predominance (67%). All the tumours occurred in the parotid except one in the palate. A painless mass was the most common feature, although intermittent pain was complained of in four cases. All the patients were treated by superficial parotidectomy, with no recurrence or metastasis. Histologically, most tumours displayed an encapsulated nodular growth pattern, but one case presented with an aggressive growing tendency. Typical oncocytes were observed in all cases, with one clear cell variant found. The oncocytes were arranged in solid sheets, trabecular or duct-like structures. Rarely, small foci of hemorrhage or lymphoid stroma were observed, but germinal centres were always absent. Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin staining illustrated dark-blue cytoplasmic granules, demonstrated as mitochondria by electron microscopy. All the tumours showed immunoreactivity for CK5/6, CK8/18, CK10/13, CK19 and EMA, but were negative for SMA or S-100. MIB-1 antibody, used to identify the dividing cells by staining of the nucleus, was found to stain the cytoplasm of the oncocytes. In summary, clinical diagnosis for an oncocytoma is challenging for its similar features to other benign tumours. Histopathological diagnosis is reliable with histochemical and electron microscopic conformation of the oncocytes, but differential diagnosis is still challenging. MIB-1 immunostaining might be considered as a diagnostic aid.
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PMID:Oncocytoma of the salivary glands: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. 1979 83


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