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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new human epithelioid sarcoma cell line (ES020488) was established from a cutaneous metastasis in 26-year-old man, and was morphologically characterized in vitro and in vivo by comparison with the original tumor. The ES020488 cells showed a male karyotype ranging from 39 to 83 chromosomes, with various abnormalities but no specific pattern. The cells were round, polygonal or spindle-shaped with abundant cytoplasm and round nuclei containing prominent nucleoli; they proliferated in a sheet-like pattern. Tumors transplanted into nude mice revealed essentially the same features as the original tumor. Both in vitro and in vivo, the cells immunohistochemically expressed vimentin, cytokeratin, and EMA, but not desmin and S-100 protein. Ultrastructural study revealed irregular or round nuclei containing abundant euchromatin and prominent nucleoli, many intermediate filaments running irregularly or around the nucleus, and a number of filopodia-like processes. ES020488 cells were thus proven to retain and exhibit the unique morphological characteristics of an epithelioid sarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. These cells are possibly derived from synovioblastic mesenchyme.
Virchows Arch B Cell Pathol Incl Mol Pathol 1993
PMID:Morphological characterization of a new human epithelioid sarcoma cell line, ES020488, in vitro and in vivo. 768 33

Episialin (MUC1, PEM, EMA, CA15-3 antigen) is a sialylated, membrane-associated glycoprotein with an extended mucin-like ectodomain. This domain mainly consists of 30-90 homologous 20-amino acid repeats that are rich in O-glycosylation sites (serines and threonines). It is likely that this part forms a polyproline beta-turn helix. As a result, the ectodomain can protrude more than 200 nm above the cell surface, whereas most cell surface molecules do not exceed a length of 35 nm. Normally, episialin is present at the apical side of glandular epithelial cells. On carcinoma cells, however, it can be strongly overexpressed and it is often present over the entire cell surface. We have previously shown that episialin, if it is interspersed between adhesion molecules, nonspecifically reduces cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in vitro and in vivo, presumably by steric hindrance caused by the extreme length and high density of the episialin molecules at the cell surface. To analyze the molecular mechanism for this anti-adhesion effect in more detail, we have now deleted an increasing number of repeats in the episialin cDNA and transfected the resulting mutants into murine L929 cells expressing the homophilic adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Here we show that the length of episialin is the dominant factor that determines the inhibition of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions. For the anti-adhesive effect mediated by the full length episialin, charge repulsion by negatively charged sialylated O-linked glycans is far less important.
Mol Biol Cell 1996 Apr
PMID:A mechanism for inhibition of E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion by the membrane-associated mucin episialin/MUC1. 873 Jan

Monoclonal antibodies anti-SSEA-1 and EMA-1, and the lectins DBA and LTA, bound to the surface of large, round cells randomly distributed in the 26-day pig genital ridge. Other antibodies, SSEA-3, SSEA-4, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81, did not react with any cells in the pig genital ridge. SSEA-1-positive cells displayed pseudopods and appeared to migrate from the dorsal mesentery of the hindgut (18-day) to the primordium of the gonad (day 23) and entered the genital ridge by 26 days. The number of SSEA-1-positive cells associated with the dorsal mesentery and genital ridge markedly increased from the 18-day to the 26-day pig embryo. It was concluded that the SSEA-1-positive cells were primordial germ cells (PGCs). Using these markers and alkaline phosphatase histochemistry, pig PGCs derived from the 26-day genital ridge showed no proliferation when grown in STO co-culture in the presence of human LIF, bFGF and SCF.
Mol Reprod Dev 1997 Apr
PMID:Identification of pig primordial germ cells by immunocytochemistry and lectin binding. 909 3

Erythrocyte-stage Babesia equi expresses a 34-kDa immunodominant antigen recognized by antibody from persistently infected horses worldwide. This erythrocyte-stage surface protein, equi merozoite antigen-1 (EMA-1) is encoded by a single copy gene, and was previously shown to share 33% amino acid identity with similar sized proteins of Theileria sergenti and T. buffeli. A mean homology of 31% amino acid identity extends to similar sized proteins of T. parva, T. annulata and T. mutans. Genomic and cDNA copies of a second B. equi gene, ema2 were cloned. The single copy ema2 gene encodes a 30-kDa protein (EMA-2) that shares 52% amino acid identity with EMA-1. EMA-2 also shares a mean amino acid identity of 31% with proteins of similar molecular mass from Theileria species. EMA-1 and EMA-2 each contain a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. These unique erythrocyte-stage surface proteins of B. equi and Theileria species lack antigenic repeats, and excluding the signal peptide, contain one or no cysteines. Consistent with the hypothesis that this family of proteins interacts with the erythrocyte surface, the T. species proteins possess a basic isoelectric point. The B. equi proteins have acidic isoelectric points, but 24-mer peptides within them have strongly basic net charges.
Mol Biochem Parasitol 1997 Dec 01
PMID:Genetic and biochemical analysis of erythrocyte-stage surface antigens belonging to a family of highly conserved proteins of Babesia equi and Theileria species. 949 33

We previously reported the isolation of the novel human DENN gene, which is differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells. DENN is identical to MADD (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activating death domain), which interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 through their death domains. DENN is also homologous to Rab3 GEP, a rat Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that DENN expression in cancer cell lines was 26-50 times that in normal cells. The Jurkat human leukemia, PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma, and NS-1 mouse myeloma cell lines as well as the MRC-5 human fetal lung and Vero monkey kidney cell lines were treated successfully with four separate DENN-targeted antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to abrogate DENN expression. Quantitative assessment of cell viability and apoptosis by flow cytometry via fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide membrane-integrity tests, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling, and annexin V assays showed that antisense silencing of DENN resulted in markedly more pronounced cell death in cancer cells compared with nonmalignant cells. Antisense-treated cell lines exhibited extensive loss of DNA content, forming distinct sub-G(1) peaks, while cell proliferation diminished significantly. Ultrastructural features of programmed cell death in cells subjected to antisense ODNs were authenticated by electron microscopy. In contrast, transfection of cell lines with a plasmid construct to achieve DENN overexpression augmented cellular proliferation and could reverse the apoptotic effect of antisense and staurosporine treatment. Our findings suggest that DENN is intimately involved in anti-apoptotic and cell-survival processes.
Mol Carcinog 2002 Nov
PMID:Induction of marked apoptosis in mammalian cancer cell lines by antisense DNA treatment to abolish expression of DENN (differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells). 1241 May 63

The etiology and pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are not yet known. There are implications of genes involved in programmed cell death (apoptosis), and there have been repeated suggestions of an association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The aim of this study was to investigate the protein expression patterns of key cell cycle-related genes, together with evidence of apoptosis and EBV status, in relation to clinical stage in HLs. A double immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization technique was used to detect the expression of bcl-2, p53, retinoblastoma (Rb), p21, Ki67 (MIB 1), and topoisomerase IIalpha (TopoIIalpha), together with latent membrane protein-1 and EBER for EBV status and TdT-mediated dUTP-FITC nick end-labeling (TUNEL) as a measure of apoptosis, on tissue microarray sections of 62 cases of classic HL (35 NS, 17 MC, 8 LR, and 2 LD). A panel of phenotypic markers was used to facilitate recognition of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells: CD3, CD20, CD30, CD15, and EMA. The H-RS cells of 62 classic Hodgkin lymphomas were bcl-2-positive in 35 cases (56.45%), p53-positive in 14 (22.58%), and positive for both EBV latent membrane protein-1 and EBER in 37 (59.68%); there was complete concordance of results for EBV by both procedures. No correlation was found between expression of bcl-2, p53, or EBV markers in H-RS cells and clinical stage (P > 0.05). Expression of Rb, Ki67, p21, and TopoIIalpha did, however, show significant differences with clinical stage. Expression of Rb and p21 in CD30-positive H-RS cells decreased with more advanced stage (P < 0.001). In contrast, Ki67 and ToPoIIalpha expression increased with later stage (P < 0.01). No correlation was found between expression of any of these markers in H-RS cells and the subtypes of nodular sclerosis HL, mixed cellularity HL, and LRHL (P > 0.05). TUNEL was found in the nonneoplastic cellular background in all cases and in H-RS cells in only 10 of 62 cases (16.12%) (8 nodular sclerosis HL, 1 mixed cellularity HL, and 1 LRHL). There was a significant correlation between high expression of bcl-2 and a low score by TUNEL (P < 0.05). These data are consistent with the notion that overexpression of bcl-2 may be linked to blockage of apoptosis-mediated death of H-RS cells in classic HL. Abnormal expression of p53-related protein may not play a major role in HL, because it is present in H-RS cells in only a minority of cases. Increased expression of Ki67 and TopoIIalpha by H-RS cells is significantly associated with advanced stage and may indicate aggressive disease. Adverse clinical outcome in HL also is associated with loss of Rb and p21 protein expression, consistent with the possible roles of Rb and p21 in inhibition of the growth of H-RS cells. Within the limitations of the methods used, almost two thirds of cases of HL provide evidence of an association with EBV. The tissue microarray technique is valuable not only for examination of large numbers of cases of a disease by a complex panel of markers but also potentially as a control for staining quality in immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2003 Sep
PMID:Apoptosis and cell cycle-related genes and proteins in classical Hodgkin lymphoma: application of tissue microarray technique. 1296 46

DENN/MADD is a component of a signalling protein complex that is localized to the cytosol and exerts multiple functions by using different binding partners. Human DENN/MADD is physically the same death-domain protein as rat Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein (Rab3GEP). DENN/MADD regulates the recycling of Rab3 small G proteins under normal conditions and has an essential role in Ca(2+)-dependent neurotransmitter release and exocytosis. It is also involved in blocking the apoptosis of neuronal cells under conditions of cytotoxic stress. Recent research supports an important role for DENN/MADD in neuroprotection: reduced endogenous DENN/MADD expression and enhanced pro-apoptotic signalling has been found in brains affected by Alzheimer's disease.
Trends Mol Med 2004 Oct
PMID:Dual role of DENN/MADD (Rab3GEP) in neurotransmission and neuroprotection. 1546 46

Germinal centers within the lymph node follicles are T-cell-dependent, antigen-driven B-cell proliferations that develop from the rapid clonal expansion of a few founder cells. The end results of this B-cell expansion are memory B cells or plasma cells. Two morphologic forms of plasma cell can be recognized in the germinal center: classic plasma cells, characterized morphologically by peripherally clumped arrangement of nuclear chromatin, and cells with a nuclear morphology more resembling that of the centrocytes, which the authors have termed "centrocytoid plasma cells." In this study the authors examined the distribution and immunohistochemical characteristics of these two populations of germinal center plasma cells. The centrocytoid plasma cells were arranged in a band stretching from the junction of the dark and light zone to the periphery of the germinal centers, while the classic plasma cells were mainly present at the germinal center periphery. Both marked with CD38, CD138, and VS38c, recognized markers for plasma cells; however, EMA and CD31 were present only in the classic form of plasma cell. The proliferation marker Ki67 was present in less than 1% of the cells labeling with CD138. Others have demonstrated Ki67 in 50% of the cells labeled with Blimp-1, which is consistent with Blimp-1 appearing earlier than CD138 in ontogeny. CD10 is co-expressed with CD138 in about 10% of cells and CD45 with CD138 in about 5% of cells. Their topographic features, together with the progressive acquisition of plasma cell markers, suggest that the centrocytoid plasma cells may be the precursors of the classic plasma cells. Of note, both the forms of plasma cell were absent in follicles of follicular lymphoma, which supports the concept that in this disease, lymphocytes fail to differentiate and mature beyond the centrocyte stage.
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005 Jun
PMID:Centrocytoid plasma cells of the germinal center. 1589 23

This study aims to assess the distribution of lymphoma subtypes in Shanxi, China, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, and to compare the relative distribution with other areas of the world. H&E-stained tissue sections from the archives of the Shanxi Tumor Hospital, China, were reviewed and 447 cases with sufficient materials were selected for detailed study. A panel of antibodies and probes was assembled, including antibodies to ALK1, bcl-6, CDs 1alpha, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 15, 20, 23, 30, 43, 56, 68, 79alpha, and 99, cyclin D1, EMA, kappa, lambda, LMP1, PAX5, TdT, Vs38C and ZAP70, plus EBER RNA probe by in situ hybridization. The 447 lymphoma cases, subtyped according to the WHO classification, were assembled in triplicate into 11 tissue microarrays and examined with the panel of markers described. Among the 447 cases, 385 (82.6%) were confirmed to be non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 62 (13.9%) were Hodgkin lymphomas of classic type (CHL). Of the NHL cases, 68.6% were B-cell lymphomas and 30.6% T/NK-cell lymphomas. Histiocytic neoplasms accounted for only three cases (0.8%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) were the most common subtype (35.1%), followed by peripheral T-cell lymphomas unspecified (PTun, 12.0%), extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas (MALT lymphomas, 11.7%), follicular lymphomas (FL, 8.6%), T-lymphoblastic lymphomas (T-LBL, 7.0%), anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL, 4.2%), B small lymphocytic lymphomas (B SLL, 3.6%), and mantle cell lymphomas (MCL, 2.6%). Of 263 B-cell neoplasms, 105 (39.9%) expressed immunoglobulin light chain, including 52 kappa and 53 lambda, detectable in paraffin sections. The incidence of DLBCL was similar to many Western countries and Asia. The frequency of FL was, however, much lower than the usual pattern in Western countries, although NK/T-cell lymphomas were more common (30.6%), similar to other countries in Asia, including Japan and Korea. With regard to markers of EBV infection, 8 of 385 (2.1%) NHL cases gave positive findings by both in situ hybridization (EBER RNA) and immunohistochemistry (LMP-1), whereas 24 (6.2%) expressed only the EBER and 12 (3.1%) expressed only LMP-1. EBV positivity was found in 24 of 119 (20.2%) T and NK cell lymphomas, in 20 of 263 (7.6%) B cell neoplasms, and in 37 of 62 (59.7%) CHLs. In CHLs there was complete concordance of results by both in situ hybridization (EBER RNA) and immunohistochemistry (LMP-1) procedures. ZAP70 was detected in most T cell-lineage disorders (61.4%) and also in a subset of B small lymphocytic lymphomas (50%). However, ZAP-70 was expressed in a minority of other types of B-cell lymphomas, including precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (25%), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (26.7%), follicular lymphoma (15.2%), and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (9.1%). Immunohistochemical analysis represents an effective method for assessing ZAP-70 expression and reveals that a variety of B-cell malignant neoplasms express ZAP-70, albeit at low frequency.
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2005 Dec
PMID:Distribution and ZAP-70 expression of WHO lymphoma categories in Shanxi, China: a review of 447 cases using a tissue microarray technique. 1628 Jun 61

After the evacuation of a hydatidiform mole, the spontaneous regression or the persistent trophoblastic disease (PTD) needing chemotherapy, is monitored by determining the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentration. Hyperglycosylated hCG (invasive trophoblast antigen, ITA) has been suggested to be of clinical value in the diagnosis and follow-up of gestational trophoblastic disease including PTD. To further document the relationship between ITA and hCG in spontaneous post-molar regression and during chemotherapy treatment of PTD, we used distinct immunoassays to measure the concentrations of hCG+beta and ITA in serum from three groups of patients after the evacuation of moles. For each group [uneventful post molar hCG regression, group 1; PTD treated with Methotrexate (MTX) (mono-chemotherapy), group 2; and PTD with MTX and poly-chemotherapy (EMA-CO), group 3], we compared the time course of the serum concentrations after evacuation, and determined the disappearance rates (half-lives) within and between treatment groups. Significantly longer mean serum half-lives for hCG+beta and ITA were found in the poly-chemotherapy (group 3: 3.02 and 2.51 weeks) as compared to the mono-chemotherapy group (group 2: 0.96 and 0.90 weeks) and the uneventful regression group (0.81 and 0.66 weeks) (each, p=0.003), but no differences were observed between the mono-chemotherapy and the uneventful regression group. Significantly shorter mean half-lives for ITA than those calculated for hCG+beta were observed in all three groups of patients. The implication and the possible clinical value of the more rapid regression of ITA to baseline levels as compared to hCG+beta remain to be investigated prospectively.
Int J Mol Med 2006 Oct
PMID:Comparison of human chorionic gonadotropin +beta and invasive trophoblast antigen disappearance rates in serum after evacuation of molar pregnancy. 1696 26


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