Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a rare gastric tumour characterized morphologically by its hepatoid features and alpha-fetoprotein production and which presented clinically with gastric haemorrhage. Gastric fibroscopy showed a bleeding tumour of the antrum. The microscopic appearance of the tumor showed two different patterns. The most extensive presented hepatoid features. The second pattern showed undifferentiated features. The tumour cells showed immunohistochemical positivity for alphafetoprotein, EMA and p53 protein; 37% were aneuploid with a DNA index of 1.46. The serum level of alphafetoprotein was not measured before the gastrectomy but after ten days it was elevated at 1070 ng/ml. The patient died 6 months after the admission. This case provides, for the first time, information on the DNA content and the p53 expression of this unusual and aggressive variant of gastric adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Alphafetoprotein-producing gastric adenocarcinoma. 753 18

Microwave oven (mwo) is used to stimulate tissue fixation and to retrieve antigens damaged by fixation. Heavy metal salt solutions, water, and citric acid buffer (cab) have been suggested for this purpose. A serie of tumors treated with cab and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) with mwo were studied immunohistochemically with 24 antibodies. Controls were treated in the same way, except for microwaving. The antibodies were directed against antigens of the following tumors: breast and prostate carcinoma, carcinoid, lymphoma and melanoma. The results showed that cab enhanced the immunoreactivity of the following antigens: estrogen receptors (AMAC), progesterone receptors (Novocastra), HMB45, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, PCNA, p53, MIB-1 (Ki-67) and prostatic specific antigen. The antigens that did not improve their immunoreactivity, when compared with the control series were: factor VIII, keratin, Leu 22, L26, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, chromogranin, HBME-1, smooth muscle actin and EMA. Microwaving equally improved protein S100 and desmin either with cab or pbs. The only antigen that improved with pbs was actin. The results with B72.3 and NKI/C3 were poor and not reliable. In conclusion microwaving with cab enhances the immunoreactivity of the antibodies mentioned above leading to an increase in sensibility without loosing specificity.
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PMID:[Antigen retrieval by microwave oven with buffer of citric acid]. 799 28

A case of extramammary Paget's disease of the axilla in an 84-year-old patient is presented. No underlying carcinoma was found and the lesion was treated successfully by wide local excision. Immunohistochemical staining showed nuclear immunoreactivity for c-myc and cytoplasmic staining for CEA, EMA, CAM 5.2, EGRF, c-erbB-2 and pan-cytokeratin in all the Paget cells. No immunoreactivity of the lesion was observed for S-100 protein, pan-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and p53 oncoproteins. Further research is needed to establish whether oncoprotein overexpression plays a role in the pathogenesis of extramammary Paget's disease and can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker.
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PMID:Extramammary Paget's disease of the axilla. 807 May 99

Oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and growth factors are being explored as to their role in the initiation and progression of most neoplasms, but little information exists on the expression of oncoproteins or growth factors in adenocarcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla of Vater. This report covers expressions of p53, c-neu, TGF-alpha, CEA, and EMA in duodenal adenocarcinoma and ampullary adenocarcinoma, as well as correlations between expressions and tumor stage, histological grade and patient survival. The expression of p53, c-neu, TGF-alpha, CEA, and EMA has been studied in 15 duodenal adenocarcinomas and in eight ampullary adenocarcinomas by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The positive reaction for p53, c-neu, TGF-alpha, CEA, and EMA in duodenal adenocarcinoma was 20%, 60%, 60%, 73%, and 100%, respectively, and in ampullary adenocarcinoma, 13%, 100%, 50%, 63%, and 100%. Among the duodenal tumors, C-neu and p53 expression was noted more frequently in groups with high histological grades. Patients with c-neu positive duodenal adenocarcinoma had a shorter survival than the patients with c-neu negative duodenal adenocarcinoma (P < 0.01). C-neu product may serve as an unfavorable prognostic indicator in duodenal adenocarcinoma. No statistically significant correlation was found between the expressions of CEA, EMA, p53, and TGF-alpha and patient survival, tumor stage, or histological grade in either duodenal or ampullary adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of duodenum and ampulla of Vater: clinicopathology study and expression of p53, c-neu, TGF-alpha, CEA, and EMA. 860 40

Malignant eccrine spiradenoma (MES) is an exceedingly rare neoplasm of cutaneous adnexal origin. To date, 31 cases have been documented in the literature. We herein report an additional case of MES that arose in longstanding eccrine spiradenoma (ES). A 54-year-old woman was seen for a bluish nodular mass on the right flank that previously had been stable for 7 to 8 years and had recently increased in size and become tender. The excised mass (2.8 x 2.5 x 2.5 cm) had no attachment to the overlying epidermis. Microscopically, 2 to 3 sharply demarcated lobules were surrounded by a markedly thickened and hyalinized fibrous capsule. Of the lesion removed, approximately 20% of the tumor showed typical histologic features of benign ES. In the remaining malignant areas, the typical configuration of benign counterpart, consisting of peripheral rows of small dark basaloid cells and central layers of large pale cells partially forming lumina, was replaced with a massive solid proliferation of large pale cells showing nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleoli, increased mitotic activity (reaching 12/10 HPF) and loss of PAS-positive basement membrane. There were multiple foci of florid squamous differentiation in the malignant portion. Cytokeratin, focally S-100 and EMA were expressed in large pale cells, whereas alpha smooth muscle actin and S-100 were positive in small dark basaloid cells. Focal reactivity of CEA and EMA was found in the central lumina. P53 was not expressed in benign areas, whilst in malignant areas an occasional nuclear reaction was disclosed.
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PMID:Malignant eccrine spiradenoma with florid squamous differentiation. 961 Jun 21

The association of Sertoli-stromal cell tumor with testicular feminization syndrome (TFS) has been elaborated in the past studies. Here, we described immunohistochemical studies on Sertoli cell tumor of the gonad in a TFS patient and compare with 2 other cases of spontaneous ovarian Sertoli-stromal tumor. [Case 1] The case was a 73 year-old Japanese patient (46XY karyotype), who had had primary amenorrhea. High level of testosterone was noted in laboratory investigation (1900 ng/ml). No ambiguous morphology of external genitalia was present, but atrophy of vagina was noted. The patient was diagnosed as TFS. A left gonadal tumor was identified histologically showing well differentiated Sertoli cell tumor. The tumor cells were positive for anti-vimentin antibody but negative for anti-keratin, EMA and p53 antibodies by immunohistochemistry. The right gonad was an immature testis. [Case 2] The case was a 33 year-old female with ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor. Immunohistochemically, positive reaction for anti-keratin and p53 antibodies were observed. [Case 3] The case was a 17 year-old female with moderately differentiated Sertoli cell tumor of the ovary. The tumor cells were positive for anti-keratin, EMA and p53 antibodies by immunohistochemistry. Difference in immunohistochemical reactions between Sertoli cell tumor in TFS and Sertoli-stromal cell tumors of the ovaries was probably due to variation in the degree of gonadal development.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study of Sertoli-stromal cell tumor; comparison between the tumor arising from the gonad of a testicular feminization syndrome bearing patient and from ovaries of non-bearing patients]. 1059 Jun 86

Carcinoma of the breast has an unpredictable biological behaviour. Several oncogenes have been implicated in the progression of breast cancer. Immunohistochemical staining of c-erbB-2 (Neu) oncoprotein and mutant p53 protein on 45 cases of infiltrating duct carcinoma (IDC) of the breast revealed 33% membrane positivity of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein, 46% nuclear positivity of mutated p53 protein, 33% and 84% membrane positivity of EGF-R and EMA respectively. Staining profile of c-erb-B2 oncoprotein in various histological subtypes of IDC of the breast indicated a high positivity rate in comedo followed by NOS and cibriform subtype. Similarly, high incidence of immunopositivity of mutated p53 protein was observed in comedo and cibriform subtypes while papillary carcinoma were found exclusively positive for mutated p53 protein. Interestingly, tubular subtype of IDC was not positive for c-erbB-2 oncoprotein as well as p53 mutant protein. Further, comedo and cibriform subtypes of IDC revealed 'high grade' histological features of tumour of the breast with high mitotic count, presence of marked pleomorphism and multinucleation thus, reflecting a positive relationship with overexpression of c-erbB-2 (Neu) oncoprotein as well as mutant p53 protein. The results on immunoexpression of c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and mutated p53 protein in various histological subtypes of IDC of the breast demonstrated c-erbB-2 status as an important predictor and also indicated that oncogene product may be involved in growth factor response pathway.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical co-expression of c-erbb-2/Neu oncoprotein, altered tumour suppressor (p53) protein, EGF-R and EMA in histological subtypes of infiltrating duct carcinoma of the breast. 1064 Nov 49

The deleterious effects of asbestos exposure include benign and malignant pleuro-pulmonary lesions leading to considerable morbidity and mortality, underlying the necessity for improvement of early detection strategies. Pathological techniques (morphology and immunohistochemistry) remain the gold standard for diagnosis of asbestos related disorders, together with mineralogic studies and for determination of associated pathological processes. There are yet no reliable pathological tools able to survey and detect asbestos exposed patients which are non invasive, acceptable for the patients and obvious in directing efficient therapy. Three main conclusions are drawn: 1) Promising approach includes EMA immunostaining in the evaluation of suspicious mesothelial lesions; 2) P53, proteases immunostaining and K-Ras mutation analysis in early detection of bronchial preneoplasia; 3) sputum screening for specific tumor markers of transformation (hRNPA2/B1), or morphometric DNA quantification for the detection of subclinical bronchopulmonary carcinomas. These recent developments are the first step of a long road to routine detection of these lesions.
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PMID:[Anatomopathological tools for screening and medical surveillance of people exposed to asbestos]. 1089 45

The separation of benign from malignant mesothelial proliferations has emerged as a major problem in the pathology of the serosal membranes. For both epithelial and spindle cell mesothelial processes, true stromal invasion is the most accurate indicator of malignancy, but stromal invasion is often difficult to assess, especially in small biopsies. In the pleural cavity, deep penetration of a thickened and fibrotic pleura or penetration of mesothelial cells into the fat of the chest wall are good indicators of malignancy; however, superficial entrapment of mesothelial cells and glands by organizing effusions is common in benign reactions and needs to be distinguished from invasion. In the peritoneal cavity, invasion of fat or of organ walls is again the most reliable indicator of malignancy, but entrapment of benign cells in organizing granulation tissue or between fat lobules is frequent and confusing. Proliferations confined to the pleural or peritoneal space, particularly linear arrays of atypical mesothelial cells on the free surface, should not be called malignant in the absence of unequivocal invasion. Cytologic atypia is often not helpful in separating benign from malignant reactions, because benign processes are commonly atypical and mesotheliomas are often deceptively monotonous. Densely packed mesothelial cells within the pleural space are frequent in benign reactions, but densely packed mesothelial cells within the stroma favor a diagnosis of malignancy. Organizing effusions (fibrous pleurisy) typically show zonation with high cellularity and cytologic atypia toward the pleural space and increasing fibrosis with decreasing cellularity and lesser atypia toward the chest wall, whereas sarcomatous (including desmoplastic) mesotheliomas do not demonstrate this type of zonation. Elongated capillaries perpendicular to the pleural surface are seen in organizing effusions but are not a feature of sarcomatous mesotheliomas. The combination of a paucicellular storiform pattern, plus invasion of the stroma (including fat and adjacent tissues), or bland necrosis, overtly sarcomatous foci, or distant metastases, is required for the diagnosis of desmoplastic mesothelioma. Necrosis is usually a sign of malignancy but is occasionally seen in benign mesothelial reactions. Keratin staining is useful in indicating the distribution of mesothelial cells, and particularly in demonstrating penetration of mesothelial cells into the stroma or adjacent structures, but is of no help in separating benign and malignant proliferations because both are keratin-positive. Although both p53 and EMA staining have been proposed as markers of mesothelial malignancy, in our experience they are not helpful for the individual case.
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PMID:The separation of benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations. 1125 37

The main components of an unusual form of lung tumor were osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells. Besides, scattered islands of moderately differentiated squamous cells also appeared. Both the mononuclear and the osteoclast-like giant cells reacted with antibodies against CD68 and vimentin, but did not react with antibodies against cytokeratin, EMA and CEA, or lysozyme and a-1-antitrypsin. The p53 and PCNA antigens were positive only in mononuclear cells and not the osteoclast-like giant cells, suggesting that mononuclear cells represent proliferating elements with histiocytic differentiation while osteoclast-like giant cells are stromal, presumably reactive components of the tumor.
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PMID:Osteoclastoma-like Giant Cell Tumor of the Lung. 1117 92


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