Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reagents that recognize antigens on lymphoid cells in fixed and wax-embedded sections have been applied to a series of cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The panel consisted of MB1, 4KB5 (CD45r), LN1, L26 and MB2 which recognize antigens expressed predominantly on B-lymphocytes; UCHL1 and MT1 which recognize antigens expressed on T-lymphocytes and myeloid cells; antibodies recognizing the non-lineage antigens LeuM1 (CD15), BerH2 (CD30), anti-EMA; anti-lysozyme and MAC 387 which detect antigens present on some macrophages; and finally TAL1B5 (class II MHC), CAM 5.2 (low molecular weight cytokeratin) and PD7/26 + 2B11(CD45). Two hundred and four cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma have been studied, of which 158 had been fully characterized on frozen sections. The series was biased towards high-grade (n = 108) and T-cell (n = 44) tumours and these were largely prospectively accrued. It was found that discrimination between B-cell and T-cell lymphomas can be reliably achieved using these reagents and that a small panel (CD45, L26, MB2, MT1, UCHL1) is adequate for this purpose. Using the full range of reagents it is not possible to subdivide cases into groups that correspond with morphological subtypes of lymphoma. Although paraffin section immunohistochemistry is of value, the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders must still be based upon the assessment of well fixed, carefully prepared tissue sections using conventional tinctorial methods.
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PMID:Paraffin section immunohistochemistry. I. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 326 64

Chordomas are slowly growing malignant tumors arising from notochordal rests. They are occurring in adults (50 to 60 year old) and are mainly (85%) located in sacrococcygeal or spheno-occipital regions; other main localization is cervical spine. Chordomas are usually discovered in patients with pain or symptoms due to compression of surrounding viscera. Radiologically it is characterized by association of osteolysis and soft tissues opacity. On macroscopic examination tumoral tissue has mucoid appearance; under microscope it is made up with lobules of epithelial-appearing cells surrounded by acid mucosubstances. Tumorous cells contain glycogen and neutral mucosubstances. They are surrounded by argyrophilic rim due to pericellular condensation of intercellular matrix, well viewed on electron microscope examination. When their cytoplasm is filled with vacuoles, cells take up typical physaliphorous appearance. Chordomas cells express epithelial differentiation antigens (low molecular weight cytokeratins, EMA, CAM 52, HFM 62, even CEA), Vimentin and S-100 Protein: this triple positivity allow differentiation between chordomas and numerous others tumors. Correct treatment of chordoma is achieved with an initially complete excision. Local recurrences are frequent and sometimes inoperable: in this cases radiotherapy alone may be performed (70 grays). Sarcomas (fibroblastic or Malignant fibrous histiocytoma) may occur after radiotherapy or without it. Hematogenous metastasis occur in 10% to 15% of patients. Survival rate at five years is included between 50% and 75%. Chondroid chordoma is a special entity occurring in younger patients (35 year old) and located in spheno-occipital region. In addition to chordomas it contain chondroid (benign or malignant) islands. Mean survival rate (16 years) is far better than for chordoma or chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:[Chordomas]. 329 77

The glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare variant of nerve sheath neoplasms in which the focally occurring glands are lined by cells showing divergent differentiation. The vast majority of the reported nerve sheath tumors harboring these glands have been malignant. We herein present a case of benign glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a 43-year-old woman who had no evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. Histologically, the tumor is composed of spindle cell component and collections of glandular component. The glandular component occupied the central two-thirds of the lesion and was lined by a single layer of nonciliated cuboidal or columnar cells. No mitotic figures were recognized in the spindle cell area. This spindle cell area had neurofibroma-like features rather than schwannoma. Many of the spindle cells had positive reaction products for S-100 protein. The glandular lining epithelium were positive for cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, AE1/AE3, PKK1) and EMA. Some epithelial cells were immunoreactive for CEA, chromogranin, somatostatin and Leu-7. These immunohistochemical findings support the neuroendocrine differentiation of the epithelial element from the schwannian component.
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PMID:Benign glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor. A case report. 752 35

Following the diagnosis of nephrogenic adenoma in a bladder lesion, which was later interpreted as early clear cell adenocarcinoma, the morphological and immunocytochemical features of these two lesions were reviewed to see if differences could be established for future diagnostic application. The architecture, extent, cell type, nuclear pleomorphism, presence of mitotic figures and glycogen content were recorded in 28 nephrogenic adenomas and the clear cell carcinoma. Similarly, the immunoreactivity for CAM 5.2, LP34, EMA and CEA of 10 nephrogenic adenomas and the clear cell carcinoma were compared. Proliferation rate in five nephrogenic adenomas and the carcinoma was assessed by antibody M1B1. Many of the features showed differences in degree or extent (clear cell change, nuclear pleomorphism, CAM 5.2 and CEA positivity). The only features distinct to clear cell carcinoma were the presence of solid islands, mitoses greater than 1/10 HPF (HPF area = 0.4 mm2) and M1B1 counts in excess of 29/200 in clear cell carcinoma (range 30/200-83/200). Only the high M1B1 count was present in the first biopsy of the clear cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Vesical clear cell adenocarcinoma. V. Nephrogenic adenoma: a diagnostic problem. 755 5

A case of extramammary Paget's disease of the axilla in an 84-year-old patient is presented. No underlying carcinoma was found and the lesion was treated successfully by wide local excision. Immunohistochemical staining showed nuclear immunoreactivity for c-myc and cytoplasmic staining for CEA, EMA, CAM 5.2, EGRF, c-erbB-2 and pan-cytokeratin in all the Paget cells. No immunoreactivity of the lesion was observed for S-100 protein, pan-ras, H-ras, K-ras, and p53 oncoproteins. Further research is needed to establish whether oncoprotein overexpression plays a role in the pathogenesis of extramammary Paget's disease and can be used as a diagnostic or prognostic marker.
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PMID:Extramammary Paget's disease of the axilla. 807 May 99

We present a case of cardiac myxoma associated with Carney's complex in which histological examination revealed numerous well formed glandular structures at the base of the lesion. Immunoperoxidase studies showed these glands to be epithelial-like with positive staining for EMA, CEA and CAM 5.2. Mucin stains were also positive. The presence of these gland-like structures within a cardiac myxoma, unless recognised as part of the tumour, may lead to the erroneous diagnosis of secondary adenocarcinoma. We reviewed eighteen further cardiac myxomata of which two were associated with Carney's complex. Of these eighteen tumours only one, not associated with Carney's complex, contained glandular structures and these were poorly formed.
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PMID:Glandular differentiation in cardiac myxomata. 838 44

A case of aggressive plasma cell leukemia with unusual morphological and cytogenetic features is reported. A 65-year-old man was admitted to hospital due to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency. Bone marrow examination and peripheral blood smear revealed a large number of pleomorphic cells with convoluted and multilobulated nuclei. Immunohistochemistry of the bone marrow biopsy was negative for anti-keratin antibodies CAM.5.2 and AE1/AE3, but positive for EMA. The immunophenotypic features of these cells were suggestive of plasma cell origin with positivity for CD38, CD56, CD9, and CD44 and a weak positivity for CD71 and CD45 (40% of the cells), while all other markers of hematopoietic origin were negative. Furthermore, a serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal component type IgG-kappa of 70 g/l. The cytogenetic analysis demonstrated a hypotetraploid clone with multiple numerical and structural abnormalities. Although some of the aberrations found are associated with plasma cell malignancies--e.g., structural rearrangement of chromosome 1, del(6q), and monosomy 13--the karyotypic complexity in the present case is unusual. The course of the disease was very aggressive, and the patient died 3 days after admission.
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PMID:Aggressive course of primary plasma cell leukemia with unusual morphological and cytogenetic features. 853 63

An unusual uterine lesion is described in a patient with postmenopausal bleeding. Grossly, a yellow, polypoid mass projected into the uterine cavity. Histological examination showed a distinct biphasic pattern with areas of typical low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma and areas where tumour cells were arranged in cords and trabeculae, resulting in a sex cord-like pattern. In these areas the cells assumed a rhabdoid morphology with eccentric vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and eosinophilic hyaline cytoplasmic inclusions. Immunohistochemistry showed positive cytoplasmic staining of both components for vimentin, desmin and the cytokeratin marker CAM 5.2, but no staining for CEA and EMA. Electronmicroscopy revealed prominent paranuclear arrays of intermediate filaments. This is the second reported case of endometrial stromal sarcoma with rhabdoid differentiation and the first documented example of rhabdoid cells in sex cord-like areas. The report adds to the list of diverse neoplasms which may display a characteristic rhabdoid morphology and supports the hypothesis that extrarenal rhabdoid tumours are not a distinct clinicopathological entity. A diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumour of the uterus should be considered only when extensive sampling fails to disclose areas with an appearance typical of an endometrial stromal lesion.
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PMID:Endometrial stromal sarcoma with sex cord-like areas and focal rhabdoid differentiation. 967 99

A battery of immunocytochemical analyses, previously established to distinguish between malignant mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma, was extended by analysing the same cases with three other commercially available antibodies. Altogether, 11 antibodies were studied in mesotheliomas diagnosed by other means, using 14 different immunocytochemical parameters. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the following parameters were of importance for this diagnostic problem: vimentin reactivity in epithelial cells (1), cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) reactivity in spindle-shaped (fibrous) cells (2), cell membrane-associated reactivity of EMA (3), HBME-1 (4) and thrombomodulin (5), and absence of reactivity to CEA (6), CD15 (7), BerEp4 (8) and Sialyl-TN (9). The analysis gave an algorithm with which a specific diagnosis of mesothelioma could be made in 80% of the cases-i.e., some improvement compared to the 55% sensitivity using the previous battery.
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PMID:Optimization of a battery using nine immunocytochemical variables for distinguishing between epithelial mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. 939 61

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising in acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is considered to be a tumor of low malignant potential, compared with classic RCC. The aim of the present study was to identify any significant differences in the antigenic profiles or tumor cell proliferative activity of ACKD-associated RCC and classic RCC that might be responsible for differences in their biologic behavior. We studied the immunohistochemical profiles and proliferative activity of 12 classic RCCs and 5 ACKD-associated RCCs with markers of proximal tubules (Leu M1, alpha-1 antitrypsin, CAM 5.2), markers of distal tubules (Arachis hypogaea lectin, AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen [EMAJ, CAM 5.2), vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We performed proliferation analysis with the CAS 200 image analysis system. For each case, 8 to 20 fields of tumor tissue in the areas of maximal PCNA staining were quantitated, and the percentage of PCNA-positive nuclear area for each individual tumor was calculated. All of the five ACKD-associated RCCs expressed AE1/AE3, EMA, and CAM 5.2 in more than 50% of the tumor cells. Arachis hypogaea lectin was significantly expressed in three of the five ACKD-associated RCCs. Leu M1 and alpha-1 antitrypsin reacted with fewer than 10% of the tumor cells in all of the five ACKD-associated RCCs. In contrast, the 12 classic RCCs showed expression of CAM 5.2 in 11 cases, alpha-1 antitrypsin in 10 cases, Leu M1 in 9, EMA in 8, and AE1/AE3 in 3 cases in more than 50% of the tumor cells and a totally negative reaction with Arachis hypogaea lectin in 8 cases, EMA in 4, AE1/AE3 in 4, and vimentin in 5 cases. Although coexpression of proximal and distal tubule markers was seen in some cases of RCC in either category, there was uniform and strong staining for distal tubule markers in ACKD-associated RCC and for proximal tubule markers in classic RCC. The mean percentage of PCNA-positive nuclear area for the ACKD-associated RCCs (2.41%) was significantly (P < .05) less than that of the classic RCCs (21.42%). The differences in expression of proximal and distal tubule markers and proliferative activity might be responsible for the differences in the biologic behavior of ACKD-associated RCC and classic RCC.
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PMID:Image analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and immunohistochemical profiles in renal cell carcinoma associated with acquired cystic kidney disease: comparison with classic renal cell carcinoma. 957 84


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