Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung carcinomas were studied immunohistochemically and the results were related to type of tissue sample (bronchoscopic biopsies, surgical specimens, autopsies). All cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, PKK-1, AE1/AE3) reacted with virtually all adenocarcinomas, most squamous, and 65% of the large cell carcinomas, while CAM 5.2 was most efficient with the small cell carcinomas. CEA stained 33% and 60% of the small and large cell carcinomas, respectively, most adenocarcinomas, and 84% of the squamous cell carcinomas, among which staining decreased with dedifferentiation and was often focal. EMA reacted with 90%, and NSE with 20% of all histological types. There was no staining for NF. All antibodies, except EMA, were more efficient with surgical specimens. Our study implies that the cytokeratins we used work better with surgical material, but are generally comparable to monospecific cytokeratin antibodies. Also, EMA is a reliable marker for epithelial differentiation with all types of tissue samples. Moreover, CEA negativity in several poorly differentiated lung carcinomas might have implications in the differential diagnosis against pleural mesothelioma.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical study of 158 lung carcinomas. 128 Jan 49

An operable case of pedunculated localized mesothelioma of the pleura, a 62-year-old male, came to our clinic with chief complaint of chest X-ray abnormal shadow. On suspicion of pleural tumor, resection was performed. The operative findings revealed that the tumor was arising from visceral pleura of S1 + 2 a segment of left upper lobe, and didn't invade into peripheral tissue. The microscopic findings revealed that the tumor was consist of spindle tumor cells and capillary-like lesions, and had high cellularity and many mitosis. The tumor was diagnosed as localized malignant mesothelioma. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed using six monoclonal antibodies, vimentin, CEA, EMA, keratin (AE1, AE3), Leu-M1. Only vimentin reacted with tumor cells.
 ...
PMID:[An operated case of malignant localized mesothelioma of the pleura]. 140 76

Cervicovaginal smears from 2 women with postirradiation dysplasia, 4 women with postirradiation squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, 30 women with irradiation atypia and 5 healthy, nonirradiated women were stained immunohistochemically with six keratin antibodies. For four of the antibodies--CK19 (BA17), EMA, PKK-1 and CAM 5.2--squamous cells showing irradiation atypia, postirradiation dysplasia or postirradiation squamous cell carcinoma were more likely to stain positively than were nonirradiated squamous cells. For three of the antibodies in which multiple squamous cells stained positively, the proportion of squamous cells showing postirradiation dysplasia or postirradiation squamous cell carcinoma staining strongly was equal to or greater than the corresponding overall proportion for squamous cells showing irradiation atypia. This was statistically significant with only one antibody, PKK-1. No statistically significant differences were seen in staining of irradiated and nonirradiated squamous cells by MAK-6 and AE1:AE3. The data show that some keratin antigens are more often expressed in the irradiated groups and that there may be differences in the degree of antigen expression between squamous cells showing postirradiation dysplasia or postirradiation squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cells showing irradiation atypia.
 ...
PMID:Immunoperoxidase staining of cervicovaginal smears after radiotherapy. 158 Jan 12

Immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques should allow for a greater detection of bone marrow micrometastasis in patients with breast carcinoma. We studied a series of bone marrow (BM) biopsies negative by conventional histologic techniques from 93 patients with breast carcinoma. Prior to this study, twelve BM biopsies, positive by conventional histology, were stained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), directed either against cytokeratin (KL1, AE1-AE3, CAM5-2) or epithelial membrane antigen (EMA, HMFG2). KL1 appeared to be the most sensitive of the markers used in the detection of metastases and is available commercially. It therefore was the only MoAb used with the series of 93 BM biopsies negative by conventional examination. Within this series, among 45 patients clinically suspected of having bone marrow metastasis but with BM biopsies negative by conventional staining, one case showing myelofibrosis stained positive with KL1 demonstrating isolated tumor cells. For the 48 patients without suspicion of bone marrow metastasis at initial diagnosis for breast carcinoma, KL1 revealed no marrow metastasis. Single bone marrow biopsy techniques whether stained by conventional or IHC methods do not appear to be useful tests to detect occult bone marrow metastasis, especially at initial diagnosis of clinically Mo breast carcinoma patients.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical staining of bone marrow biopsies for detection of occult metastasis in breast cancer. 232 27

Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors (ECSCSs) may simulate Sertoli cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), and adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs), both clinically and pathologically. Differing clinical features and histologic findings are almost always successful in distinguishing these tumor types, although in some cases the differential diagnosis is difficult. Immunohistochemical staining of 17 ECSCSs, 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 15 AGCTs was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 902, and CAM 5.2), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (EMA, OM-1, B72.3, and carcinoembryonic antigen B1.1), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase, and lysozyme to determine the immunohistochemical profile of each tumor type and to define further the nature of the sex cord-like components in ECSCSs. All 17 ECSCSs, none of the 15 AGCTs, and one of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs stained with EMA. Staining for OM-1 was almost as helpful diagnostically, with positive results for 15 of 17 ECSCSs, 0/15 AGCTs, and 1/14 Sertoli cell or SLCTs. Antikeratins were immunoreactive with all the ECSCSs as well as some of the AGCTs and Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs. The B72.3 and B1.1 were immunoreactive with some ECSCSs and Sertoli cell tumors, but were nonreactive with AGCTs. Neuron-specific enolase was demonstrated in 11 of 17 ECSCSs, two of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 0 of 15 AGCTs. Vimentin, S-100, and lysozyme were least helpful in the differential diagnosis. These studies suggest that an immunohistochemical approach may be useful in the differentiation of ECSCSs and sex cord-stromal tumors. Furthermore, it supports the conclusion that the sex cord-like cells in ECSCSs are not Sertoli or granulosa cells, but cells of surface epithelial type growing in architectural patterns similar to those of sex cord-stromal tumors.
 ...
PMID:Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors. An immunohistochemical study. 247 93

The typical example of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) or dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (DFSP) does not require ancillary studies for diagnosis. However, hemorrhage with cystic change consisting of blood-filled spaces may closely mimic a vascular neoplasm. Eight fibrohistiocytic sarcomas exhibiting these angiomatoid features, initially mistaken for vascular neoplasms, were identified from personal consultation files and review of 157 consecutive sarcomas (1985 through 1993) at the University of California-(Davis) Medical Center. They included five MFH giant-cell-type sarcomas, two MFH angiomatoid-type sarcomas, and one DFSP. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded material showed vimentin diffuse positive, CD68 (KP-1) diffuse positive, and factor VIII negative in all eight sarcomas; actin HHF-45 focal positive in six, diffuse positive in one, and negative in one sarcoma; desmin focal positive in two and negative in six sarcomas; and S100 protein, cytokeratin AE1:AE3, cytokeratin 10.11, and EMA negative in all eight sarcomas. Electron microscopy of three tumors exhibited neoplastic cells with fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and histiocytic features. Weibel-Palade bodies or neolumens diagnostic of vascular differentiation were absent. The clinical characteristics and behavior of these sarcomas reflect entities in the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic lineage (MFH subtypes and DFSP) rather than vascular neoplasms. Patients with deep, large, giant-cell-type MFHs did poorly (two of four patients died from disease at 8 and 25 months). Both patients with angiomatoid MFHs showed local recurrences from large incompletely excised head and neck lesions. One died of disease at 21 months and the other is free of disease 12 months following excision of a local metastasis to the opposite side of the neck. The patient with DFSP had an 18-cm locally recurrent scalp tumor that extended into bone. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural confirmation of fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and histiocytic lineage and exclusion of vascular differentiation help to establish the correct diagnosis in these fibrohistiocytic sarcomas with angiomatoid features. The clinicopathologic features of these eight cases reaffirm the practical utility of MFH and DFSP as diagnostic entities in the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic sarcomas.
 ...
PMID:Angiomatoid features in fibrohistiocytic sarcomas. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and clinical distinction from vascular neoplasms. 748 9

We describe histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings in a case of littoral cell angioma of the spleen in a 44 year old man. Beside phagocytosis and heavy haemosiderin deposits in the cytoplasm, a very characteristic and hitherto undescribed feature of the littoral cells was focal accumulations of eosinophilic globules 0.5-2 microns in size, which often entirely filled the cytoplasm of the tumour cells. Ultrastructurally the globules were composed of abundant cytoplasmic deposits of lysosomes and residual bodies. The globules most probably originate from the phagocytized red blood cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Immunohistochemically the tumour cells reacted positively with antibodies against factor VIII-related antigen, KiM1P, KP1 and lysozyme and negatively with antibodies against cytokeratins AE1-AE3, EMA and S-100 protein. Ultrastructurally the tumour cells often formed long cytoplasmic processes without external lamina and pinocytic vesicles. Scarce and poorly formed junctions between the tumour cells were seen. Very rarely cytoplasmic rod-shaped microtubulated bodies, often difficult to distinguish from heavy accumulations of lysosomes were observed.
 ...
PMID:Littoral cell angioma of the spleen. A case report with ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations. 751 May 15

The glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare variant of nerve sheath neoplasms in which the focally occurring glands are lined by cells showing divergent differentiation. The vast majority of the reported nerve sheath tumors harboring these glands have been malignant. We herein present a case of benign glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a 43-year-old woman who had no evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. Histologically, the tumor is composed of spindle cell component and collections of glandular component. The glandular component occupied the central two-thirds of the lesion and was lined by a single layer of nonciliated cuboidal or columnar cells. No mitotic figures were recognized in the spindle cell area. This spindle cell area had neurofibroma-like features rather than schwannoma. Many of the spindle cells had positive reaction products for S-100 protein. The glandular lining epithelium were positive for cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, AE1/AE3, PKK1) and EMA. Some epithelial cells were immunoreactive for CEA, chromogranin, somatostatin and Leu-7. These immunohistochemical findings support the neuroendocrine differentiation of the epithelial element from the schwannian component.
 ...
PMID:Benign glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor. A case report. 752 35

Fifty breast capsules surrounding smooth and textured breast prostheses were reviewed histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally, and findings correlated with patient data. The histology of the capsules varied; although most consisted of a simple fibrocollagenous membrane, some were lined by organized, round to polyhedral cells similar to synovium. Histologically, the lining of the synovial type consisted of epithelioid cells overlying parallel bands of collagen, with basally located nuclei and cytoplasmic processes directed toward the surface and arranged within a well developed reticulin network. Immunohistochemically, the cells were vimentin positive, weakly positive focally for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme, and negative for EMA and AE1/AE3. Scanning electron photomicrographs showed a bosselated luminal lining overlying parallel bands of collagen. By transmission electron microscopy, both secretory and phagocytic cells could be distinguished. Some of the former were multinucleated. No basement membrane material could be identified, and cell junctions were rare. Histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally the lining appeared identical to synovium and to the synovial metaplasia that has been described in sutured skin, after repeated subcutaneous injections of air, the bone-cement interface of loose hip prostheses and adjacent to gliding silastic tendon reconstruction rods. The physical and chemical composition of the prostheses, the mechanical forces, and the developmental response of the host mesenchymal tissue are thought to influence the formation and maintenance of the synovial metaplasia of the breast capsule.
 ...
PMID:Histological assessment of fifty breast capsules from smooth and textured augmentation and reconstruction mammoplasty prostheses with emphasis on the role of synovial metaplasia. 805 2

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) is a protein growth factor whose pleiotropic effects on epithelial cells include the stimulation of motility, mitosis and tubulogenesis. These responses are mediated by the cell surface tyrosine kinase receptor c-met. Because both the cytokine and receptor are found in the gastrointestinal tract, we have studied the effects of HGF/SF on transformed gut epithelial cells which express c-met. Here we describe the response of a new transformed human jejunal epithelioid cell line (HIE-7) to HGF/SF. Morphologically HIE-7 cells are immature. Their epithelial lineage was confirmed by reactivity with the epithelial specific antibodies AE1/AE3, Cam 5.2, Ber-EP4 and anti-EMA and is consistent with their expression of c-met mRNA and protein. In addition, electron microscopic analysis revealed the presence of primitive junctions and rudimentary microvilli, but features of polarization were absent. When grown on reconstituted basement membranes, HIE-7 cells formed closely associated multicellular cord-like structures adjacent to acellular spaces. However, the cells did not mature structurally, form lumen-like structures or express disaccharidase mRNA, even in the presence of recombinant HGF (rHGF). On the other hand, rHGF induced HIE-7 cells to scatter and stimulated their rapid migration in a modified wound assay. To determine whether the mitogenic effect caused by rHGF is associated with HIE-7 cell invasiveness across reconstituted basement membranes, a Boyden chamber chemoinvasion assay was performed. rHGF stimulated a 10-fold increase in the number of HIE-7 cells that crossed the basement membrane barrier, while only stimulating a small increase in chemotaxis across a collagen IV matrix, suggesting that the cytokine activates matrix penetration by these cells. rHGF also stimulated the invasion of basement membranes by an undifferentiated rat intestinal cell line (IEC-6) and by two human colon cancer cell lines which are poorly differentiated (DLD-1 and SW 948). In contrast, two moderately well differentiated colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2 and HT-29) did not manifest an invasive response when exposed to rHGF. These results suggest that HGF/SF may play a significant role in the invasive behavior of anaplastic and poorly differentiated gut epithelial tumors.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocyte growth factor stimulates invasion across reconstituted basement membranes by a new human small intestinal cell line. 830 28


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>