Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyroid anaplastic (undifferentiated) carcinomas (TACs) comprise a morphologically heterogeneous group of tumors, which can arise in the background of differentiated papillary or follicular carcinoma. The thyroid epithelial differentiation varies in these tumors and has not been completely characterized. In this study, we immunohistochemically analyzed different variants TACs from 35 patients by using antibodies specific to 9 different keratin polypeptides, epithelial membrane antigen, thyroid transcription factor I (TTF-1), and thyroglobulin. These tumors were histologically divided into 3 categories: squamoid-cohesive (SC, 13 tumors), spindle cell sarcomatous (SS, 8 cases) and intermediate group, including tumors with giant cells and solid epithelioid components (GC, 18 tumors); 4 tumors had 2 components. The patients ages ranged from 40 to 89 years, with a mean age in all groups of 70 years. TTF-1 was present in only 2 of 9 of the SC tumors, and absent in all other TACs, but was present in entrapped differentiated components. Thyroglobulin was absent in all but 1 case. A complex keratin (K) pattern of stratified epithelia was typically seen in the SC tumors with extensive K7, K8, K17, K18, and K19, and variable K13 and K14 expression; EMA was also present. K16 was limited to squamous pearls in 1 tumor, and K10 was absent. The GC carcinomas typically had K8 and K18, whereas the expression of K7 was variable and that of K14, K17, and K19 sporadic; EMA was variably present in half of the cases. The keratins in spindle cell sarcomatous tumors were usually limited to K7, K8, and K18, often in limited numbers of cells. EMA was present in 1 case only. These results indicate a complex pattern of keratins in squamoid and giant cell TACs, similar to papillary carcinoma and suggesting the possibility of relationship. There was a progressive loss of epithelial differentiation and keratins in sarcomatoid TACs. Loss of TTF-1 is a nearly uniform feature of TAC and disallows the use of this marker to pinpoint a thyroid origin of these tumors.
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PMID:Variable expression of keratins and nearly uniform lack of thyroid transcription factor 1 in thyroid anaplastic carcinoma. 1101 83

Angiosarcoma of the thyroid is a rare and aggressive primary malignant tumor of the thyroid originally reported in patients from the Swiss Alpine region. Diagnosis of this tumor rests mainly on characteristic histopathological features of a malignant vascular tumor supported by immunopositivity for vascular markers e.g., CD31, Factor VIII, and CD34. Its cytological features, however, are not well-defined. We describe a case of primary angiosarcoma of the thyroid in a 48-year-old female, who presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass associated with compressive symptoms. She had a history of hypothyroidism. The initial fine needle aspiration cytology of the neck mass was negative. She then underwent left hemithyroidectomy. Histologically, the tumor showed poorly differentiated malignant cells with eccentrically-placed nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and intracytoplasmic vacuoles admixed with mixed inflammatory cells. These showed immunopositivity for CD31 but were negative for CD34, Factor VIII, CK5/6, EMA, TTF-1, Thyroglobulin, Calcitonin, Melan A, and Calretinin. A diagnosis of poorly differentiated malignant tumor consistent with angiosarcoma was made. The patient was treated with radiation therapy but developed recurrence of the tumor. Second aspiration cytology of the recurrent tumor yielded hypocellular smears containing singularly dispersed atypical cells having eccentrically-placed nuclei with prominent macronucleoli and intracytoplasmic vacuoles within a background of inflammatory cells, consistent with recurrent angiosarcoma. Chemotherapy was started but she succumbed to the disease 7 months after diagnosis. The cytological, histopathological, immunohistochemical findings, and the clinical course are discussed.
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PMID:Primary angiosarcoma of the thyroid gland with recurrence diagnosed by fine needle aspiration: a case report. 1930 11

Parathyroid gland carcinoma is a rare malignancy. The tumor is mostly functioning, causing severe hyperparathyroidism, with high serum calcium level and severe bone disease. Non-functioning parathyroid carcinomas are extremely rare. We report on a 60-year-old male patient admitted to ENT Department due to a large neck tumor mass compressing the thyroid and trachea. Preoperatively, thyroid hormone, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium serum levels were normal. The following immunohistochemical markers (DAKO, Denmark) were used: bcl-2; CD-10; Chromogranin-A; Cyclin-D1; EMA; Ki-67; Mdm-2; p-53; PGP-9,5; RCC; Synaptophysin; Thyroglobulin; and TTF-1. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated the diagnosis of a primary parathyroid gland carcinoma. Tumor cells showed diffusely positive immunohistochemical staining with chromogranin-A and PGP-9,5, positive staining of variable intensity with synaptophysin, and weakly positive reaction with EMA. Also, the cytoplasm of tumor cells was diffusely positively stained with bcl-2, while the nuclei showed positive reaction with p-53 oncogene and TTF-1. The remaining markers (CD-10, cyclin-D1, Ki-67, Mdm-2, RCC and thyroglobulin) were negative. Four years after the surgery, the patient died from renal carcinoma pulmonary metastases and liver cirrhosis complications. In conclusion, non-functioning parathyroid gland carcinoma is a very rare disease. Detailed immunohistochemical analysis is needed to distinguish it from other thyroid and parathyroid neoplasms and metastatic carcinoma. Surgical treatment is presently the best mode of therapy.
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PMID:Non-functioning parathyroid gland carcinoma: case report. 2226 88