Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have derived a cell line, RE1, from a pre-implantation rat blastocyst, resembling morphologically the L2 cell line from a parietal yolk sac carcinoma of the rat, as well as parietal endoderm cell lines of the mouse. The sub-cellular organization and epithelial characteristics of RE1 cells are described. The cells express cytokeratins of simple epithelia, and vimentin; and demonstrate synthesis of proteins of the extracellular matrix, such as laminin and collagen IV. Extensive Reichert's-like basement membrane is formed by RE1 cells when grown in suspension as aggregates. Cells have a microvillous surface morphology and abundant, rough endoplasmic reticulum which is swollen with apparent secretory material. These morphological and cytochemical features are characteristic of parietal endoderm cells in vivo, and the RE1 cell line is deduced to be rat parietal endoderm. In addition, RE1 cells were examined for expression of stage-specific embryonic antigens: cells reacted with antibody against SSEA-1/TEC-1 and EMA-1, constituting the first observation of parietal endoderm cells expressing the respective epitopes. RE1-cell monolayers did not generate transepithelial resistances or potential differences in vitro, consistent with their formation of leaky epithelia. Our observations on RE1-cell morphology and ultrastructure are consistent with the occurrence of epithelial-mesenchyme transitions in culture.
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PMID:Parietal endoderm cell line from a rat blastocyst. 1116 60

182 control Beagle dogs from 23 historical studies (14 chronic, 9 subchronic) were reviewed histologically for the presence of Renaut bodies in the sciatic nerve. Renaut bodies were found in 36.1 percent of the subchronic-study dogs and in 46.4 percent of the chronic-study dogs. The Renaut bodies most often resided in the distal sections of the sciatic nerve, specifically in the tibial branch as it traversed the knee joint in situ. There was no sex predilection. Renaut bodies were located predominately in the endoneurium, in the center of the nerve sections. There was no associated axonal degeneration, reactive gliosis, or encapsulation. The Renaut bodies were characterized as large (20 to 500 microns diameter in cross section), well-demarcated elliptical structures with an onion-skin arrangement of loosely textured, filamentous strands intermixed with sparse numbers of dark spindle-shaped nuclei. Occasionally the core displayed a more dense, intensely eosinophilic arrangement of fibers. Histochemical results included: positive acidic alcian blue, Gomori's trichrome, and Verhoeff Van Gieson's; and negative Periodic-acid Schiff, Congo Red, and Luxol fast blue/cresyl violet. Immunohistochemical results included: positive vimentin and collagen (subtypes I, II, and VI); and negative NSE, S-100, GFAP, amyloid A component, desmin, alpha-sarcomeric actin, pancytokeratin, EMA, and von Willebrand factor. Transmission electron microscopy revealed loosely arrayed, circumferentially oriented collagen fibers intermixed with varying amounts of amorphous substance and finely fibrillar material. Most of the cells comprising the Renaut body were identified as fibroblasts. No nerve fibers entered or left the Renaut body, and nearby nerves appeared to be normal structurally. Based on this characterization of Renaut bodies and in conjunction with the past literature, Renaut bodies appear to have little or no pathological significance, but rather are suggestive of a physiological adaptation in response to mechanical stress imposed on nerves.
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PMID:Renaut bodies in the sciatic nerve of beagle dogs. 1137 Jul 29

Sclerosing perineurioma is a rare, recently described variant of perineurioma that tends to affect the fingers and palms of adolescents or young adults. The process typically presents as a painless, well-circumscribed, unencapsulated nodule involving subcutis or reticular dermis. To our knowledge, all of the previously reported sclerosing perineuriomas were solitary. Hence, we report a 16-year-old boy, without stigmata of neurofibromatosis, who developed one sclerosing perineurioma in the right palm and another on the left index finger. Microscopically, tumours at both sites revealed small epithelioid and plump spindle cells with trabecular, whorled, or Indian file growth pattern enmeshed within extensively hyalinizing stroma. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells showed strong reactivity for EMA but negative staining for S-100 and neurofilament. Ultrastructually, the tumour cells in both lesions exhibited features of perineurial cells, including discontinuous external basal lamina, occasional pinocytotic vesicles, and encirclement of abundant collagen fibrils by the interdigitating cytoplasmic processes. This case confirms the fact that sclerosing perineurioma is not always solitary.
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PMID:Sclerosing perineuriomas affecting bilateral hands. 1184 80

We report a case of a 65-year-old man with rare prostatic stromal sarcoma in which suprapubital radical prostatectomy was performed, but neither chemotherapy nor radiation therapy were administered before or after the operation. The well-circumscribed tumor, measuring 5 cm in diameter, showed a homogeneous white grayish cut surface with a hard consistency. Histopathologically, the tumor consisted mainly of medium-sized rounded cells with a sarcomatous and epithelioid appearance intermingled with collagen fiber. Hyalinized foci were also noted in the tumor. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and focally positive for progesterone receptor and CD34, but not for EMA, cytokeratin or estrogen receptor. No recurrence or distant metastasis of the tumor has occurred in 8 years of follow up. The tumor was diagnosed as prostatic stromal sarcoma (PSS) showing epithelioid differentiation and of a progesterone-dependent nature. Possible favorable nature of the PSS might be expected after complete resection.
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PMID:Prostatic stromal sarcoma: case report and review of the literature. 1278 17

Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage-forming tumors that represent the second most common malignant solid tumor of bone. These biologically poorly understood neoplasms vary considerably in clinical presentation and biologic behavior. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are generally ineffective. Here we describe the establishment and characterization of a new human chondrosarcoma cell line named ch-2879, and we compare the cell line with its tumor of origin. The cell line was established from a recurrent grade 3 chondrosarcoma of the chest wall and characterized by growth kinetics and morphologic studies. Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR were performed to examine the expression of cartilage-specific phenotypes. Genetic characterization was performed using cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, flow cytometry, and molecular techniques for analysis of the genes implicated in cell cycle control, amplification of MDM2, CDK4, and Cyclin D1, and mutations in the p53 gene. ch-2879 cells were subcultured for more than 80 passages. They expressed vimentin, HNK-1, HBA-71, Ki-67, cyclin D1, Fli-1, S-100, p21, p27, and p53 and were negative for cytokeratin, EMA, p14, p16, MDM2, Rb, and c-erb-b2 antigens. Cytogenetically the recurrent tumor showed a hyperhaploid karyotype with clonal numerical and structural abnormalities. The sole structural abnormality was a chromosome derivative of a t(1;21) translocation. The cell line at passage 3 showed two populations: the hyperhaploid and an exactly duplicated, hypotriploid population. After the 18th passage, only the hypotriploid population was present. The cells expressed collagen 2. Molecular comparison of the primary and recurrent tumor evidenced an in vivo molecular change consisting of a deletion of 9p21 genes in the recurrence, probably caused by a selection process. Because of its gene expression profile, including expression of genes implicated in chondrogenesis in uncoated plastic dishes, this cell line may prove useful for cellular and molecular studies as well as studies of chondrosarcoma characterization and treatment.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a continuous human chondrosarcoma cell line, ch-2879: comparative histologic and genetic studies with its tumor of origin. 1280 23

We describe here the establishment of a new synovial sarcoma cell line, SYO-1, derived from a biphasic synovial sarcoma that developed in the groin of a 19-year-old female. The cell line was maintained for more than 70 passages (more than 24 months) in vitro. The SYO-1 cells in monolayer culture exhibited a spindle shape without conspicuous pleomorphism. Immunohistochemically, the cells were positive for vimentin, type IV collagen, S-100, mdm2, bcl-2, c-Met and c-Kit. Tumors developed by their implantation in nude mice histologically showed biphasic features that were composed of areas of fascicles of spindle cells and areas of compact proliferation of polygonal to ovoid cells, which occasionally formed epithelial plaque and expressed cytokeratin and EMA. SYO-1 cells harbored the characteristic t(X;18)(p11.2;q11.2) translocation by chromosome analysis and SYT-SSX2 chimeric transcript by RT-PCR. The SYO-1 cells, the first characterized cell line derived from biphasic synovial sarcoma retaining the characteristic genetic and phenotypic features of the tumor, will be useful for various investigations on synovial sarcoma, especially for its epithelial differentiation.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a biphasic synovial sarcoma cell line, SYO-1. 1474 40

We describe a case of a poorly differentiated monophasic synovial sarcoma arising in the lung of a 50-year-old man. The tumor, which was located in the right upper lobe, was lobulated, relatively well-circumscribed, and whitish to yellowish in color. Microscopically, it was composed exclusively of ovoid to polygonal or short spindle cells, with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and relatively scant cytoplasm, arranged in solid sheets or in a hemangiopericytomatous pattern with intervening wiry collagen fibers. At the periphery of the tumor, entrapped benign alveolar epithelium produced a pseudo-biphasic appearance. In some areas, an abundance of keloidal collagen imparted a close resemblance to a solitary fibrous tumor, making it difficult to establish the diagnosis on the initial needle biopsy, although the malignant nature of the tumor was suggested because of nuclear anaplasia. Immunohistochemically, the tumor was positive for cytokeratin AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, EMA, vimentin, bcl-2 protein, calretinin, and CD34. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using RNA extracted from fresh-frozen tissue, demonstrated SYT/SSX-1 fusion transcripts, confirming the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma. Microscopic examination demonstrated metastatic deposits in hilar lymph nodes. This case indicates that a primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma, particularly in its poorly differentiated form, is a diagnostically challenging and highly aggressive neoplasm typically found at an advanced stage.
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PMID:Primary poorly differentiated monophasic synovial sarcoma of the lung. A case report with immunohistochemical and genetic studies. 1864 80

Increasing numbers of solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) in the meninges have been reported since this entity was first recognized. While most cases previously reported were considered to be benign, the malignant potential of extrathoracic SFTs has not been excluded. The authors report a rare case of a meningeal SFT with malignant behavior occurring in a Japanese female patient, initially resected when she was 44 years old and recurring in the same place four times during a 26-year follow-up period. A metastatic tumor to the right lung arose 25 years after the resection of the first meningeal tumor and focal invasion into the cerebellum was also observed with her last (5th) meningeal tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis showed all tumors to be diffusely positive for CD34 and negative for EMA, with a so-called "patternless" histological pattern, featuring thin collagen fibers between tumor cells. A focal "staghorn" vascular pattern was also observed. Ki67 (MIB-1) labeling indices and mitosis rates were 3.1+/-1.2% and less than 1/10 high power fields (HPF) in the first meningeal tumor and 16.1+/-6.4% and 6/10HPF in the last (5th) one, respectively. Thus, the present case suggests that meningeal SFTs possess malignant potential so that careful long-term follow up is required.
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PMID:Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the meninges. 1501 90

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS), usually a deeply situated mass in adults, is uncommon in superficial soft tissue and in children. Nineteen superficial LGFMS from our files were studied for clinicopathologic features, the latter including tumor size, growth pattern, cellularity, collagen rosettes, vascularity, nuclear atypia, mitotic rate, necrosis, and immunophenotype. The patients included 12 males and 7 females who ranged in age from 2 to 70 years (mean, 29 years). There were 7 children. Tumor locations included the lower extremity (8), buttock (3), trunk (3), vulva/inguinal region (2), upper extremity (2), and unspecified subcutis (1). Clinical and histologic submitting diagnoses were mainly benign except for 3 cases, submitted as low-grade sarcoma, with only one as superficial LGFMS. The mean tumor size was 4.2 cm (range, 1.6-18 cm). Of 15 with evaluable resections, 5 had focal ink on tumor and 2 of these had known negative wider reexcisions. The tumors were relatively well circumscribed with low to moderate cellularity. The tumors alternated from myxoid zones with prominent curvilinear vasculature to collagenous fascicular zones. Collagen rosettes with peripheral round epithelioid cells and focal ischemic necrosis were present in 6 cases each. Mitotic rate was low (mean 1.6/50 HPF). Tumor cells were positive for vimentin and some were focally positive for actins, CD68, and EMA. CD34, keratins, and S-100 protein were negative. Follow-up (mean, 44 months; range, 10-84 months) on 16 patients demonstrated 14 with no evidence for disease, 2 with local recurrences at 5 and 16 months, but no metastases. Superficial LGFMS is more common than previously recognized and may affect children at a higher rate (7 of 19, 37%) than that for deep LGFMS. The prognosis is good and appears to be better than that for deep LGFMS.
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PMID:Superficial low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (Evans tumor): a clinicopathologic analysis of 19 cases with a unique observation in the pediatric population. 1564 77

An immunohistochemical investigation of 12 primary biphasic synovial sarcomas was carried out. Highly frequent expression of vimentin, EMA and pan-cytokeratin (cytokeratin AE1/AE3) and low frequency of collagen type II and VI expression in the extracellular matrix of tumors were estallished.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characterization of biphasic synovial sarcomas]. 1590 13


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