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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An unusual and, apparently, hitherto undescribed congenital lesion of the scalp which proved to be heterotopic meningothelial tissue is reported, and its clinical, morphological, and theoretical implications are reviewed. A 14-month-old male infant exhibited a soft tissue lesion on the midline of the parietal scalp since birth. The lesion had grown in size since birth. Histological examination showed an admixture of mature adipose tissue, bands consisting of bundles and small nodules of dense collagen, both enclosed and bordered by rests and strands of meningothelial cells. A network of vessel-like channels lined by plump hyperchromatic cells with spindle-shaped nuclei and occasionally multinucleated giant cells was one of the prominent features. Immunohistochemically, these cells were positive for vimentin, but staining was negative for EMA and all other antibodies tested. A fibrocollagenous stalk via bony defect showed no arachnoid cell rests. The authors believe that the herein described lesion and the hamartoma of the scalp described by Suster and Rosai (1990) may represent varying morphological expressions of a pathogenetically related process. Precautions appropriate to the possibility of intracranial extension must be taken at the time of surgery.
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PMID:Meningothelial hamartoma of the scalp. A case report with immunohistochemical studies. 128 66

The growth and differentiation of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) were studied after propagation of serial cultures from breast tissue biopsies from 42 mammoplasty patients. Cells were grown for up to 7 mo. in low calcium medium. HMEC cultures displayed heterogeneous growth patterns, according to the average doubling time of 44 +/- 6 h for 32 generations. Proliferation peaked at Day 30. HMEC maintained a normal karyotype and were organized in ductlike structures when cultured in collagen gel matrix. The cultures retained several phenotype traits of the epithelial lineage, including the expression of cytokeratins 18 and 19, specific mammary gland antigens, as shown by indirect HMEC immunostaining by the monoclonal antibodies DF3, EMA, 7B10, and 1BE12. Estrogen receptors were undetectable, whereas progesterone receptors were present at very low density. High-affinity cell surface receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF) (Kd = 1.1 x 10(-10) M) were observed at a density of 50,000 to 100,000 sites per cell. Accordingly, [3H]thymidine incorporation in HMEC was optimally stimulated by EGF at concentrations of 10(-11) to 10(-10) M. HMEC were also seen to possess functional VIP receptors linked to the adenylate cyclase system, as we previously observed in seven human breast cancer cell lines. These results show that long-term cultures of HMEC provide useful models for studying the growth and differentiation of the normal human mammary gland, and the role of growth factors and hormones in these functions.
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PMID:Characterization of normal breast epithelial cells in primary cultures: differentiation and growth factor receptors studies. 128 13

An immunohistochemical study of 5 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast was performed with antibodies against keratin, EMA, vimentin, S-100 protein, alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen IV. Results show the following: 1) ACC may be diagnosed and differentiated from ductal carcinoma (invasive or in situ). The key to diagnosis is positivity within tumor masses of alpha-smooth muscle actin, a specific marker for myoepithelial cells. Actin-rich cells are not generally observed in ductal carcinomas, except at the periphery of a few invaded ducts, corresponding to a residual myoepithelial cell layer. Other markers may be positive in both ACC and ductal carcinoma; these are not specific and only the percentage and distribution of positive cells are helpful for diagnosis (small clusters of keratin-positive cells in ACC "versus" most positive cells in ductal carcinoma). 2) The functional pleomorphism of the cell population is underlined with cells differentiating towards epithelium and myoepithelium stained by corresponding markers, and undifferentiated cells unstained by any marker. These results confirm the value of an immunohistochemical study in the diagnosis of ACC of the breast.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast. Value of immunohistochemical study in diagnosis. 164 11

Changes in the basement membrane (BM) in atrophic tubules in human kidney biopsies were studied by electron microscopy and by immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections with antibodies against collagen type I, type III, type IV, laminin, EMA, keratin and vimentin. The BM showed different degrees of thickening with formation of reduplications which contained fibrocytes. Remnants of cytoplasm of epithelial cells and fibrocytes were incorporated in the thickened BM. This showed signs of lysis and disintegration, indicating that the redundant BM formed by the epithelial cells is removed, although imperfectly, by interstitial cells. Thinning of the BM was another frequent finding. Immunohistochemistry showed a clear reactivity for collagen type IV and laminin in all BM material. The epithelial cells showed multilayering and a peculiar type of dark cells extending underneath adjacent cells and separating them from their BM attachment.
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PMID:Basement membrane changes in atrophic tubules in the human kidney. 210 47

The appearance and distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) was documented along the migratory route of chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs). The antimouse embryonal carcinoma cell antibody, EMA-1, was used to label PGCs (Urven et al.: Development 103:299-304, 1988). Antibodies against laminin, fibronectin, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and collagen type IV were used to label extracellular matrix components. When the PGCs emerged from the epiblast, all four ECM molecules were restricted principally to the basement membrane of the epiblast. Chondroitin sulfate was also located between hypoblast cells during this period. In late germinal crescent stages, when the PGCs entered the lumina of blood vessels, the same ECM molecules were more widespread in the mesoderm and in extracellular spaces. In addition, laminin and collagen type IV were identified on lateral surfaces of ectodermal cells at this stage. When the germ cells moved through the mesenchyme into the germinal ridge, the ECM molecules were found around mesenchymal cells, and, in the cases of laminin, fibronectin and collagen type IV, in the basement membranes of the germinal ridge epithelia. Because the appearance of these ECM components is temporally and spatially correlated with the movement of PGCs, we suggest that early PGC migration may depend on their timely appearance.
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PMID:Distribution of extracellular matrix in the migratory pathway of avian primordial germ cells. 249 21

The relationship between biphasic (BSS) and monophasic (MSS) subtypes of synovial sarcoma (SS) as well as the relationship between cells of solid/glandular areas and the spindle cells of BSS remain controversial. In order to further evaluate the immunohistochemical phenotype of SS we studied 34 primary tumours (15 BSS; 19 MSS), 7 recurrences (4 from primary BSS; 3 from primary MSS) and 8 metastases (7 BSS; one MSS), using several antibodies (EMA, CEA, keratins 1, 4, 5/6, 7, 8, 13, 18, 19, 20, vimentin, collagen IV and laminin) that work in paraffin-embedded material. Spindle cells outside solid/glandular areas of BSS and in MSS showed immunoreactivity for keratins 5/6, 7, 8, 18 and 19. The transition of solid/glandular areas to surrounding spindle cells also showed keratin staining and failed to show a distinct separation regarding the immunoreactivity for laminin and collagen IV. Peripheral cells of solid/glandular areas were immunoreactive for vimentin. No major differences were observed between immunophenotypical cell profiles of BSS and MSS, apart from the exclusive immunostaining of solid/glandular areas of BSS for keratin 13 and CEA. Downgrading of keratin and extracellular matrix antigens immunoreactivity was observed when primary tumours were compared to recurrent and/or metastatic tumours of both subtypes (MSS and BSS). We conclude that SS should be regarded as carcinomas of soft tissues with an immunohistochemical phenotype depending on the degree of epithelial differentiation: spindle cells (MSS and BSS) predominantly expressing simple keratins, and poorly differentiated (solid/glandular) as well as well-differentiated (glandular) areas (BSS) expressing, in addition, complex epithelial-type keratins.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical profile of synovial sarcoma with emphasis on the epithelial-type differentiation. A study of 49 primary tumours, recurrences and metastases. 752 Jan 65

The expression of epithelial markers (cytokeratins, Filaggrin, BerEp4 and EMA), collagen IV and Ki67 was studied immunohistochemically in cholesteatoma and compared with that in epidermis of meatal skin, squamous epithelium of eardrum and simple epithelium of middle ear mucosa. MNF116 (cytokeratin 10, 17, 18) stained the full layer of normal epithelium and all cholesteatoma specimens. CK10 and Filaggrin were expressed in the upper layer of epidermis but more diffusely in cholesteatoma. BerEp4 was found in the basal layer of normal epithelium but was detected in most epithelial cells in cholesteatoma matrix. Variability was observed in EMA and CK14 immunostaining. Collagen IV was localized in the basement membrane of normal epithelium with a continuously staining pattern, an observation also made in the cholesteatomas studied. However, in one of these small areas the basement membrane was not stained with collagen IV. Ki67 was expressed in nuclei of the cells in the basal layer of normal epithelium but extended to epithelial cells in the upper layers of cholesteatoma matrix. The results of the present study indicate that the expression pattern of epithelial markers in cholesteatoma corresponds to that in normal epidermis. The increasing expression of BerEp4 and Ki67 confirms the hyperproliferative nature of cholesteatoma. Whether or not the lack of expression of collagen IV in one of the cholesteatomas reflects a true degradation of the basement membrane needs further investigation in extended materials.
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PMID:Antigen expression of epithelial markers, collagen IV and Ki67 in middle ear cholesteatoma. An immunohistochemical Study. 752 Nov 7

"Collagenous spherulosis" is the term used to describe striking concentric and radiating formations of collagen in tumors. It was originally used for these formations in epithelial tumors of the breast and subsequently in tumors of salivary glands. Recently, the histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features were described in a chondroid syringoma. We report a case of collagenous spherulosis in a schwannoma. Routine histologic sections showed a circumscribed tumor in which the predominant feature was radiating fibrillar structures that tended to compress the cellular component of the tumor. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein but negative for keratin. EMA showed a positive reaction in a thin band of cells around the periphery of the tumor consistent with perineurial cells. Type IV collagen stained around the periphery of the collagen formations. Electron microscopy revealed that the material was consistent with collagen. Our findings were essentially identical to those reported in the chondroid syringoma. This case confirms the findings of the previous study and shows that these unusual formations are not confined to tumors of epithelial origin. Because the architecture of the tumor is distorted, special stains may be required for correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Collagenous spherulosis in a schwannoma. 752 76

Four cases of perineurioma (storiform perineurial fibroma) arising in the dermis, subcutis, or deep soft tissue have been studied. Two patients were female and two were male with ages ranging from 19 to 45 years. One lesion each arose on the chest wall, shoulder, neck, and elbow. Follow-up information in three patients revealed no recurrence. Histologically, the neoplasms were circumscribed but non-encapsulated lesions and were composed of spindle cells with elongated bipolar cytoplasmic processes, inconspicuous fusiform nuclei and well-defined palely eosinophilic cytoplasm. These cells were arranged in whorls or lamellar-like structures and often demonstrated a storiform growth pattern. In areas, the tumour cells appeared larger with more rounded nuclei. Immunohistochemically, most of the tumour cells stained positive for epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, but failed to stain for S-100 protein, neurofilament, desmoplakin, and CD34. Ultrastructurally, two cases showed fusiform tumour cells with long, thin cell processes separated by abundant collagen bundles. Tumour cells were covered by discontinuous external lamina, showed many pinocytic vesicles and occasionally desmosome-like structures. The morphology and EMA immunopositivity of perineurioma are similar to meningioma, especially to cutaneous meningioma type II. We believe that perineurioma and meningioma are closely related, but morphologically distinguishable, neoplasms.
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PMID:Perineurioma (storiform perineurial fibroma): clinico-pathological analysis of four cases. 782 94

Fifty breast capsules surrounding smooth and textured breast prostheses were reviewed histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally, and findings correlated with patient data. The histology of the capsules varied; although most consisted of a simple fibrocollagenous membrane, some were lined by organized, round to polyhedral cells similar to synovium. Histologically, the lining of the synovial type consisted of epithelioid cells overlying parallel bands of collagen, with basally located nuclei and cytoplasmic processes directed toward the surface and arranged within a well developed reticulin network. Immunohistochemically, the cells were vimentin positive, weakly positive focally for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme, and negative for EMA and AE1/AE3. Scanning electron photomicrographs showed a bosselated luminal lining overlying parallel bands of collagen. By transmission electron microscopy, both secretory and phagocytic cells could be distinguished. Some of the former were multinucleated. No basement membrane material could be identified, and cell junctions were rare. Histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally the lining appeared identical to synovium and to the synovial metaplasia that has been described in sutured skin, after repeated subcutaneous injections of air, the bone-cement interface of loose hip prostheses and adjacent to gliding silastic tendon reconstruction rods. The physical and chemical composition of the prostheses, the mechanical forces, and the developmental response of the host mesenchymal tissue are thought to influence the formation and maintenance of the synovial metaplasia of the breast capsule.
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PMID:Histological assessment of fifty breast capsules from smooth and textured augmentation and reconstruction mammoplasty prostheses with emphasis on the role of synovial metaplasia. 805 2


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