Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of a polypoidal carcinoma with a pseudosarcomatous stromal reaction is presented. Histologically, the polypoidal tumor of the lower esophagus was revealed to be an adenosquamous cell carcinoma associated with the proliferation of atypical stromal cells, osteoclastic-like giant cells, and histiocytes. Using an immunohistochemical stain, these stromal atypical cells were found to be positive for vimentin, with some cells positive for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. However these atypical cells proved negative as epithelial markers (keratin and EMA). Thus, it was felt that such atypical stromal cells may be a reactive proliferation of the stromal cells to an adenosquamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[A polypoidal adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with a pseudosarcomatous stromal reaction]. 234 61

Twenty percent (n = 6) of Stage III or IV breast cancer patients (n = 30) had bone marrow metastases detected in bilateral bone marrow biopsy/aspiration preparations using standard histologic preparations. Each metastasis was also detected by four separate monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which recognize breast carcinoma associated antigens (DF3, anti-EMA, HMFG-2, and CAM5.2). These MAbs were then utilized to stain other bone marrow preparations (n = 81) to determine their utility for the detection of micrometastatic breast carcinoma. MAbs HMFG-2, anti-EMA, and DF3 were each strongly reactive with bone marrows containing histologically-evident metastatic breast carcinoma (18/18). These anti-epithelial membrane antigen MAbs, however, were also reactive with rare plasma cells and immature cells (as well as cell clusters) in some of the control bone marrow samples tested, including those from normal patients and patients with hematologic disorders. They also reacted with some of the preparations from patients with leukemia and lymphoma, and with uninvolved marrows from patients with non-epithelial malignancies. The anti-keratin MAb CAM5.2, in contrast, reacted with 83% (15/18) breast cancer metastases and failed to stain any cells in the various categories of control marrow preparations. These data suggested that MAb CAM5.2 might be utilized to immunohistochemically differentiate micrometastatic breast carcinoma from immature myeloid or erythroid elements. Each MAb was then reacted with histologically uninvolved marrow preparations from the remaining 24 of 30 breast cancer patients in an attempt to identify occult breast carcinoma metastases. While MAbs HMFG-2, DF3, and anti-EMA demonstrated reactive cells in some of these marrows, this reactivity was similar to that seen with control preparations. MAb CAM5.2, in contrast, was negative with all specimens. These data suggest that MAb CAM5.2 may be a useful immunologic probe for the detection and confirmation of metastatic breast carcinoma in bone marrow, while more caution must be employed in the interpretation of results obtained using MAbs anti-EMA, DF3, and HMFG-2.
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PMID:Comparison of monoclonal antibodies for the detection of occult breast carcinoma metastases in bone marrow. 245 2

The expression of keratins, CEA, EMA, and rat liver antigen (RLA) and the presence of Ki67+ proliferating cells were studied in the epithelial linings of 50 odontogenic cysts using an indirect immunoperoxidase method on acetone-fixed frozen sections. All cysts were positive with monoclonal antibodies of broad keratin specificity (CK1, AE1-3), and between 40 and 100 per cent of epithelial cells expressed keratins 13 and 19. Keratins 7, 8, and 18 were rarely expressed although surface cells in areas of mucous metaplasia often expressed keratins 7 and 18. Expression of keratin 10/11 was related to the presence of a well-ordered epithelial lining and was detected in isolated cells in 4/32 non-keratinizing cysts and in the upper suprabasal cell layers of 17/18 keratocysts. Although CEA, EMA, and RLA were detected in the epithelium of all specimens, the pattern of expression of CEA and EMA differed between cyst types. Ki67+ proliferating cells were most prevalent in keratocyst epithelia, where they were usually found within lower suprabasal layers which were negative or weakly positive for keratins 10/11 and 13. These results indicate differences in keratin, CEA, and EMA expression between cyst types which appear to be dependent on epithelial differentiation/structure rather than cyst type or histogenesis. Although these differences may not be of diagnostic significance, the consistent expression of both keratins 13 and 19 may provide a useful marker of odontogenic epithelium in general.
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PMID:Epithelial cell markers and proliferating cells in odontogenic jaw cysts. 246 98

Six cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast were reviewed. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out for actin, S-100 protein, EMA, keratin, CEA, vimentin, NSE, alpha-lactalbumin, and lysozyme. Fine needle aspiration biopsy smears of five patients were also reexamined. Patients were treated by tumorectomy, quadrantectomy, or modified radical mastectomy. Axillary dissection was carried out in five cases, with negative lymph nodes in all. Five patients are alive without evidence of disease from 1 year 10 months to 13 years 4 months following surgery. One patient died 7 1/4 years after mastectomy, without evidence of disease. Histologically, a diagnostic biphasic cellular pattern was seen in all cases. In addition, several unusual features were encountered in some cases: squamous metaplasia, stromal myxoid pseudocartilaginous foci, and well-formed neoplastic ducts. Actin and/or S-100 protein were variably positive in all cases. The reaction was usually present in occasional basaloid cells predominantly at the periphery of neoplastic structures. Keratin, EMA, and CEA immunostaining disclosed ductal type cells in all cases. Vimentin was positive in four cases, usually in many basaloid cells. Aspiration cytology was suspicious in two cases and yielded a definitive diagnosis of ACC in three cases. Cytologic diagnosis was based on cellular morphology and on the presence of characteristic globoid structures. Immunohistochemical results show that in ACC dual myoepithelial-ductal differentiation occurs but is relatively limited. Most of the tumor cells are not differentiated ("indifferent" cells) and often express strong vimentin positivity. Such cells are regarded as precursor cells for either differentiated element. Unusual metaplastic changes in breast ACC suggest a possible relation with pleomorphic adenoma-type tumors, and this might be of prognostic significance.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: a histologic, cytologic, and immunohistochemical study. 247 45

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the histogenesis of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. Eleven cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the minor salivary glands and five of the major glands were extensively studied employing immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic techniques. Both the intermediate cells and the duct cells showed a rather similar pattern of reactivity for vimentin, actin and EMA. Also, the intermediate cells and the myoepithelial cells showed a similar reaction pattern for keratin and UGA-1. The intermediate, myoepithelial and duct cells shared a similar reaction pattern for desmin, myosin, CEA, and S-100 protein. However, the rest of the tumor markers studied (AFP, PNA and WGA) were found to be non contributary. We also found that the intermediate and to some extent the epidermoid tumor cells showed a positive reaction with Azophloxine GA, which is a selective stain for myoepithelial cells in the normal glands. Based on these findings, the duct cells, the myoepithelial cell in the normal glands and the intermediate cells of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma share certain similar characteristics. The intermediate cells may actually be a mixed population, some having characteristics of the myopithelial cells and others of duct cells. These findings are relevant to the possible role of the intermediate cell in the histogenesis of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic study of histogenesis of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. 247 19

Fourteen cases of synoviosarcoma were investigated by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical technique (PAP) using keratin and EMA as epithelial markers, vimentin as a mesenchymal marker. Of the 14 cases 9 were biphasic (BS) and 5 were monophasic synoviosarcoma (MS). In BS, epithelial-like cells, glandular, tubular of slit-like structures, junctional complex, microvilli at the luminar surface and basal lamellae at bottom could be easily seen. Spindle cells both in BS and MS were similar. These cells had somewhat similarity with epithelia-like cells, such as slender cell processes or microvilli, the external lamellae and cell junctions. The spindle cells also formed some slit-like structures. Collagenization was mild in matrix. Whether in BS or MS, epithelial or spindle cells, there were positive reactions for keratin, EMA and vimentin. The present study suggests that synoviosarcoma is neither a tumor of synovium origin nor a sarcoma of synovial differentiation, but a carcinosarcoma or adenosarcoma of soft tissues; the monophasic type is not a variant of fibrosarcoma either. It really is a distinct variant of synoviosarcoma. The expressions of both epithelial and mesenchymal features are useful criteria for diagnosis of synoviosarcoma.
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PMID:[Primary study of histogenesis and diagnosis of synoviosarcoma]. 256 Apr 60

We report a case of extramammary Paget's disease arising in the anogenital region in association with an underlying sweat gland microcarcinoma. Paget's cells were investigated with monoclonal anti-EMA and anti-cytokeratin antigen and with mono- and polyclonal anti-CEA antigen. Positive immunostaining was observed in Paget's cells and in the underlining tumor, whereas keratinocytes and melanocytes did not stain. CEA was also detected in cells and secretions of normal apocrine glands. The immunohistochemical use of polyclonal anti-keratin and anti-S-100 protein antigen is helpful in differentiating Paget's disease from other morphologically similar skin lesions, such as Bowen's disease and superficial spreading melanoma in situ.
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PMID:[Extramammary Paget's disease. Immunocytochemical study and histogenetic considerations]. 256 6

The clinical and pathologic features of 70 examples of carcinosarcoma (CS) of the breast are reported. Thirty-three neoplasms had infiltrating carcinoma, seven had in situ carcinoma, and 28 had both admixed or contiguous with the sarcomatous component. Squamous carcinoma, present in 15 neoplasms, was the exclusive epithelial component of two. The admixed carcinoma often appeared distinct from the sarcoma component; however, at high magnification transitional differentiation zones and more subtle merging of infiltrating carcinoma with sarcoma were present in most neoplasms. A total of 40 neoplasms were studied by immunohistochemistry for keratins, EMA, vimentin, S-100 protein, and actin. The sarcomatous component in 55% of CS was immunoreactive for keratin, and 98% were immunoreactive for vimentin. A majority were also immunoreactive for actin (77%), and S-100 protein (55%). Ultrastructural examination of the sarcoma in eight neoplasms yielded variable nonspecific findings compatible with sarcoma. These findings indicate biphasic differentiation by cells possessing epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics and suggest myoepithelial origin or differentiation. The cumulative 5-year survival rate for CS was 49%, worse than for other forms of metaplastic carcinoma. The respective 5-year survivals for TNM clinical Stages I, II, and III were 100%, 63%, and 35%. Of patients with axillary dissection, 26% had metastases to axillary lymph nodes with carcinoma as the most frequent component to metastasize. Metastasis was an ominous sign as 33 of 34 patients who developed metastases died from tumor. Local recurrence was not as ominous as 40% who had only local recurrence subsequently died from tumor. Size and microscopic circumscription were also significant prognostic factors.
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PMID:Metaplastic carcinomas of the breast. III. Carcinosarcoma. 277 8

The diagnostic value of 3 monoclonal antibodies applied on to routinely processed surgical biopsies was assessed. These antibodies were directed against keratin polypeptide (KL1), epithelial membrane antigen (DAKO-EMA) and leucocyte common antigen (DAKO-LC). First, using a three-step immunoperoxidase procedure, we determined the phenotype of well differentiated carcinomas (21 cases), non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (44 cases), malignant histiocytoses (3 cases), melanomas (5 cases), sarcomas (6 cases) and miscellaneous tumors (16 cases). Nineteen out of the 21 carcinomas reacted with KL1 and DAKO-EMA antibodies but not with DAKO-LC. Forty out of the 44 non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas reacted with DAKO-LC. All these tumors were negative with KL1 antibodies but three of them, as well as 3 cases of malignant histiocytosis, expressed the epithelial membrane antigen. The value of these 3 antibodies was then assessed in the differential diagnosis of 30 undifferentiated tumors. A definite diagnosis was made in 28 cases: there were 11 undifferentiated carcinomas and 11 large cell malignant lymphomas. The phenotype of 6 tumors was highly suggestive of malignant histiocytosis, the peculiarity of which is to express both leucocyte common (DAKO-LC+) and epithelial membrane antigens (DAKO-EMA+). Only two tumors did not react with these 3 antibodies. We conclude that it is now possible to determine the nature of nearly all undifferentiated tumors on paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of undifferentiated tumors by means of monoclonal antibodies on paraffin sections]. 293 21

Two adenomatoid tumours of the uterus were examined immunohistochemically using antibodies to keratin, Factor VIII related antigen, EMA, CEA and a specific protein isolated from mesothelioma cells. The tumour cells gave positive staining for keratin and for the specific mesothelial marker. The results strongly support a mesothelial origin for adenomatoid tumours and this panel of antibodies may be used to solve diagnostic problems.
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PMID:Adenomatoid tumour of the uterus. 321 38


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