Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of malignant nerve sheath tumor with glandular differentiation in a patient with neurofibromatosis is presented. In the spindle celled areas the tumor cells reacted strongly with vimentin and S-100 protein, while the glandular epithelia reacted with EMA, cytokeratins (peptides 8, 19, and 20) and CEA, as well as a few of them also with chromogranin. Based on the results of immunohistochemical profile of the tumor cells, the differential diagnosis of this rare soft tissue tumor from biphasic synovial sarcoma with glands, as well as its distinction from any other spindle cell sarcoma with entrapped skin appendages could be greatly facilitated.
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PMID:Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with glandular differentiation. Report of a case with emphasis to the usefulness of immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis. 933 15

We report a case of gliosarcoma with numerous giant cells resembling ganglion cells and having clear nucleoli. A 75-year woman was admitted to our hospital suffering from progressive left hemiparesis and ambulatory disturbance of one week's duration. CT and MRI studies showed ring enhancement on a clear margin mass in the right parieto-occipital lobe. The mass was totally removed macroscopically. Her left hemiparesis had improved and self walk came to be possible. But the tumor was regrowthed during next two months and she died for three months and a week. The gross and microscopic appearances of the tumors showed the double structure. The surface of the tumor was well enhanced and consisted of soft, gray, and easily bleeding tissue. The central core, however, was poorly enhanced and consisted of hard, yellow, non-bleeding tissue. Macroscopically, the central area included numerous giant ganglion-like cells which were negative for GFAP but positive for EMA in the cytoplasm. These giant cells had abundant collagen fibers and were surrounded by such fibers. Microscopic findings of the surrounding area included numerous spindle shaped cells which were positive for GFAP and vimentin. The origins of giant cells or tumor tissues have long been discussed, but no consensus has yet been obtained. Therefore, we speculated as to the origin in our patient based on immunohistochemical study and the findings of electronmicroscopy. We concluded, in sharp contrast to the old theory of one origin, epithelial tissue of a hamartomatous nature existed initially, followed by the growth of malignant tissue of a reactive astrocytic tumor with a sarcomatous component.
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PMID:[A case of giant cell-rich gliosarcoma]. 936 93

Multinucleated giant cells in the pancreas (five giant cell carcinomas, a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma attended with many osteoclast-like giant cells, 42 invasive ductal carcinomas and 29 chronic pancreatitises) were examined. Three types of multinucleated giant cell were identified: epithelial type, coexpressive type, mesenchymal type. Epithelial type expressed epithelial markers, such as keratin and EMA in 23 ductal carcinomas. Coexpressive type expressed both epithelial markers and mesenchymal marker vimentin was in four ductal carcinomas. Mesenchymal type expressed mesenchymal markers, vimentin and CD68 in four osteoclastoid type giant cell carcinomas, the mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, six ductal carcinomas and ten chronic pancreatitises. Epithelial and coexpressive type were considered to be epithelial neoplastic origin, those had bizarre appearance and transitional area from definite adenocarcinoma area. Vimentin expression is associated with sarcomatous proliferation. Mesenchymal type was considered to be nonneoplastic and a certain type of macrophage polykaryons.
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PMID:[Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of giant cells of pancreas]. 939 26

A battery of immunocytochemical analyses, previously established to distinguish between malignant mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma, was extended by analysing the same cases with three other commercially available antibodies. Altogether, 11 antibodies were studied in mesotheliomas diagnosed by other means, using 14 different immunocytochemical parameters. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the following parameters were of importance for this diagnostic problem: vimentin reactivity in epithelial cells (1), cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) reactivity in spindle-shaped (fibrous) cells (2), cell membrane-associated reactivity of EMA (3), HBME-1 (4) and thrombomodulin (5), and absence of reactivity to CEA (6), CD15 (7), BerEp4 (8) and Sialyl-TN (9). The analysis gave an algorithm with which a specific diagnosis of mesothelioma could be made in 80% of the cases-i.e., some improvement compared to the 55% sensitivity using the previous battery.
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PMID:Optimization of a battery using nine immunocytochemical variables for distinguishing between epithelial mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. 939 61

Three cases of primary rhabdoid tumour of the CNS (RT-CNS) are presented. In case 1 a hemispheric tumour developed in a 10.5 months old girl, who survived for 6 months after incomplete resection, radio- and polychemotherapy. Case 2 was a 4 years and 8 months old boy with a large IIIrd ventricle tumour, who died of leptomeningeal tumour dissemination 7 months after diagnosis despite radiotherapy. In case 3 a pineal mass occurring in a 14 month old female was radioresistant and totally exstirpated. The child died due to tumour recurrence two months later. Autopsy examination revealed widespread leptomeningeal dissemination. All three cases fulfilled light and electron microscopic criteria of RT-CNS including abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei with large nucleoli and conspicuous anti-vimentin positive filaments. Extensive immunohistochemical studies showed expression of epithelial (EMA, KL1), macrophage (alpha-1 antichymotrypsin), neuro-ectodermal (GFAP, NSE, beta-tubulin III) and myogenic markers (desmin, actin). Different stress proteins (alpha-B crystallin, HSP70) were also expressed. Tumour cells showed a proliferation (MIB1) index of 28.4% (case 1) and 33.4% (case 2). From our study it can be concluded that RT-CNS reveals significant immuno-morphological heterogeneity thus supporting the view that it is not a specific pathological entity but merely a phenotypic appearance of different neoplasms, some of which are linked to primitive neuro-ectodermal tumours.
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PMID:Primary malignant rhabdoid tumours of the central nervous system: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 940 57

Paraffin-embedded specimens from 21 patients (mean age 49 years) with malignant melanocytic tumors of the central nervous system were studied. Extraneuronal primary tumors were situated at the trunk (38%), the lower (14%) or upper extremity (10%), and the head/neck region (5%). In 33% no extraneural primary tumor could be detected. The tumor location was frontal (19%), occipital (19%), parietal, spinal, multifocally (14%, respectively), or temporal (5%). Four subtypes were distinguished according to the predominant histological cell type: pleomorphic, epithelioid, spindle- and mixed-cell tumors. 29% contained no melanin, most of them belonging to the epithelioid subtype. The morphology and immunohistochemical reactivity for different antibodies (KL-1, EMA, VIM, HMB-45, NKI-C3, S-100, and MIB-1/Ki-67) were assessed. Positive staining was demonstrated for HMB-45 (in 86% of cases), NKI-C3 (100%), S-100 (95%), vimentin (75%), and KL-1 (33%). No expression of the cytokeratin EMA could be detected. The mean proliferation index measured by MIB-1 immunoreactivity was 21%. The 4 histological subtypes were found to express different antigen patterns. In the analysis of CNS tumors of unknown origin, the panel of antibodies used for diagnosis should include HMB-45 as the most specific marker for malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma in the CNS, subtyping and immunocytochemistry. 940 2

We report herein on a case of clear cell meningioma originating from the cerebellar tentorium, surgically treated by occipital transtentorial approach (OTT). A 67-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital in September, 1996, complaining of gait disturbance. MRI revealed an isointense mass on T1 and T2 WI, clearly enhanced with gadolinium in the right upper cerebellum originating from the tentorium. A left vertebral angiogram showed tumor stain from the right superior cerebellar artery. The tumor was subtotally removed by OTT on September 24, 1996. Gamma knife radiosurgery was performed for regrowing tumor 6 months after surgery. Histological examination revealed that the tumors were composed of sheets of clear, glycogen-rich cells and lobulated by thin connective tissues. There were no malignant findings, but some tumor cells had infiltrated into the cerebellar cortex. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells were positive for EMA and vimentin, but negative for keratin. MIB-1 staining index was 7.02%. From these findings, this case was diagnosed as a typical clear cell meningioma originating from the cerebellar tentorium. From a review of the literature including our case, clear cell meningioma may be clinicopathologically malignant, so careful follow-up will be necessary.
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PMID:[A case of clear cell meningioma originating from the cerebellar tentorium]. 955 60

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising in acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is considered to be a tumor of low malignant potential, compared with classic RCC. The aim of the present study was to identify any significant differences in the antigenic profiles or tumor cell proliferative activity of ACKD-associated RCC and classic RCC that might be responsible for differences in their biologic behavior. We studied the immunohistochemical profiles and proliferative activity of 12 classic RCCs and 5 ACKD-associated RCCs with markers of proximal tubules (Leu M1, alpha-1 antitrypsin, CAM 5.2), markers of distal tubules (Arachis hypogaea lectin, AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen [EMAJ, CAM 5.2), vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We performed proliferation analysis with the CAS 200 image analysis system. For each case, 8 to 20 fields of tumor tissue in the areas of maximal PCNA staining were quantitated, and the percentage of PCNA-positive nuclear area for each individual tumor was calculated. All of the five ACKD-associated RCCs expressed AE1/AE3, EMA, and CAM 5.2 in more than 50% of the tumor cells. Arachis hypogaea lectin was significantly expressed in three of the five ACKD-associated RCCs. Leu M1 and alpha-1 antitrypsin reacted with fewer than 10% of the tumor cells in all of the five ACKD-associated RCCs. In contrast, the 12 classic RCCs showed expression of CAM 5.2 in 11 cases, alpha-1 antitrypsin in 10 cases, Leu M1 in 9, EMA in 8, and AE1/AE3 in 3 cases in more than 50% of the tumor cells and a totally negative reaction with Arachis hypogaea lectin in 8 cases, EMA in 4, AE1/AE3 in 4, and vimentin in 5 cases. Although coexpression of proximal and distal tubule markers was seen in some cases of RCC in either category, there was uniform and strong staining for distal tubule markers in ACKD-associated RCC and for proximal tubule markers in classic RCC. The mean percentage of PCNA-positive nuclear area for the ACKD-associated RCCs (2.41%) was significantly (P < .05) less than that of the classic RCCs (21.42%). The differences in expression of proximal and distal tubule markers and proliferative activity might be responsible for the differences in the biologic behavior of ACKD-associated RCC and classic RCC.
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PMID:Image analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and immunohistochemical profiles in renal cell carcinoma associated with acquired cystic kidney disease: comparison with classic renal cell carcinoma. 957 84

We have encountered a series of 8 third ventricular neoplasms with a distinctive chordoid appearance that appear to represent a clinicopathologic entity. The tumors occurred in 7 females and 1 male, ranging in age from 31 to 70 years. In all cases, imaging studies showed a large well-circumscribed third ventricular mass; a cystic component was noted in 2. The tumors consisted of cords and clusters of cohesive, oval-to-polygonal epithelioid cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, relatively uniform round-to-oval nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitotic activity was absent. The stroma consisted of scant, coarse fibrillar processes, as well as prominent, slightly basophilic, extracellular mucin resembling that in chordomas. Throughout the tumor, and surrounding its well-defined borders, were infiltrates of mature lymphocytes and plasma cells. Russell bodies were prominent in the latter. Adjacent brain tissue showed reactive changes with gliosis and numerous Rosenthal fibers. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly reactive for GFAP and vimentin, but negative or only weakly staining for EMA. The MIB-1 labeling index was approximately 1%. Ultrastructural examination of 4 cases revealed focal microvilli, scattered "intermediate" junctions, and focal basal lamina formation. Neither desmosomes nor cilia were seen. Total resections were achieved in 2 cases; only subtotal removals were achieved in 6. Subsequent tumor enlargement was noted in 3 of the 6 patients with incomplete resection, and of these, two died at post-operative intervals of 8 months and 3 years. The other patient survives 4 years post-operatively with stable residual disease. Of the 2 patients with total resection, 1 was lost to follow-up; the other, during a brief follow-up period, did well without evidence of recurrence.
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PMID:Third ventricular chordoid glioma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity. 960 Feb 20

The patient was a 75-year-old man complaining of cough in July 1996. Chest X-ray demonstrated a tumor in the left S6. Percutaneous lung biopsy specimen revealed lung cancer. On September 4, 1996, left lobectomy (R 2 a) was performed. The tumor was 3.8 x 3.2 x 2.1 cm in size and showed a white yellow solid mass (pT2N0M0, pStage I, p1d0e0pm0). The pathological examination was confirmed no differentiation in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. More than 90% of the tumor cells were characterized as having large clear cytoplasm. On immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells expressed positive with EMA, CEA, cytokeratin and negative with vimentin. The postoperative findings showed no presence of renal cell carcinoma. As the result, a diagnosis of primary clear cell carcinoma of the lung was made. The postoperative course is uneventful.
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PMID:[Primary clear cell carcinoma of the lung: report of an operative case]. 963 49


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