Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Microwave oven (mwo) is used to stimulate tissue fixation and to retrieve antigens damaged by fixation. Heavy metal salt solutions, water, and citric acid buffer (cab) have been suggested for this purpose. A serie of tumors treated with cab and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) with mwo were studied immunohistochemically with 24 antibodies. Controls were treated in the same way, except for microwaving. The antibodies were directed against antigens of the following tumors: breast and prostate carcinoma, carcinoid, lymphoma and melanoma. The results showed that cab enhanced the immunoreactivity of the following antigens: estrogen receptors (AMAC), progesterone receptors (Novocastra), HMB45, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, PCNA, p53, MIB-1 (Ki-67) and prostatic specific antigen. The antigens that did not improve their immunoreactivity, when compared with the control series were: factor VIII, keratin, Leu 22, L26, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, chromogranin, HBME-1, smooth muscle actin and EMA. Microwaving equally improved protein S100 and desmin either with cab or pbs. The only antigen that improved with pbs was actin. The results with B72.3 and NKI/C3 were poor and not reliable. In conclusion microwaving with cab enhances the immunoreactivity of the antibodies mentioned above leading to an increase in sensibility without loosing specificity.
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PMID:[Antigen retrieval by microwave oven with buffer of citric acid]. 799 28

Histological sections from 103 malignant mesotheliomas and 43 adenocarcinoma metastases in pleural biopsies were investigated for reactivity against a panel of 11 different antibodies. The size of the material allowed the evaluation by stepwise logistic regression analysis, which selected five parameters of major importance: vimentin reactivity in epithelial cells, reactivity to low-molecular-weight keratins in fibrous cells, strong membrane accentuation of EMA reactivity, and lack of reactivity to LeuM1 and BerEp4. Three of these criteria were sufficient to identify a mesothelioma with high specificity and with a sensitivity of approximately 70%. Whilst the monoclonal anti-CEA tested was the most valuable single parameter, it did not add any diagnostic information to the combination of criteria selected by the stepwise logistic regression analysis. However, this antibody can be used to exclude most of the adenocarcinomas from further analysis with the more extensive panel.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical reactivity in mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma: a stepwise logistic regression analysis. 801 2

An 82-year-old male presented with a two-month history of hoarseness. A 2 cm pedunculated lesion was removed from the base of his epiglottis. Microscopy showed a polypoid atypical spindle cell lesion. Multiple levels failed to reveal an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. On the basis of haematoxylin and eosin stained sections the main differential diagnosis was a pseudosarcoma with an overlying dysplastic squamous mucosa or infiltrating spindle cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for vimentin but no convincing staining with antibodies to cytokeratin and EMA. Ultrastructural analysis also failed to reveal epithelial characteristics. Ploidy analysis by static cytophotometry of the spindle cell proliferation revealed an aneuploid stem line with a DNA index of 1.67. On the basis of this the process was felt unlikely to be reactive and a diagnosis of a spindle cell squamous carcinoma was made. This diagnosis was subsequently supported by a clinical recurrence of the nodule at a six-month follow-up.
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PMID:Pseudosarcoma of the larynx: the value of ploidy analysis. 802 62

Chondroid syringoma belongs to the group of so-called mixed tumors, like pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal and salivary glands. The histogenesis of this tumour is still disputed, in particular with respect to its stromal component. The distribution of cytokeratins (CKs), CEA, EMA, vimentin, S-100 protein, desmin and actin [alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA)] was investigated by immunohistological examination of paraffin sections from a chondroid syringoma of the apocrine type. The neoplastic formations have been classified into tubuloalveolar structures, solid nests/aggregations and stromal cells of varying morphology. The inner-most cells of tubuloalveolar structures were characterized by marked expression of CKs (KL1 and MNF116), CEA and EMA, while in the outer ones there was moderate expression of vimentin, S-100 was expressed to a lesser extent and KL1, weakly but there was marked and consistent expression of MNF116. Whereas the solid nests expressed vimentin, S-100 protein, MNF116 markedly and KL1 weakly, the stromal cells were consistently positive for vimentin, S-100 protein and, focally, CKs and alpha-SMA. Anti-alpha-SMA specifically detects myoepithelial cells. In addition, the partly overlapping immunoreactivity of the intermediate filaments, membrane proteins and proteins in the different structures may indicate a common clonal origin of all neoplastic cells in chondroid syringoma.
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PMID:[Chondroid syringoma. Immunohistologic indications of myoepithelial differentiation]. 805 Sep 3

Fifty breast capsules surrounding smooth and textured breast prostheses were reviewed histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally, and findings correlated with patient data. The histology of the capsules varied; although most consisted of a simple fibrocollagenous membrane, some were lined by organized, round to polyhedral cells similar to synovium. Histologically, the lining of the synovial type consisted of epithelioid cells overlying parallel bands of collagen, with basally located nuclei and cytoplasmic processes directed toward the surface and arranged within a well developed reticulin network. Immunohistochemically, the cells were vimentin positive, weakly positive focally for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme, and negative for EMA and AE1/AE3. Scanning electron photomicrographs showed a bosselated luminal lining overlying parallel bands of collagen. By transmission electron microscopy, both secretory and phagocytic cells could be distinguished. Some of the former were multinucleated. No basement membrane material could be identified, and cell junctions were rare. Histologically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally the lining appeared identical to synovium and to the synovial metaplasia that has been described in sutured skin, after repeated subcutaneous injections of air, the bone-cement interface of loose hip prostheses and adjacent to gliding silastic tendon reconstruction rods. The physical and chemical composition of the prostheses, the mechanical forces, and the developmental response of the host mesenchymal tissue are thought to influence the formation and maintenance of the synovial metaplasia of the breast capsule.
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PMID:Histological assessment of fifty breast capsules from smooth and textured augmentation and reconstruction mammoplasty prostheses with emphasis on the role of synovial metaplasia. 805 2

In a randomized design we examined the interobserver variation in the histopathological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the lung and malignant mesothelioma. In three rounds, three pathologists assessed slides from 42 tumours originally diagnosed as adenocarcinomas, malignant mesotheliomas or benign lesions in the pleura. In the first round the assessments were made on haematoxylin and eosin (H & E) stained sections; in the second, on H & E sections plus sections stained with histochemical mucin stains; and in the final round, the diagnoses were made on H & E sections and sections stained with a panel of antibodies against various antigens (cytokeratin, EMA, CEA, Ber-EP4, B72.3, Leu-M1, vimentin and S-100 protein) said to be of value in the differential diagnosis. The overall interobserver agreements for the three rounds were 0.659, 0.802 and 0.817; the kappa values were 0.461, 0.681 and 0.690. It is concluded that differentiation between adenocarcinoma of the lung and malignant mesothelioma should be made on sections stained with H & E and mucin and/or immunohistochemical staining reactions, including antibodies against B72.3, Ber-EP4 and CEA.
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PMID:The histopathological diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma v. pulmonary adenocarcinoma: reproducibility of the histopathological diagnosis. 806 83

Glomus tumors are benign lesions composed of vessels and glomocytes in varying proportions. The histological appearance of the tumors depend upon the ratio of the vascular to the glomus cells and their differentiation as well as upon the amount and composition of the stroma. The aim of the present study was the establishment of criteria for the distinction of glomus tumor-like malformations from neoplasms with glomus cell differentiation. Using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (vimentin, a-smooth muscle actin, desmin, pan-keratin, low molecular weight cytokeratin, EMA, NSE, S-100 protein, Factor VIII, a1-ACT) glomus tumors could be separated into three types: vascular, cellular with myxoid stroma and cellular, solid type. In the first two types the tumor growth is composed of all three components found in normal glomus body, but in a haphazard fashion and thus might be considered as tumor-like malformations. The third type is composed of perivascular arranged cells most of which acquire the phenotypical characteristics of glomocytes. This last tumor probably represent the neoplastic variant of the group of lesions designated by the term glomus tumor.
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PMID:Glomus tumor. A histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical study of the various types. 806 87

We examined 4 cases of synovial sarcoma, 3 biphasic-one of which was located in the abdominal wall-and 1 monophasic, in patients between 16 and 54 years. Immunohistochemistry revealed the capacity of these neoplasms to express mesenchymal and epithelial markers, not only in the sarcomatous-like stroma but also in gland-like component. We also found that in the epitheliomorphous cells vimentin positivity had a characteristic basal position whereas EMA and cytocheratins were much more positive in the apical zone. This double positivity could be profitably utilized when the predominance of the gland-like component in a synovial sarcoma requires differential diagnosis from metastatic adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Synovial sarcoma. Immunohistochemical study of 4 cases]. 807 7

Authors report a case of alveolar variant of infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast with stromal osteoclast-like giant cells. Immunohistochemically the carcinoma cells were reactive for EMA and Cytokeratins; osteoclast-like giant cells (OCL-GC) were negative. OCL-GC and histiocytoid mononuclear cells with nuclei similar to those within the OCL-GC present in this case, were strongly immunoreactive with KP-1, a recently developed monoclonal antibody directed against cells of mononuclear phagocytic lineage in routinely processed tissue section and showed immunoreactivity to vimentin. These findings of our case provide evidence against a carcinoma cells derivation and support a monocytic/histiocytic origin for the OCL-GC.
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PMID:[Infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast, alveolar variant, with stromal reactive osteoclast-like giant cells. Description of a case]. 812 35

Diagnosis of mesothelioma is a difficult clinical and pathological task. The morphology of the neoplasm is extremely variable and is the major cause of the diagnostic dilemma. Malignant mesotheliomas are difficult to distinguish from benign reactive lesions of the pleura and from metastatic neoplasms, particularly adenocarcinomas and IVBAT (intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor better referred to as sclerosing angiosarcoma or epithelioid hemangioendothelioma). Immunohistochemical studies represent a crucial diagnosis aid. A practical approach in different morphological situations is described and a routine antibody panel is proposed: the dual negativity of CEA and Leu M1 associated with thick "hairy" brush borders with EMA staining suggest malignant epithelial mesothelioma. The dual positivity of CEA and Leu M1 and the presence of thin smooth borders staining with EMA suggest adenocarcinomas. Behind a spindle-cell neoplasm the coexpression of keratin, vimentin and the presence of keratin-positive cells infiltrating underlying tissue suggest malignant desmoplastic mesothelioma.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemistry of mesotheliomas. Technique and current diagnostic contribution of immunohistochemical markers. General review]. 813 82


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