Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new human epithelioid sarcoma cell line (ES020488) was established from a cutaneous metastasis in 26-year-old man, and was morphologically characterized in vitro and in vivo by comparison with the original tumor. The ES020488 cells showed a male karyotype ranging from 39 to 83 chromosomes, with various abnormalities but no specific pattern. The cells were round, polygonal or spindle-shaped with abundant cytoplasm and round nuclei containing prominent nucleoli; they proliferated in a sheet-like pattern. Tumors transplanted into nude mice revealed essentially the same features as the original tumor. Both in vitro and in vivo, the cells immunohistochemically expressed vimentin, cytokeratin, and EMA, but not desmin and S-100 protein. Ultrastructural study revealed irregular or round nuclei containing abundant euchromatin and prominent nucleoli, many intermediate filaments running irregularly or around the nucleus, and a number of filopodia-like processes. ES020488 cells were thus proven to retain and exhibit the unique morphological characteristics of an epithelioid sarcoma both in vitro and in vivo. These cells are possibly derived from synovioblastic mesenchyme.
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PMID:Morphological characterization of a new human epithelioid sarcoma cell line, ES020488, in vitro and in vivo. 768 33

When graft-versus-host (GVH) disease affects the liver, it is characteristically the bile ducts which are involved, infiltrated by lymphocytes. To characterize this process further, and to determine whether there were any antigenic changes in the bile ducts, we stained 9 liver biopsies involved by GVH disease, 10 non-GVH biopsies that had a prominent portal lymphocytic component, and 8 biopsies taken incidentally at surgery for noninflammatory liver disease with epithelial membrane antigen, AE-3, AE-1, a keratin cocktail, keratin 19, CD45RO (UCHL-1), CD43 (Leu-22), CD20 (L26), vimentin, and LN-3. The infiltrating lymphocytes were T cells (CD45RO+, CD43+, CD20-) which variably expressed LN-3. The bile ducts were positive for the keratin cocktail, AE-1, AE-3, and keratin-19, but only occasionally positive for EMA and LN-3. There was no significant difference in the staining patterns of either the bile duct cells or lymphocytes between the three groups. With the antibodies that we used, there does not appear to be a significant difference in the antigenic phenotype of the bile ducts in GVH as compared to normal or reactive livers.
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PMID:Phenotype of bile ducts and infiltrating lymphocytes in graft-versus-host disease. 768 95

The finding of cytokeratin positivity in non-epithelial cells in 9/15 cases of performing or penetrating gastric ulcer is reported. Two different monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibodies were used and both produced a strong positivity in spindle and polyglonal cells in the gastric wall. These cells were often distributed near the peritoneal surface, but they were also found in central parts of the gastric wall. The cytokeratin-positive cells had no connection with the gastric mucosa, lacked epithelial features in routinely stained sections and were not positively stained by antibodies to other epithelial markers (EMA and Ber-Ep 4). Many of the cytokeratin-positive cells were also positive for vimentin. There was no evidence of malignancy in any of the cases, but cytokeratin-positive cells like those in the present study may be erroneously interpreted as infiltrating carcinoma. The true nature of the cytokeratin-positive cells was not revealed in the present study. It is concluded that cytokeratin positivity must be evaluated with care and that it is valuable to add antibodies other than anti-cytokeratins for the recognition of epithelial cell differentiation.
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PMID:Immunoreactivity to cytokeratins in non-epithelial cells in deep gastric ulcer. 769 92

Techniques of production of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) have provided powerful tools to study biological lung cancer behavior. Immunochemistry is more sensitive than conventional light microscopy examination to detect tumour cells in sputum or pleural effusion, or small cell lung cancer metastases in bone marrow. Immunochemistry is also helpful for the differential diagnosis of carcinoma versus lymphoma or sarcoma, using antibodies directed against antigens such as cytokeratins, vimentin, EMA, LCA, SP100, CEA. In lung cancer, immunochemistry may detect neuroendocrine differentiation, or help to distinguish metastatic carcinoma from primary lung cancer. A positive immunostaining with CEA, Leu-M1, SP1, B72-3 supports the diagnosis of pleural metastatic adenocarcinoma versus mesothelioma. Immunoscintigraphy is a non invasive imaging technique which allows local and distant disease evaluation and could replace in the future the present staging work up. To evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of MoAbs in Lung cancer, phase I studies have been performed. Therapeutic effect is based on: 1) indirect cytotoxicity (cells are killed by ADCC or K cells) or direct cytotoxicity (MoAb are carriers of toxins, radioisotopes or drugs). 2) Immune response modulation by anti-idiotypic Ab. 3) Interferences with growth factors. Results of most of phase I trials are disappointing. Improvement of MoAb selectivity, improvement of conjugates stability, reduction of humoral response to MoAb, enhanced tumour localisation, and reduction of nonspecific captation should lead to a better efficacy.
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PMID:[Monoclonal antibodies and bronchial cancer]. 770 64

An unusual case of primary balloon cell malignant melanoma (BCMM) in brain arising from melanoblastic meningeal (or diffuse meningeal) naevus in a 30-year-old woman has been presented. The characteristic balloon cells were amelanotic or focally extremely weakly melanotic. The large, uniformly looking, tightly packed, pale "balloon cells" formed the homomorphic texture of the spherical well demarcated tumor lying in the white matter of right temporo-parietal region beneath the nevoid-looking partially melanotic diffuse meningeal and cortical infiltrate. Positive melanoma antigen HMB-45, S-100 protein and vimentin along with negative epithelial membrane antigen EMA and markers for macrophages like alfa-1-antitrypsine and CD-68 proved that balloon cells belong to and may form a peculiar type of melanoma. The lack of suspected skin or mucosal naevi and coexisting meningeal naevus speak for the primary character of the balloon cell melanoma. According to our knowledge it is the first primary balloon cell melanoma of the brain. Differential diagnosis and the pathogenesis are discussed.
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PMID:Primary balloon cell malignant melanoma of the right temporo-parietal region arising from meningeal naevus. 772 77

Four cases of perineurioma (storiform perineurial fibroma) arising in the dermis, subcutis, or deep soft tissue have been studied. Two patients were female and two were male with ages ranging from 19 to 45 years. One lesion each arose on the chest wall, shoulder, neck, and elbow. Follow-up information in three patients revealed no recurrence. Histologically, the neoplasms were circumscribed but non-encapsulated lesions and were composed of spindle cells with elongated bipolar cytoplasmic processes, inconspicuous fusiform nuclei and well-defined palely eosinophilic cytoplasm. These cells were arranged in whorls or lamellar-like structures and often demonstrated a storiform growth pattern. In areas, the tumour cells appeared larger with more rounded nuclei. Immunohistochemically, most of the tumour cells stained positive for epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, but failed to stain for S-100 protein, neurofilament, desmoplakin, and CD34. Ultrastructurally, two cases showed fusiform tumour cells with long, thin cell processes separated by abundant collagen bundles. Tumour cells were covered by discontinuous external lamina, showed many pinocytic vesicles and occasionally desmosome-like structures. The morphology and EMA immunopositivity of perineurioma are similar to meningioma, especially to cutaneous meningioma type II. We believe that perineurioma and meningioma are closely related, but morphologically distinguishable, neoplasms.
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PMID:Perineurioma (storiform perineurial fibroma): clinico-pathological analysis of four cases. 782 94

Prostate cancer with marked neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation belongs to the hormone resistant carcinomas. We report the development of TSH-secreting small cell prostate cancer (SCPC) from high grade adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 8) with an elevated number of chromogranin A positive cells located in benign structures adjacent to the cancer. Conversion to SCPC was followed-up during 4 years. The initial adenocarcinoma exerted a stronger positivity for PAP than for PSA (respective staining indexes, Sls, 2.2 and 1.8, maximum staining 3.0). In the developed SCPC, 2 cell subpopulations that were derived from epithelial cells were found (positive stain for EMA and CEA, respectively) and from one of them originated CEA-positive liver metastases. Blood CEA and NSE levels were elevated in SCPC (284 ng/ml and 24.5 ng/ml). However, blood TPS level which reflects proliferation of epithelial cells was within the normal range. The development of a << pure >> sarcomatoid prostatic tumor from adenocarcinoma with 2 areas of similar differentiation grades (Gleason score 7 and 9-10) that initially differ in staining for PSA and PAP (SIs for PSA were 1.2 and 0.02 and for PAP were 1.6 and 0.02, respectively) was followed-up during 4 years of treatment with Estracyt. Adenocarcinoma tissue specimens was slightly CEA-positive. The disappearance of lower grade adenocarcinoma during treatment was accompanied by the development of sarcomatoid areas that were 100% vimentin positive. In the last year of follow-up the primary tumor was composed only of vimentin positive sarcomatoid cells with a slight positivity for Chromogranin A, NSE and ACTH. In parallel, normal serum PSA and PAP values and elevated CEA and NSE serotests (12.6 ng/ml and 24.7 ng/ml, respectively) were found. Blood TPS level was at the upper limit of the normal range. Scintigraphy revealed extensive liver metastases. The recorded data indicate (i) extremely poor prognoses associated with high grade adenocarcinomas that demonstrate stronger immunohistochemical positivity for PAP than that for PSA (ii), chromogranin A positive cells in benign structures adjacent to the cancer as a possible paracrine promoter of SCPC from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and (iii) a high degree of heterogeneity of both SCPC and sarcomatoid prostatic neoplasms with some evidence for definite links (EMA and CEA) to secretory epithelial cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical staining and serotest markers during development of a sarcomatoid and small cell prostate tumor. 784 May 15

To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a primary extracranial meningioma located in the palatine tonsil. Immunohistochemical investigation of the tumour showed coexpression of vimentin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). No staining was found with antibodies against cytokeratins KL1, 13/10, 8 and 18, epithelial membrane antigen EMA and melanoma protein (HMB-45). It seems justifiable to classify this tumour as an atypical meningioma because of the local increased mitotic activity.
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PMID:[Ectopic meningioma of the tonsil]. 924 77

Six cases of hepatic sarcoma are reported: leiomyosarcoma in two, malignant fibrous histiocytoma in two malignant hemagiopericytoma in one and fibrosarcoma in one. In addition to the routine paraffin section and HE stain, immuno-histochemical studies with antibodies against vimentin, EMA, CK, S100, ACT, AAT, desmin, AFP, lysozyme and factor VIII and Masson trichrome staining and argyrophilia staining were done. AFP was negative in all 6 patients and the primary sarcoma was characterized by the absence of accompanying liver cirrhosis. The diagnosis, histogenesis and prognosis of primary liver sarcoma are discussed.
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PMID:[Primary sarcoma of the liver]. 795 5

A case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma mimicking mesenteric inflammatory disease (MID) is presented. The patient had mesenteric and omental lesions characterized at biopsy by extensive fibrosis of fat tissue with mild to moderate inflammation. One year later, post-mortem examination revealed a well-differentiated epithelial mesothelioma. Immunohistochemical stains for keratin and vimentin were diffusely positive, whereas EMA showed a membranous staining of scattered cells. CEA, Ber-EP4, B72.3 and Leu-M1 were negative. In addition, actin monoclonals decorated groups of cells pertaining to the tumoural component. Immunostains of sections from retrieved paraffin blocks of the previous biopsy showed that the bulk of the spindle-shaped and histiocytic-like cells present in the fibrous streams was strongly labeled by low-molecular-weight keratin, and coexpressed vimentin and actin. EMA showed a membranous staining of sporadic spindle and round cells. The other immunostains were invariably negative. This immunohistochemical pattern closely corresponded to the immunophenotype of the mesothelial tumour detected at autopsy and was very suggestive of myofibroblastic/submesothelial cell origin. The quantitative evaluation of silver nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NORs) demonstrated high levels of cell proliferation in both surgical and autopsy tissue samples.
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PMID:Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma mimicking mesenteric inflammatory disease. 798 21


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