Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The growth and differentiation of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) were studied after propagation of serial cultures from breast tissue biopsies from 42 mammoplasty patients. Cells were grown for up to 7 mo. in low calcium medium. HMEC cultures displayed heterogeneous growth patterns, according to the average doubling time of 44 +/- 6 h for 32 generations. Proliferation peaked at Day 30. HMEC maintained a normal karyotype and were organized in ductlike structures when cultured in collagen gel matrix. The cultures retained several phenotype traits of the epithelial lineage, including the expression of cytokeratins 18 and 19, specific mammary gland antigens, as shown by indirect HMEC immunostaining by the monoclonal antibodies DF3, EMA, 7B10, and 1BE12. Estrogen receptors were undetectable, whereas progesterone receptors were present at very low density. High-affinity cell surface receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF) (Kd = 1.1 x 10(-10) M) were observed at a density of 50,000 to 100,000 sites per cell. Accordingly, [3H]thymidine incorporation in HMEC was optimally stimulated by EGF at concentrations of 10(-11) to 10(-10) M. HMEC were also seen to possess functional VIP receptors linked to the adenylate cyclase system, as we previously observed in seven human breast cancer cell lines. These results show that long-term cultures of HMEC provide useful models for studying the growth and differentiation of the normal human mammary gland, and the role of growth factors and hormones in these functions.
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PMID:Characterization of normal breast epithelial cells in primary cultures: differentiation and growth factor receptors studies. 128 13

This is a case report of a female patient who tried another regimen after EMA-CO regimen failed. A 30-year-old female, gravida 4, para 2, abortus 2, blood grouping O (grouping B of her husband), was a victim of choriocarcinoma of the uterus and was resistant to multiple combination regimens of chemotherapy (EMA-CO, EMA-PE, BEP). She was finally cured by the VIP regimen of chemotherapy. The VIP regimen may be considered as an effective protocol to cure refractory choriocarcinoma.
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PMID:The VIP regimen effective treatment to refractory choriocarcinoma: a case report. 924 27

Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) is a rare variant of gestational trophoblastic disease that originates from the implantation site intermediate trophoblast. We report four patients with PSTT and review pertinent literature. Three patients presented with disease confined to the uterus and one patient with disease extension beyond the uterus. Antecedent pregnancy was full-term pregnancy in three patients and termination of a 21-week pregnancy in one patient. Interval from the antecedent pregnancy was <1 year in three patients and 13 years in one patient. Primary treatment was simple hysterectomy in three patients and radical hysterectomy in one patient. Overall, three patients received chemotherapy; one had EP/EMA as adjuvant chemotherapy, one had EMA/CO for rising levels of serum beta-hCG and one had BEP then VIP for recurrent disease. The three patients with disease confined to the uterus have remained after treatment alive and with no evidence of disease, whereas the one patient with disease extension beyond the uterus died of disease despite surgery and aggressive chemotherapy. It is concluded that disease extension beyond the uterus is the most important adverse prognostic factor. Other adverse prognostic factors are interval from antecedent pregnancy >2 years, age >40 years, and mitotic count >5 mitotic figures/10 high-power fields. Because of the relative insensitivity to chemotherapy, hysterectomy is the mainstay of treatment. EP/EMA seems to be the most effective first-line chemotherapy available to date for metastatic and relapsing PSTT.
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PMID:Placental site trophoblastic tumor: report of four cases and review of literature. 1729 Dec 63

Primary gastric choriocarcinoma (PGC) is a rare tumor, and its pathogenesis is still uncertain. Most PGCs have been reported to possess an adenocarcinoma component of variable extent, and pure PGC is especially rare. The diagnosis of PGC is confirmed by exhibition of choriocarcinomatous components on biopsy and exhibition of beta-hCG positive cell on immunohistochemical stain and elevation of the serum beta-hCG. Moreover it must be confirmed that no other site including gonads displays any tumor masses. The PGC tends to be more invasive and to have early metastasis. The median survival is known to be less than several months. We report two cases. The first case was a 62 year-old man who was diagnosed as advanced gastric cancer (AGC) by endoscopic biopsy with hepatic metastasis and received palliative chemotherapy with modified FOLFOX regimen and Genexol plus cisplatin regimen. He underwent subtotal gastrectomy due to perforation of the stomach during chemotherapy. On post-operative biopsy, He was re-diagnosed as PGC and received another palliative chemotherapy modified FOLFIRI, BEP, EMACO, VIP. However, multiple liver metastases were aggravated, and also serum AFP level increased. Ultimately, the patient died 10 months after initial diagnosis. Another case was a 45 year-old man. On endoscopic biopsy, he was diagnosed as AGC of adenocarcinoma. On Chest and Abdomen CT, multiple pulmonary and hepatic metastasis were also confirmed. On liver biopsy, He was diagnosed as PGC. The immunohistochemical stains were performed and the results were cytokeratin positive, EMA negative and beta-hCG weak positive. The serum beta-hCG level was highly elevated. BEP, VIP and EMA/CO combination therapy were administered, but he died at 12th months after the initial diagnosis.
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PMID:Primary gastric choriocarcinoma: two case reports and review of the literatures. 1968 22