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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lung carcinomas were studied immunohistochemically and the results were related to type of tissue sample (bronchoscopic biopsies, surgical specimens, autopsies). All cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, PKK-1, AE1/AE3) reacted with virtually all adenocarcinomas, most squamous, and 65% of the large cell carcinomas, while CAM 5.2 was most efficient with the small cell carcinomas. CEA stained 33% and 60% of the small and large cell carcinomas, respectively, most adenocarcinomas, and 84% of the squamous cell carcinomas, among which staining decreased with dedifferentiation and was often focal. EMA reacted with 90%, and NSE with 20% of all histological types. There was no staining for NF. All antibodies, except EMA, were more efficient with surgical specimens. Our study implies that the cytokeratins we used work better with surgical material, but are generally comparable to monospecific cytokeratin antibodies. Also, EMA is a reliable marker for epithelial differentiation with all types of tissue samples. Moreover, CEA negativity in several poorly differentiated lung carcinomas might have implications in the differential diagnosis against pleural mesothelioma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of 158 lung carcinomas. 128 Jan 49

Cervicovaginal smears from 2 women with postirradiation dysplasia, 4 women with postirradiation squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, 30 women with irradiation atypia and 5 healthy, nonirradiated women were stained immunohistochemically with six keratin antibodies. For four of the antibodies--CK19 (BA17), EMA, PKK-1 and CAM 5.2--squamous cells showing irradiation atypia, postirradiation dysplasia or postirradiation squamous cell carcinoma were more likely to stain positively than were nonirradiated squamous cells. For three of the antibodies in which multiple squamous cells stained positively, the proportion of squamous cells showing postirradiation dysplasia or postirradiation squamous cell carcinoma staining strongly was equal to or greater than the corresponding overall proportion for squamous cells showing irradiation atypia. This was statistically significant with only one antibody, PKK-1. No statistically significant differences were seen in staining of irradiated and nonirradiated squamous cells by MAK-6 and AE1:AE3. The data show that some keratin antigens are more often expressed in the irradiated groups and that there may be differences in the degree of antigen expression between squamous cells showing postirradiation dysplasia or postirradiation squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cells showing irradiation atypia.
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PMID:Immunoperoxidase staining of cervicovaginal smears after radiotherapy. 158 Jan 12

The present study is based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of seven chondroblastomas, including one lung metastasis occurring 9 years after treatment. Chondroblastomas were shown to co-express vimentin, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, and the epithelial markers recognized by CAM 5.2, EMA and a polyclonal cytokeratin antibody. The cytokeratins present in the tumour cells of the lung metastasis were characterized as cytokeratins 8, 18, 19 and, to a lesser extent, cytokeratin 7. The results suggest aberrant cytokeratin expression in chrondroblastomas.
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PMID:Cytokeratin expression in chondroblastomas. 169 5

The application of immunohistochemical markers against epithelial antigens has proved useful for studying tumor differentiation and in aiding tumor diagnosis. However, the reactivity of various epithelial markers with poorly differentiated carcinomas (the situation in which they are most often used) has not been well established. As a result, it is unclear how negative results should be interpreted and how often more than one antibody may be needed to document the epithelial nature of poorly differentiated neoplasms. We studied 98 poorly differentiated epithelial tumors with AE1, CAM 5.2, and EMA to assess the use of these markers in their diagnosis. Both CAM 5.2 and EMA provided support for epithelial differentiation in 71% (70/98) of the cases, while AE1 stained 50% (49/98) of the tumors; CAM 5.2 was the single most useful marker in the subset of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, staining 20 (77%) of 26 tumors. Use of these markers in pairs increased the recognition of epithelial differentiation (at least one marker showing positive staining) as follows: AE1/CAM 5.2, 80% (78/98); AE1/EMA, 87% (85/98); and CAM 5.2/EMA, 99% (97/98). Thirty carcinomas stained with all three markers, 34 with two markers, and in 34 cases only one antibody supported epithelial differentiation. Twelve (21%) of 58 tumors showed evidence of S100 reactivity. None of the 71 cases to which PD7 was applied showed staining This study indicates that poorly differentiated carcinomas are heterogeneous in their expression of antigens recognized by AE1, CAM 5.2, and EMA. Moreover, these results quantitate the probability of reactivity with poorly differentiated carcinomas for each marker and support the use of one or more antibodies in a "backup" panel when a negative result is obtained with a single antibody and the diagnosis of carcinoma is still suspected.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of epithelial marker expression in routinely processed, poorly differentiated carcinomas. 171 Jan

The authors studied the immunophenotype of nine sinonasal lymphomas using a panel of monoclonal antibodies that react with fixed, paraffin-embedded material (EMA, CAM 5.2, CD45, CD37 [MB-1], MB-2, L-26, CDw75 [LN-1], CD45RA [4 KB-5], CD43 [MT-1], and CD45RO [UCHL-1]). There were seven men and two women, with a mean age of 64 years (range, 9-89 years) and median age of 56 years. Three tumors were limited to the nasal cavity, and the other six had multiple sites of involvement, including the nasal cavity (five), antrum (six), ethmoid (two), orbit (two), and hard palate (one). Histologically, one was a lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL), one was small cleaved-cell lymphoma (SCCL), three were mixed-cell lymphomas (MCLs), and four were large cell lymphomas (LCLs). Four cases were T-cell lymphomas (one SCCL, three MCLs), four were B-cell neoplasms (four LCLs), and one was of uncertain lineage (LBL). Angioinvasion, coagulative necrosis, and epitheliotropism were seen in the T-cell lymphomas. Extranasal dissemination was seen in four cases: one LBL that involved the lymph nodes, skin, and testes 15 months after diagnosis; one B-LCL that involved the skin 9 months after diagnosis; and one B-LCL and one T-MCL that involved the gastric mucosa and lung simultaneously with nasal presentation. This study shows a higher predominance of B-cell lymphomas in the sinonasal region than previously reported in Oriental populations. However, the T:B ratio of these lymphomas is still greater than that observed for primary lymph node-based neoplasms.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. An immunohistochemical study. 186 73

Three cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin studied by light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods, are presented. It is generally accepted that these tumors originate from Merkel's cells. Some consider that they belong to the group of APUD-omas. Positive findings of epithelial (EMA, CAM 5.2) and neuroedocrine marker (NSE) in these three cases support the hypothesis of neuroendocrine differentiation in a neoplasm of epithelial origin.
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PMID:[Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell tumor)]. 209 74

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare, poorly understood aggressive tumor of young women, associated with paraendocrine hypercalcemia in two-thirds of the cases. Immunohistochemical staining of 15 small cell carcinomas, one-third of which were associated with hypercalcemia, 15 adult granulosa cell tumors, 15 juvenile granulosa cell tumors, and 5 Sertoli cell tumors, was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE-1/AE-3, CAM 5.2, 902), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (B72.3, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA]), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lysozyme, parathyroid hormone, and chromogranin-A in an attempt to define histogenetically this tumor type. One-third of the small cell carcinomas were positive for EMA, whereas all of them were negative for B72.3 and S-100. In contrast, one-third of the granulosa cell tumors were positive for S-100 and all of them were negative for EMA and B72.3. One of five Sertoli cell tumors were positive for EMA and two were positive for B72.3, but all were negative for S-100. Differences existed in the frequency, intensity, and/or pattern of staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, lysozyme, and NSE among the various tumor types. A single small cell carcinoma from a patient with hypercalcemia stained focally for parathyroid hormone, whereas all 30 granulosa cell tumors and 4 of 5 Sertoli cell tumors were nonreactive. Chromogranin-A staining was noted in four of five small cell carcinomas, none of ten granulosa cell tumors, and two of five Sertoli cell tumors. These immunohistochemical findings, as well as previous light and electron microscopic data, do not clearly indicate any specific cell as the cell of origin of the ovarian small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Ovarian small cell carcinoma. Histogenetic considerations based on immunohistochemical and other findings. 247 44

Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors (ECSCSs) may simulate Sertoli cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), and adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs), both clinically and pathologically. Differing clinical features and histologic findings are almost always successful in distinguishing these tumor types, although in some cases the differential diagnosis is difficult. Immunohistochemical staining of 17 ECSCSs, 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 15 AGCTs was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 902, and CAM 5.2), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (EMA, OM-1, B72.3, and carcinoembryonic antigen B1.1), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase, and lysozyme to determine the immunohistochemical profile of each tumor type and to define further the nature of the sex cord-like components in ECSCSs. All 17 ECSCSs, none of the 15 AGCTs, and one of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs stained with EMA. Staining for OM-1 was almost as helpful diagnostically, with positive results for 15 of 17 ECSCSs, 0/15 AGCTs, and 1/14 Sertoli cell or SLCTs. Antikeratins were immunoreactive with all the ECSCSs as well as some of the AGCTs and Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs. The B72.3 and B1.1 were immunoreactive with some ECSCSs and Sertoli cell tumors, but were nonreactive with AGCTs. Neuron-specific enolase was demonstrated in 11 of 17 ECSCSs, two of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 0 of 15 AGCTs. Vimentin, S-100, and lysozyme were least helpful in the differential diagnosis. These studies suggest that an immunohistochemical approach may be useful in the differentiation of ECSCSs and sex cord-stromal tumors. Furthermore, it supports the conclusion that the sex cord-like cells in ECSCSs are not Sertoli or granulosa cells, but cells of surface epithelial type growing in architectural patterns similar to those of sex cord-stromal tumors.
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PMID:Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors. An immunohistochemical study. 247 93

The histogenesis of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease has been studied by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue using a panel of epithelial cell markers, which react with secretory or ductal epithelium, but not stratified epithelium. These markers included a monoclonal antibody E29 to epithelial membrane antigen EMA, the cytokeratin marker CAM 5.2 and three new monoclonal antibodies raised to human milk fat globule membrane (LICR-LON-TW19 and H.10.A) and a human bladder cell cancer line (3.77). The findings demonstrate that both mammary and extramammary Paget's disease are of epithelial cell origin and share antigens expressed by simple epithelia. Some antigens, such as EMA and low molecular weight cytokeratins are consistently present in both diseases, whereas other antigens, identified by H.10.A and TW19 are found more frequently in cases of extramammary Paget's disease. This panel of monoclonal antibodies also proved useful in distinguishing Paget's disease from pagetoid melanoma and clear cell Bowen's disease.
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PMID:The histogenesis of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease. 255 77

A pseudomesotheliomatous adenocarcinoma, which is a rare form of peripheral pulmonary tumor with diffuse thickening of the pleural cavity mimicking a mesothelioma, and a malignant mesothelioma with a carcinoma like disseminating pattern are presented. The biopsy obtained by thoracotomy in one case, and the necropsy studies enabled the diagnosis by the microscopic pattern, the presence of mucosubstances (PAS diastase) and the immune histochemical profiles with antibodies against several antigenic groups (CEA, EMA, CAM 5.2, and Vimentin. The value of these techniques to differentiate adenocarcinomas and mesotheliomas is discussed. The presence of CEA orients to an epithelial origin of a neoplasia.
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PMID:[Pleuropulmonary tumors. Presentation of 2 cases with peculiar clinicopathologic traits]. 262 39


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