Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A-50-year-old Hispanic man presented to the dermatology clinic with a 0.6-cm eroded, erythematous, scaly plaque on the left side of his neck. On shave biopsy, the lesion was composed of intra-epidermal and invasive dermal cells characterized by a signet-ring appearance. One area suggestive of typical squamous cell carcinoma prompted the inclusion of that entity in the differential diagnosis. Mucicarmine stains were negative, while the extra-vacuolar cytoplasm focally reacted with periodic acid-Schiff staining, the positive reaction for which was abolished by diastase, consistent with glycogen. Malignant cells expressed keratins by reacting to antibodies, Mak6, AE1/AE3, Ker 903, and CAM5.2. Additionally, weak reactivity occurred with antibodies to CEA and EMA. Tumor cells did not express S-100, HM-B45, Leu M1, or actin. By ultrastructural examination, the large vacuoles corresponded to markedly dilated endoplasmic reticulum. A diagnosis of signet-ring squamous cell carcinoma, a rare form of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma which has been described in only one case report in the last 10 years, was made. Immunohistochemical staining provided information useful in differentiating this lesion from other clear cell and signet-ring cell tumors which involve the skin.
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PMID:Signet-ring squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. 955 Mar 18

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising in acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is considered to be a tumor of low malignant potential, compared with classic RCC. The aim of the present study was to identify any significant differences in the antigenic profiles or tumor cell proliferative activity of ACKD-associated RCC and classic RCC that might be responsible for differences in their biologic behavior. We studied the immunohistochemical profiles and proliferative activity of 12 classic RCCs and 5 ACKD-associated RCCs with markers of proximal tubules (Leu M1, alpha-1 antitrypsin, CAM 5.2), markers of distal tubules (Arachis hypogaea lectin, AE1/AE3, epithelial membrane antigen [EMAJ, CAM 5.2), vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). We performed proliferation analysis with the CAS 200 image analysis system. For each case, 8 to 20 fields of tumor tissue in the areas of maximal PCNA staining were quantitated, and the percentage of PCNA-positive nuclear area for each individual tumor was calculated. All of the five ACKD-associated RCCs expressed AE1/AE3, EMA, and CAM 5.2 in more than 50% of the tumor cells. Arachis hypogaea lectin was significantly expressed in three of the five ACKD-associated RCCs. Leu M1 and alpha-1 antitrypsin reacted with fewer than 10% of the tumor cells in all of the five ACKD-associated RCCs. In contrast, the 12 classic RCCs showed expression of CAM 5.2 in 11 cases, alpha-1 antitrypsin in 10 cases, Leu M1 in 9, EMA in 8, and AE1/AE3 in 3 cases in more than 50% of the tumor cells and a totally negative reaction with Arachis hypogaea lectin in 8 cases, EMA in 4, AE1/AE3 in 4, and vimentin in 5 cases. Although coexpression of proximal and distal tubule markers was seen in some cases of RCC in either category, there was uniform and strong staining for distal tubule markers in ACKD-associated RCC and for proximal tubule markers in classic RCC. The mean percentage of PCNA-positive nuclear area for the ACKD-associated RCCs (2.41%) was significantly (P < .05) less than that of the classic RCCs (21.42%). The differences in expression of proximal and distal tubule markers and proliferative activity might be responsible for the differences in the biologic behavior of ACKD-associated RCC and classic RCC.
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PMID:Image analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and immunohistochemical profiles in renal cell carcinoma associated with acquired cystic kidney disease: comparison with classic renal cell carcinoma. 957 84

Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare breast tumor. Histologically it may disclose different patterns of growth, and some additional features may result in diagnostic errors. We describe 2 cases of adenomyoepithelioma of the breast initially examined by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Cytologic features included hypercellularity, clusters of epithelial and myoepithelial cells with occasional intranuclear inclusions, prominent apocrine metaplasia, and foam cells. Histologically, both tumors were diagnosed as adenomyepithelioma tubular-variant, with prominent myoepithelial clear cells, apocrine metaplasia, and foci of squamous metaplasia. Immunohistochemically, the tumors showed strong positivity for keratins CAM 5.2, AE1/AE3, and EMA in the epithelial component, while the myoepithelial cells reacted with muscle-specific actin (A14 and HHF35) and S-100 protein. We point out that FNAB in this rare tumor may exhibit a varied spectrum of cells that may result in confusion with other lesions, and we call attention to the presence of intranuclear inclusions. The latter observation in the present cases by cytologic and histologic assessment provides and additional feature to the morphological characteristics of adenomyoepithelioma of the breast.
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PMID:Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: report of two cases with prominent cystic changes and intranuclear inclusions. 966 85

Although no animal is a perfect skin model for the study of toxicological and therapeutic agents, structurally the pig may be superior to even non-human primates. Because our work involves effects of toxicological and therapeutic agents on the skin, we wanted to identify stains which may prove useful as well as determine cross-reactivity of some newer antihuman antibodies. We performed a battery of formalin-fixed skin from weanling pigs and minipigs. The battery of antibodies included LCA, CD3, OPD-4, CD34, UCHL-1, L-26, KP-1, MAC-387, Factor XIIIa, Leu-7, S-100 protein, HMB-45, GFAP, synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, ubiquitin, vimentin, type IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, Factor VIII related antigen, Desmin-M, smooth muscle actin, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, AEI/AE3, CAM 5.2, EMA, GCDFP, Ki-67, and PCNA. Immunohistochemical stains for CD3, Leu-7, S-100 protein, type IV collagen, laminin, Factor VIII related antigen, GFAP, synaptophysin, neurofilament protein, ubiquitin, smooth muscle actin, vimentin, Desmin-M, cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 20, AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, Ki-67 and PCNA showed consistent cross-reactivity. In formalin-fixed tissue, only antibodies to lymphoreticular cells showed poor cross-reactivity. A high percentage of the remaining antibodies did show good cross-reactivity but with some interesting similarities and differences in specificity.
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PMID:Sensitivity of cross-reacting antihuman antibodies in formalin-fixed porcine skin: including antibodies to proliferation antigens and cytokeratins with specificity in the skin. 974 58

Follicular dendritic cell tumors are uncommon and usually occur in lymph nodes. We report the case of a follicular dendritic cell tumor that occurred in the palate of a 14-year-old boy and manifested itself as a nodular mass. Histologically, the neoplasm consisted of spindle-shaped or oval-shaped cells with eosinophilic cytoplasms and nuclei with delicate, dispersed chromatin. The lesional cells were principally arranged in diffuse, fascicular patterns with vaguely whorled or storiform areas. Focal multinucleate tumor giant cells and lymphocytes were observed throughout the neoplasm. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for the follicular dendritic cell markers CD21, CD35, and CD23 and for S-100 protein, CD68, and muscle-specific actin. Tumor cells were negative for LCA, CD20, EMA, CK (AE1/AE3), HMB45, and CD34. Lymphocytes were positive for LCA and CD45RO. Although follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a very uncommon tumor, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of tumors in this location.
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PMID:Extranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the palate. 1005 77

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a unique, highly aggressive neoplasm that chiefly affects male adolescents and young adults. This tumor is characterized by nests of small undifferentiated cells that show immunohistochemical evidence of epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural differentiation. We report two cases of DSRCT that lacked immunohistochemical evidence of epithelial differentiation, but were found to have the fusion transcripts characteristic of this tumor. Both patients (a 41-year-old male and a 31-year-old female) presented with large intra-abdominal masses. After diagnostic biopsy, both were treated with multi-agent chemotherapy. One patient expired 18 days after diagnosis, and the other is currently alive 28 months later. Histologically, both tumors had the characteristic features of DSRCT and were composed of small round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. In one of the cases, perinuclear intracytoplasmic hyaline inclusions were seen. Immunohistochemically, neither case expressed any of the epithelial markers tested, including AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2 and EMA. Both tumors were diffusely immunoreactive for desmin with a prominent globoid "dot-like" pattern of staining in one case. Both tumors stained for vimentin, neuron specific enolase, and synaptophysin, but were negative for CD99, muscle-specific actin, and myogenin. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed EWS-WT1 fusion transcripts characteristic of this neoplasm. In conclusion, we describe two cases of DSRCT that lacked immunohistochemical evidence of epithelial differentiation but had histologic and other immunohistochemical features which suggested this diagnosis. The ability to confirm the diagnosis of this rare tumor using molecular genetic techniques is particularly useful in those cases with unusual histologic or immunophenotypic features.
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PMID:Cytokeratin-negative desmoplastic small round cell tumor: a report of two cases emphasizing the utility of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. 1049 92

Placental site nodules or plaques (PSN-Ps) are nodular benign lesions of the intermediate trophoblast (IT) cells in the endometrium, endocervix, superficial myometrium or fallopian tube, occurring after a remote intrauterine pregnancy. We present a study of 25 cases of PSN-Ps These lesions occurred in patients aged 18 to 44 years. Most were discovered incidentally in endometrial curettage specimens. The specimens were received as part of clinical investigations for menorrhagia, per vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain. None of the PSN-Ps was visible grossly. Microscopically, they were mostly multiple, well-circumscribed, oval or plaque-like cellular nodules. The IT cells typically had abundant vacuolated or eosinophilic cytoplasm. The nuclei were irregular, large, hyperchromatic, often degenerate-looking and either mononucleated, multinucleated or multiclefted. Hyalinization surrounding individual or groups of IT cells, or located in the centre of the nodules, was a constant feature in all cases. The lesional cells were strongly immunoreactive to CAM 5.2, 34 beta E12, AE1/AE3, EMA and vimentin. Some cases showed focal positivity to HCG and HPL. PLAP staining was consistently negative. Ultrastructurally, the IT cells showed prominent nuclear variation in size and shape. The abundant, vacuolated cytoplasm contained some rough endoplasmic reticulum and loosely arranged filaments. This study describes the clinicopathological and immunophenotypic features of 25 cases of PSN-Ps including the ultrastructural findings of one case.
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PMID:Placental site nodules and plaques: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 25 cases with ultrastructural findings. 1064 2

Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a high-grade neoplasm known to histologically resemble high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. We describe 3 cases of sarcomatoid salivary duct carcinoma, a heretofore unreported variant of SDC. Each case was a composite of SDC and sarcomatoid carcinoma and histologically similar to reported cases arising in the breast. The clinicopathologic features, including immunohistochemistry, of 3 cases were investigated. In the 3 men, ages 56, 68, and 70 years, the resected parotid tumors measured 1.5, 3.5, and 1.5 cm, respectively. Only the 3.5-cm tumor extended beyond the parotid gland into soft tissue. This patient died at 3 years with pulmonary metastases. The other patients were free of disease at 6 and 12 months. Histologically, each case was a composite of usual-type SDC and sarcomatoid carcinoma. SDC showed typical cribriform architecture, whereas anaplastic, spindled cells constituted the sarcomatoid areas. Immunohistochemically, epithelial elements stained as follows: cytokeratin (AE1/AE3 & CAM 5.2) positive in 3 of 3 cases, EMA positive in 3 of 3 cases, vimentin negative in 3 of 3 cases, desmin negative in 3 of 3 cases, c-erbB-2 positive in 1 of 2 cases. Sarcomatoid elements stained as follows: AE1/AE3 negative in 3 of 3 cases, CAM 5.2 rare positive cell in 1 of 3 cases, EMA focally positive in 3 of 3 cases, vimentin positive in 3 of 3 cases, desmin negative in 3 of 3 cases, c-erbB-2 negative in 2 of 2 cases. Electron microscopy, performed in one case, showed scattered junctional complexes congruent with epithelial differentiation. Immunohistochemical results, EMA and CAM 5.2 positivity, and ultrastructural findings supported our belief that these unique biphasic tumors represented SDC with sarcomatoid carcinoma. We conclude an element of sarcomatoid carcinoma rarely may arise in association with SDC, and it is erroneous to diagnose such tumors as "carcinosarcoma."
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PMID:Sarcomatoid salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland. 1068 35

A study to compare the immuno-histochemical profile of the human rete ovarii, and epoophoron, with the Fallopian tube and ovarian surface epithelium was performed with 31 antibodies and antisera. A reaction was present in the epithelial cytoplasm of the rete ovarii and epoophoron of mesonephric origin, for vimentin, GFAP, cytokeratin markers, (AE1/AE3, MNF116; Cam 5.2, 34 beta E12 and for the monospecific antibodies to cytokeratins 7 and 19), heat shock protein 27, in the cell membrane for HBME-1, EMA and in the subepithelial collagen for collagen IV. Reactions were present only in the epithelium in the rete ovarii for EGFR (one case) and CA-125 (four cases). A reaction was present in the epithelium of the epoophoron only for Ber-EP-4 and S100. There was no reaction with antibodies for desmin, neurofilament protein, cytokeratins 20 or 14, actin, calretinin, E-cadherin, C-erb-B2, or CEA (monoclonal and polyclonal reagents). The immuno-histochemical profile of the Fallopian tube was consistent with its para-mesonephric origin and that in the ovarian surface epithelium was consistent with a proposed modified mesothelial origin. This study provides an immunohistochemical profile of these structures with a large panel of commonly available antibodies and antisera, confirming and extending the findings described in previous studies.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of the rete ovarii and epoophoron. 1084 Aug 24

The autopsy of a 76-year-old Japanese female patient, which revealed thymic carcinoma with various tumor markers such as NSE, CYFRA, and CA-125, is presented. The patient died from hepatic failure because the liver was overtaken by the tumors. At autopsy, the thymic carcinoma was found to have metastased only in the liver. From microscopical analyses and electron microscopical findings, we diagnosed poorly differenciated squamous cell carcinoma of thymic origin. In the histochemical analyses, the tumor cells were positively stained in CA 125, CA 19-9, EMA, NSE, AE 1, AE 3, CEA, S-100, glimerius and Bcl-2. These date suggest that the tumor cells produced various tumor markers. In 222 autopsy cases of thymic malignant tumor observed in Japan over a period of 4 years, the dominant pathohistological image was squamous cell carcinoma. It is interesting that the greatest number of combined malignant tumors with thymic malignancies were thyroid papillary carcinomas.
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PMID:[An autopsy case of thymic carcinoma producing various tumor markers and the examination of 222 autopsy cases of thymic malignant tumor in Japan]. 1084 55


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