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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eighteen cases of anaplastic meningioma were studied by LM, EM and immunohistochemistry for vimentin, EMA, keratin, GFAP and S-100. Microscopically, there were four histologic types, i.e. fibrosarcoma-like, angiosarcoma-like, polymorphic giant cell sarcoma-like and angiopapillary structure. By EM, four kinds of cells: undifferentiated cell, intermediate transitional cell, spindle-shaped cell, and giant cell, were found and variant transitions from undifferentiated or poorly, differentiated to meningioma cells were observed. Their ultrastructures and immunohistochemical features are similar to those of malignant mesothelioma. Since these two kinds of neoplasm showed both mesenchymal and epithelial cells in the features, the authors consider that their histogenesis may also be similar.
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PMID:[The ultrastructural and immunohistochemical observations of anaplastic meningioma]. 128 91

Six chordomas, ten fetal notochords and eight adult notochords were stained for keratin, vimentin, GFAP, desmin, CEA, EMA and s-100 protein. Coexpression of four kinds of intermediate filaments was common in fetal notochords and chordomas. According to the histologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, chordoma may originate from the ectopic remnants of undegenerated notochord during the embryonic stage. The chordoma consists of two cell types; nonvacuolated and physaliphorous cells, and exhibits the potentiality of multidirectional differentiation. The coexpression of different types of intermediate filaments could explain the morphological transformation of chordoma.
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PMID:[Coexpression of intermediate filaments in notochords and chordomas and its significance in the histogenesis and diagnosis of chordoma]. 128 74

Gliosarcomas are mixed tumors with malignant glial and mesenchymal elements. The number of GFAP-positive tumor cells decreases with the increase of sarcomatous components, until whole areas may be GFAP negative. These distinct differentiations may, however, lead to false interpretations in small tissue samples. In this connection, it is of interest that, according to other reports, glial tumors may be positive for different anti-keratin antibodies and this prompted us to undertake a systematic investigation of the immunoreactivity of gliosarcomas using a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins (KL1, AE 1/3, Lu-5, CK-19, CK MNF 116 and Ma-903). These cases were further studied with the anti-epithelial non-cytokeratin antibodies EMA, HEA 125, Ber-EP4, CEA as well as the melanoma-antibody HMB-45, Leu-M1, GFAP and vimentin. As screening study we examined 20 cerebral metastatic carcinomas, 21 malignant gliomas (including 6 gliosarcomas) and 3 metastatic melanomas with the monoclonal antibodies KL1 and HMB-45. All cerebral metastatic carcinomas and 4/6 gliosarcomas were positive for KL1, whereas all melanomas, 2 metastatic carcinomas and 3 gliosarcomas showed an immunostaining with HMB-45. All gliosarcomas were positive with at least one of the tested anti-cytokeratin antibodies. The gliosarcomas did not show an immunoreaction in any of the cases when CEA, HEA 125, Ber-EP4, EMA or Leu M1 were applied. In our opinion, the monoclonal antibodies HEA 125 and Ber-EP4 could obviously be helpful in differentiating gliosarcomas from metastatic carcinomas.
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PMID:Epithelial and melanoma antigens in gliosarcoma. An immunohistochemical study. 159 90

Five colloid cysts of the third ventricle were compared with two spinal enterogenous cysts to examine the hypothesis that these entities have the same origin from primitive endodermal tissue. All the lesions showed cuboidal and columnar epithelium with mucus containing goblet cells and cilia. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin, EMA and CEA was positive in all the colloid cyst and enterogenous cyst epithelium. S-100 was focally positive in three of the colloid and one of the enterogenous cysts while vimentin and GFAP were negative in both. The anatomical distribution of both colloid and enterogenous cysts is reviewed. An illustrative case of an identical cyst within the fourth ventricle is presented. This suggests that the similarities between colloid and enterogenous cysts and the presence of identical lesions along the neuroaxis indicate that these structures are derived from primitive foregut endoderm.
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PMID:Cysts of the neuraxis of endodermal origin. 189 17

A case of intracranial fibrous xanthoma (xanthofibroma) is reported. Intracranial fibrous xanthoma in infancy under the age of 1 year is extremely rare. This patient was a 8-month-old boy with a history of convulsive seizure. He had a previously known chest wall tumor which was diagnosed as fibrous xanthoma of the skin. Plain CT scan revealed a well defined high density area in the left temporal lobe. The area was well enhanced with contrast media. At operation, it was found that the tumor did not attach to dura mater and was almost well demarcated. Total removal of the tumor was performed. The patient has been doing well for these 6 months following craniotomy, with no sings of recurrence and no neurological deficits. Histologically, the tumor was composed of fibroblastic cells and foamy phagocytic cells in storiform pattern. Some multinucleated giant cells were found. Immunohistochemistry technique revealed that the tumor cells were negative for GFAP, positive for Vimentin, positive for S-100 protein and negative for EMA. Our studies support the diagnosis of intracranial fibrous xanthoma coexistent with the same tumor found in the subcutaneous space of the chest wall of a boy under 1 year of age. We regard it as a rare incidence. Differential diagnosis and the characteristics of fibrous xanthoma were discussed.
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PMID:[Intracranial fibrous xanthoma (xanthofibroma) in an infant: a case report]. 203 18

The existence of chondroid chordoma (CC), initially described in 1973, has remained controversial. Since the antigenic profiles of both chordoma (CD) and cartilaginous (chondroid) lesions have been well characterized, we decided to study chondroid chordoma immunohistochemically. Our hypothesis was that chondroid chordoma should display a hybrid or mixed pattern of staining: chordomatous areas with an epithelial phenotype and cartilaginous areas with a mesenchymal (non-epithelial) phenotype. An analysis of CC (seven cases) was performed and compared with results obtained on notochord, cartilage, classic CD (18 cases), peripheral chondromas (two cases), and peripheral chondrosarcomas (CS, eight cases). Four epithelial markers were employed: MKER and AE-1 (both monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin); PKER (a polyclonal antibody to cytokeratin); and, EMA (epithelial membrane antigen). In addition, selected cases were tested for the presence of neurofilament (NF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). All 18 CD's exhibited the expected epithelial immunophenotype - MKER+, AE-1+, PKER+, and EMA+ - a reaction pattern nearly identical to that found in fetal notochord. This reinforced the importance of the growth pattern in assessing the presence of chordomatous elements. All chondromas and CS's failed to express any of the epithelial markers studied and contained only S-100 immunoreactivity, like cartilage. Chondroid chordoma resembled cartilaginous tumors immunohistochemically; no mixed pattern with even focal epithelial marker reactivity was identified. All CC tested were also NF and GFAP negative. We conclude that CC either does not exist or is extremely rare and that these tumors are cartilaginous in nature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Does chondroid chordoma exist? 243 34

A series of 146 primary and metastatic neoplasms of the CNS were studied with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether immunohistochemistry can help in the differential diagnosis and facilitate a more precise classification of CNS tumors. Neoplastic cells in glial tumors (astrocytomas, ependymomas, oligodendrocytomas) reacted strongly with GFAP. Immunoreactivity with antibodies to neurofilaments helped to distinguish neuronal tumors. Keratin was always positive in metastatic carcinomas, while vimentin positivity characterized mesenchymal differentiation. Other markers such as LCA, S-100, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, factor VIII, CEA and EMA were variably expressed by tumor cells providing information about cell differentiation and functional status.
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PMID:The contribution of immunohistochemistry to the differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic neoplasma of the central nervous system (CNS). 275 65

"Collagenous spherulosis" is the term used to describe striking concentric and radiating formations of collagen in tumors. It was originally used for these formations in epithelial tumors of the breast and subsequently in tumors of salivary glands. Recently, the histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features were described in a chondroid syringoma. We report a case of collagenous spherulosis in a schwannoma. Routine histologic sections showed a circumscribed tumor in which the predominant feature was radiating fibrillar structures that tended to compress the cellular component of the tumor. Immunohistochemical studies showed that the cells were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S-100 protein but negative for keratin. EMA showed a positive reaction in a thin band of cells around the periphery of the tumor consistent with perineurial cells. Type IV collagen stained around the periphery of the collagen formations. Electron microscopy revealed that the material was consistent with collagen. Our findings were essentially identical to those reported in the chondroid syringoma. This case confirms the findings of the previous study and shows that these unusual formations are not confined to tumors of epithelial origin. Because the architecture of the tumor is distorted, special stains may be required for correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Collagenous spherulosis in a schwannoma. 752 76

We developed a rapid immunohistochemical method using a microwave oven in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from normal and pathological tissues. The strongest immunoreactivity was obtained for actin, Ca 125, CEA, pan-cytokeratin, chromogranin A, EMA, GFAP, thyroglobulin, kappa and lambda chains. In control tissues, processed with conventional immunocytochemical procedure, the reactivity was found to be qualitatively and quantitatively similar. Dako EPOS kits were also assayed with good staining intensity, shortening the original technique to 16 min. Our microwave immunohistochemical method is simple, rapid and it may be recommended for use in routine laboratories.
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PMID:The use of microwave irradiation for immunohistochemistry: a new methodological proposal. 753 34

Occasionally variants of meningeal hemangiopericytomas (HPC) may be confused with primary and secondary tumours of the meninges by virtue of their features and patterns of growth. Until now, a specific immunohistochemical marker for HPC could not be identified. HPC are reported to express factor XIIIa (F XIIIa) in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells. In an effort to assess the diagnostic value of F XIIIa for meningeal HPC, we investigated 38 primary meningeal tumours (6 HPC, 28 meningiomas of various subtypes, 4 meningeal sarcomas) and 23 secondary meningeal tumors (8 metastatic carcinomas, 6 gliosarcomas, 9 anaplastic gliomas) with anti-F XIIIa antibody. All HPC revealed 5%-20% of F-XIIIa-positive neoplastic cells. Malignant fibrous histiocytomas and gliosarcomas with MFH-like structures also exhibited multiple F-XIIIa-positive cells. Most of the F-XIIIa-positive cells in meningiomas were identified as macrophages. Furthermore, there was a population of small dark cells of uncertain histogenesis. Cells with positive immunoreactivity for F-XIIIa in metastatic carcinomas and gliomas apparently were of macrophage lineage. Though, in some cases, it would have been difficult to distinguish reactive from neoplastic cells without simultaneous immunohistochemical investigation with antibodies for macrophages, cytokeratin, EMA and GFAP. Because of these uncertainties, wo believe that the potential of F XIIIa-antibody in obtaining precise differential diagnostic information is limited.
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PMID:Factor XIIIa immunoreactivity in primary and secondary tumours of the meninges. 790 1


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