Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of a polypoidal carcinoma with a pseudosarcomatous stromal reaction is presented. Histologically, the polypoidal tumor of the lower esophagus was revealed to be an adenosquamous cell carcinoma associated with the proliferation of atypical stromal cells, osteoclastic-like giant cells, and histiocytes. Using an immunohistochemical stain, these stromal atypical cells were found to be positive for vimentin, with some cells positive for alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. However these atypical cells proved negative as epithelial markers (keratin and EMA). Thus, it was felt that such atypical stromal cells may be a reactive proliferation of the stromal cells to an adenosquamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[A polypoidal adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with a pseudosarcomatous stromal reaction]. 234 61

Follicular, papillary, anaplastic and medullary cancers of the thyroid were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. The following antibodies were used: anti-S-100, antineuron-specific enolase (NSE), antikeratin, antithyroglobulin, anticalcitonin, anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), antiepithelial membrane antigen (EMA); the following hormones were also tested in the medullary carcinoma: gastrin, ACTH and serotonin. Papillary and follicular carcinoma in particular reacted with anti-S-100 and anti-NSE; the anaplastic neoplasia reacted with anti-S-100 (25%), anti-NSE (12%), antikeratin (12%), antithyroglobulin (12%), anti-CEA (37%) and anti-EMA (37%). Medullary carcinoma reacted with anticalcitonin (100%), anti-CEA (96%), anti-NSE (79%), anti-EMA (4%) and anti-S-100 (17%). We were not able to correlate the virulence of the medullary carcinoma with the anticalcitonin and anti-CEA reactivity, while the hyperplastic C cells were immunoreactive both with calcitonin or with CEA.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study in thyroid cancer. 244 41

Four antibodies (anti-CCA, anti-CEA, Ca-l, and anti-EMA) were used to study the distribution of antibody-binding sites in normal endocervical mucosa, metaplastic squamous epithelium, squamous epithelium exhibiting varying grades of intraepithelial neoplasia, and invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Anti-CCA, a novel monoclonal antibody raised against an extract of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, recognizes dysplastic, neoplastic, and metaplastic cervical epithelial cells. While anti-CCA and Ca-l rarely stained normal glandular epithelium, 31.4 and 45.7% of the samples stained positively for CEA and EMA, respectively. There did not appear to be significant differences between anti-CCA and the other antibodies in the frequency with which neoplastic conditions were stained. Based upon these observations, it appears that none of the antibodies tested can be regarded as a specific tumor marker.
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PMID:Cervical carcinoma antigen: distribution in neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix and comparison to other tumor markers. 245 72

Sclerosing hemangioma of the lung (SHL) was investigated immunohistochemically, histochemically and ultrastructurally with reference to cellular components associated with the histologic pattern: cuboidal cells in the papillary type, round cells in the solid type, flat cells in the hemorrhagic type and stromal cells in the sclerotic type. Immunohistochemically, cuboidal cells were positive for CEA, cytokeratin and EMA, whereas other cells were positive for EMA and vimentin. Immunoreactive factor-VIII-related antigen was confined to endothelial cells. Histochemically, cuboidal cells displayed alkaline phosphatase activity, but round cells showed ATPase activity. However, in spite of these different histochemical and immunohistochemical properties, morphological continuity was clearly revealed in immunostained sections; direct connection of spaces lined by cuboidal and flat cells, direct contact between cuboidal and stromal cells, and EMA expression of round cells associated with luminal structures were evident. Ultrastructurally, cuboidal cells were like alveolar cells. Flat and stromal cells showed microvillous protrusions and a discontinuous basement membrane, but some cells contained lamellar bodies. Solid cellular sheets consisted of various cells intermediate between cuboidal and flat or stromal cells. Direct apposition among these cells was evident. This morphological continuum confirms that each of these cell types are components of SHL as a whole. SHL may thus be merely sclerotic hemorrhagic alveolar cell tumor.
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PMID:So-called sclerosing hemangioma of the lung. An immunohistochemical, histochemical and ultrastructural study. 246 30

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare, poorly understood aggressive tumor of young women, associated with paraendocrine hypercalcemia in two-thirds of the cases. Immunohistochemical staining of 15 small cell carcinomas, one-third of which were associated with hypercalcemia, 15 adult granulosa cell tumors, 15 juvenile granulosa cell tumors, and 5 Sertoli cell tumors, was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE-1/AE-3, CAM 5.2, 902), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (B72.3, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA]), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lysozyme, parathyroid hormone, and chromogranin-A in an attempt to define histogenetically this tumor type. One-third of the small cell carcinomas were positive for EMA, whereas all of them were negative for B72.3 and S-100. In contrast, one-third of the granulosa cell tumors were positive for S-100 and all of them were negative for EMA and B72.3. One of five Sertoli cell tumors were positive for EMA and two were positive for B72.3, but all were negative for S-100. Differences existed in the frequency, intensity, and/or pattern of staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, lysozyme, and NSE among the various tumor types. A single small cell carcinoma from a patient with hypercalcemia stained focally for parathyroid hormone, whereas all 30 granulosa cell tumors and 4 of 5 Sertoli cell tumors were nonreactive. Chromogranin-A staining was noted in four of five small cell carcinomas, none of ten granulosa cell tumors, and two of five Sertoli cell tumors. These immunohistochemical findings, as well as previous light and electron microscopic data, do not clearly indicate any specific cell as the cell of origin of the ovarian small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Ovarian small cell carcinoma. Histogenetic considerations based on immunohistochemical and other findings. 247 44

Six cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the breast were reviewed. Immunohistochemical studies were carried out for actin, S-100 protein, EMA, keratin, CEA, vimentin, NSE, alpha-lactalbumin, and lysozyme. Fine needle aspiration biopsy smears of five patients were also reexamined. Patients were treated by tumorectomy, quadrantectomy, or modified radical mastectomy. Axillary dissection was carried out in five cases, with negative lymph nodes in all. Five patients are alive without evidence of disease from 1 year 10 months to 13 years 4 months following surgery. One patient died 7 1/4 years after mastectomy, without evidence of disease. Histologically, a diagnostic biphasic cellular pattern was seen in all cases. In addition, several unusual features were encountered in some cases: squamous metaplasia, stromal myxoid pseudocartilaginous foci, and well-formed neoplastic ducts. Actin and/or S-100 protein were variably positive in all cases. The reaction was usually present in occasional basaloid cells predominantly at the periphery of neoplastic structures. Keratin, EMA, and CEA immunostaining disclosed ductal type cells in all cases. Vimentin was positive in four cases, usually in many basaloid cells. Aspiration cytology was suspicious in two cases and yielded a definitive diagnosis of ACC in three cases. Cytologic diagnosis was based on cellular morphology and on the presence of characteristic globoid structures. Immunohistochemical results show that in ACC dual myoepithelial-ductal differentiation occurs but is relatively limited. Most of the tumor cells are not differentiated ("indifferent" cells) and often express strong vimentin positivity. Such cells are regarded as precursor cells for either differentiated element. Unusual metaplastic changes in breast ACC suggest a possible relation with pleomorphic adenoma-type tumors, and this might be of prognostic significance.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast: a histologic, cytologic, and immunohistochemical study. 247 45

Immunohistochemical studies on synovial sarcomas have proved the potentiality of these neoplasm for epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation and antibodies detecting epithelial cells have been found to be helpful in determining the histological types. In this study different epithelial markers directed against various cytokeratins, HMFG-2 and EMA were investigated on paraffin embedded tissues of 13 cases of synovial sarcomas, with regard to their reliability in unmasking the epithelial components demonstrable in this type of neoplasm. The results lead to three conclusions: firstly, synovial sarcomas possess the capacity for generating different epithelial cell types with uncommon compositions of intermediate filaments as well as of membrane proteins, secondly, these features may be expressed in a heterogenous pattern even within the same tumour and finally, the use of wide range anti-cytokeratin antibodies covering the spectrum of basic as well as acidic type proteins seems to be necessary for the detection of all epithelial components demonstrable in synovial sarcomas.
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PMID:Epithelial markers in synovial sarcoma. An immunohistochemical study on paraffin embedded tissues. 247 88

The purpose of the present investigation was to study the histogenesis of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. Eleven cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the minor salivary glands and five of the major glands were extensively studied employing immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic techniques. Both the intermediate cells and the duct cells showed a rather similar pattern of reactivity for vimentin, actin and EMA. Also, the intermediate cells and the myoepithelial cells showed a similar reaction pattern for keratin and UGA-1. The intermediate, myoepithelial and duct cells shared a similar reaction pattern for desmin, myosin, CEA, and S-100 protein. However, the rest of the tumor markers studied (AFP, PNA and WGA) were found to be non contributary. We also found that the intermediate and to some extent the epidermoid tumor cells showed a positive reaction with Azophloxine GA, which is a selective stain for myoepithelial cells in the normal glands. Based on these findings, the duct cells, the myoepithelial cell in the normal glands and the intermediate cells of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma share certain similar characteristics. The intermediate cells may actually be a mixed population, some having characteristics of the myopithelial cells and others of duct cells. These findings are relevant to the possible role of the intermediate cell in the histogenesis of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and fluorescent microscopic study of histogenesis of salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma. 247 19

Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors (ECSCSs) may simulate Sertoli cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), and adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs), both clinically and pathologically. Differing clinical features and histologic findings are almost always successful in distinguishing these tumor types, although in some cases the differential diagnosis is difficult. Immunohistochemical staining of 17 ECSCSs, 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 15 AGCTs was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 902, and CAM 5.2), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (EMA, OM-1, B72.3, and carcinoembryonic antigen B1.1), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase, and lysozyme to determine the immunohistochemical profile of each tumor type and to define further the nature of the sex cord-like components in ECSCSs. All 17 ECSCSs, none of the 15 AGCTs, and one of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs stained with EMA. Staining for OM-1 was almost as helpful diagnostically, with positive results for 15 of 17 ECSCSs, 0/15 AGCTs, and 1/14 Sertoli cell or SLCTs. Antikeratins were immunoreactive with all the ECSCSs as well as some of the AGCTs and Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs. The B72.3 and B1.1 were immunoreactive with some ECSCSs and Sertoli cell tumors, but were nonreactive with AGCTs. Neuron-specific enolase was demonstrated in 11 of 17 ECSCSs, two of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 0 of 15 AGCTs. Vimentin, S-100, and lysozyme were least helpful in the differential diagnosis. These studies suggest that an immunohistochemical approach may be useful in the differentiation of ECSCSs and sex cord-stromal tumors. Furthermore, it supports the conclusion that the sex cord-like cells in ECSCSs are not Sertoli or granulosa cells, but cells of surface epithelial type growing in architectural patterns similar to those of sex cord-stromal tumors.
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PMID:Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors. An immunohistochemical study. 247 93

A surgical case of an adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the esophagus in a 75-year-old man is reported. Histologically, the tumor consisted of an ACC, a squamous cell carcinoma and a small tubular adenocarcinoma. The ACC and the tubular adenocarcinomatous regions in the submucosa and the lamina propria were continuous with the overlying squamous cell carcinoma and atypical squamous epithelium. Immunohistochemically, two types of tumor cells were detected in the ACC. One was found to have EMA-positive epithelial cells whereas the other had actin-positive myoepithelial cells. In the normal esophageal gland, actin-positive cells are found at the periphery of acini and around the layer of epithelial cells in the small duct but they have not been detected in the main duct. These findings suggest that the tumor developed from the small duct and differentiated into two directions: an ACC and a squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[A case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus]. 255 29


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