Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0268596 (EMA)
 2,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gliosarcomas are mixed tumors with malignant glial and mesenchymal elements. The number of GFAP-positive tumor cells decreases with the increase of sarcomatous components, until whole areas may be GFAP negative. These distinct differentiations may, however, lead to false interpretations in small tissue samples. In this connection, it is of interest that, according to other reports, glial tumors may be positive for different anti-keratin antibodies and this prompted us to undertake a systematic investigation of the immunoreactivity of gliosarcomas using a panel of well-characterized monoclonal antibodies against cytokeratins (KL1, AE 1/3, Lu-5, CK-19, CK MNF 116 and Ma-903). These cases were further studied with the anti-epithelial non-cytokeratin antibodies EMA, HEA 125, Ber-EP4, CEA as well as the melanoma-antibody HMB-45, Leu-M1, GFAP and vimentin. As screening study we examined 20 cerebral metastatic carcinomas, 21 malignant gliomas (including 6 gliosarcomas) and 3 metastatic melanomas with the monoclonal antibodies KL1 and HMB-45. All cerebral metastatic carcinomas and 4/6 gliosarcomas were positive for KL1, whereas all melanomas, 2 metastatic carcinomas and 3 gliosarcomas showed an immunostaining with HMB-45. All gliosarcomas were positive with at least one of the tested anti-cytokeratin antibodies. The gliosarcomas did not show an immunoreaction in any of the cases when CEA, HEA 125, Ber-EP4, EMA or Leu M1 were applied. In our opinion, the monoclonal antibodies HEA 125 and Ber-EP4 could obviously be helpful in differentiating gliosarcomas from metastatic carcinomas.
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PMID:Epithelial and melanoma antigens in gliosarcoma. An immunohistochemical study. 159 90

An immunohistochemical study of 40 primary and secondary malignant melanomas in 27 patients, with routinely-used monoclonal antibodies, demonstrated the antigenic pattern exhibited by these tumors, as well as the frequency of aberrant positivities for epithelial cell markers. The following results were found: 95% of melanomas stained positively for S100 protein and vimentin, which is the characteristic immunohistochemical pattern in melanomas. In most cases, the primary tumor and its metastases in a given patient had the same antigenic phenotype. As for epithelial markers, 10% of melanomas stained positively for KL1 and 27.5% for EMA. Despite this relatively high frequency of KL1 and EMA positivities, in practice, simultaneous positivity for S100 protein and vimentin, confronted with the patient's history and with histologic features, firmly establishes the diagnosis of malignant melanoma in virtually all cases.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical characteristics of malignant melanoma. A study of 40 cases and review of the literature]. 218 22

The histogenesis of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease has been studied by immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded tissue using a panel of epithelial cell markers, which react with secretory or ductal epithelium, but not stratified epithelium. These markers included a monoclonal antibody E29 to epithelial membrane antigen EMA, the cytokeratin marker CAM 5.2 and three new monoclonal antibodies raised to human milk fat globule membrane (LICR-LON-TW19 and H.10.A) and a human bladder cell cancer line (3.77). The findings demonstrate that both mammary and extramammary Paget's disease are of epithelial cell origin and share antigens expressed by simple epithelia. Some antigens, such as EMA and low molecular weight cytokeratins are consistently present in both diseases, whereas other antigens, identified by H.10.A and TW19 are found more frequently in cases of extramammary Paget's disease. This panel of monoclonal antibodies also proved useful in distinguishing Paget's disease from pagetoid melanoma and clear cell Bowen's disease.
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PMID:The histogenesis of mammary and extramammary Paget's disease. 255 77

Nevus cell components have been observed in up to 40% of melanomas, but little is known of the pathobiology of these components in relation to their malignant potential. We studied 44 nevi of the typical, dysplastic, congenital, and Spitz types with a battery of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that react on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (HMB.45, S-100 protein, RAP-5, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA], and neuron-specific enolase [NSE]) by avidin-biotin immunohistochemical methods. EMA and RAP-5 (which detects the ras oncogene-associated P21 protein) were negative in all cases. Melanoma-specific HMB.45 was strongly reactive with the epidermal component and had a weak to negative reaction with the dermal component in the typical nevi. However, the reaction seen with HMB.45 in the junctional component of dysplastic nevi, congenital nevi, and some Spitz nevi was heterogeneous. One Spitz nevi showed HMB.45 staining in a pattern near to that of melanoma. In contrast to HMB.45, S-100 protein labeled nevomelanocytes, regardless of whether they were within the epidermis or dermis, although, in half of the dysplastic nevi, the reaction was heterogeneous, with some atypical cells failing to stain. But, with cytologically atypical junctional component (dysplastic-appearing), congenital nevi also stained heterogeneously for S-100 protein compared with the dermal component. NSE stained the central component of some Spitz nevi more intensely than the lateral component. Junctional nevomelanocytic subsets of some congenital nevi revealed HMB.45 and S-100 reactivity similar to dysplastic nevi.
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PMID:Typical, dysplastic, congenital, and Spitz nevi: a comparative immunohistochemical study. 229 3

As some tumors metastasize frequently to marrow we modified the clonogenic assay for human tumor cell growth by culturing tumor cells in the presence of human bone marrow stromal cells. In a bilayer soft agar assay, human tumor cells which had been passaged in nude mice were plated in the agar overlayer on an underlayer containing a suspension of trypsinized human bone marrow stromal cells. These marrow stromal cells stimulated the growth of tumor cells in a dose-dependent fashion, with a growth peak at a stromal cell density of 5-10 x 10(5)/ml. The maximal stimulation of tumour cell growth was 13-fold. We evaluated clonal growth of six separate tumors of five different histological types (small and large cell bronchogenic carcinoma; mammary carcinoma; malignant melanoma; pleural mesothelioma) and demonstrated that in 9 of 11 experiments tumor cell colonies formed in the absence of stromal cells, but colony growth was markedly stimulated by stromal cells in every case. Stromal stimulation persisted after irradiation of the stromal cells with 10 Gy. Growth of five fresh human tumor samples was similarly stimulated by the presence of human bone marrow stromal cells. Tumor cell colonies were characterized morphologically by Pappenheim stain and immunologically for surface antigens by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunostaining utilizing monoclonal antibodies (carcinoembryonic antigen 26/3/13 and 26/5/1, EMA, HEA125, Sam 2 and Sam 10) which detected epithelial cell antigens. Colonies consisted of cytologically malignant cells which expressed epithelial cell antigens. Thus, the tumor cell origin of colonies from mammary carcinoma and bronchogenic small cell, large cell, and adenocarcinoma was proven. This tumor stem cell assay permits further analyses of human tumor cell biology and may be useful for testing drug sensitivity.
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PMID:Effects of human bone marrow stroma on the growth of human tumor cells. 291 45

Five cases are described of a distinctive histologic variant of benign spindle and epithelioid cell nevus characterized by extensive and prominent stromal hyalinization. The lesions consisted of a proliferation of spindle or epithelioid nevocytes scattered singly or in small clusters in the dermis and surrounded by abundant paucicellular hyalinized or collagenous stroma. Three patients were men and two were women. Their age range was 23 to 45 years (mean, 32). Two of the lesions were located in the head and neck region, two in the lower extremities, and one in the trunk. Immunohistochemical strains showed positive staining of the spindle or epithelioid cells with S-100 protein and vimentin; stains for keratin, EMA, CEA, actin, and desmin were all negative. Van Gieson and trichrome histochemical reaction demonstrated the collagenous nature of the hyalinized intercellular matrix; Congo red, crystal violet, and alcian blue stains were all negative. The etiology and pathogenesis of the intercellular hyalin deposits are unknown, but they probably represent a regressive phenomenon in longstanding or involuting lesions. Hyalinizing Spitz nevus must be included in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous lesions exhibiting a prominent hyalinized stroma and must be differentiated from other dermal neoplasms, particularly cutaneous metastases from occult internal malignancies and malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Hyalinizing spindle and epithelioid cell nevus. A study of five cases of a distinctive histologic variant of Spitz's nevus. 753 78

An unusual case of primary balloon cell malignant melanoma (BCMM) in brain arising from melanoblastic meningeal (or diffuse meningeal) naevus in a 30-year-old woman has been presented. The characteristic balloon cells were amelanotic or focally extremely weakly melanotic. The large, uniformly looking, tightly packed, pale "balloon cells" formed the homomorphic texture of the spherical well demarcated tumor lying in the white matter of right temporo-parietal region beneath the nevoid-looking partially melanotic diffuse meningeal and cortical infiltrate. Positive melanoma antigen HMB-45, S-100 protein and vimentin along with negative epithelial membrane antigen EMA and markers for macrophages like alfa-1-antitrypsine and CD-68 proved that balloon cells belong to and may form a peculiar type of melanoma. The lack of suspected skin or mucosal naevi and coexisting meningeal naevus speak for the primary character of the balloon cell melanoma. According to our knowledge it is the first primary balloon cell melanoma of the brain. Differential diagnosis and the pathogenesis are discussed.
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PMID:Primary balloon cell malignant melanoma of the right temporo-parietal region arising from meningeal naevus. 772 77

To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a primary extracranial meningioma located in the palatine tonsil. Immunohistochemical investigation of the tumour showed coexpression of vimentin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). No staining was found with antibodies against cytokeratins KL1, 13/10, 8 and 18, epithelial membrane antigen EMA and melanoma protein (HMB-45). It seems justifiable to classify this tumour as an atypical meningioma because of the local increased mitotic activity.
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PMID:[Ectopic meningioma of the tonsil]. 924 77

Microwave oven (mwo) is used to stimulate tissue fixation and to retrieve antigens damaged by fixation. Heavy metal salt solutions, water, and citric acid buffer (cab) have been suggested for this purpose. A serie of tumors treated with cab and phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) with mwo were studied immunohistochemically with 24 antibodies. Controls were treated in the same way, except for microwaving. The antibodies were directed against antigens of the following tumors: breast and prostate carcinoma, carcinoid, lymphoma and melanoma. The results showed that cab enhanced the immunoreactivity of the following antigens: estrogen receptors (AMAC), progesterone receptors (Novocastra), HMB45, vimentin, leukocyte common antigen, PCNA, p53, MIB-1 (Ki-67) and prostatic specific antigen. The antigens that did not improve their immunoreactivity, when compared with the control series were: factor VIII, keratin, Leu 22, L26, neuron-specific enolase, CEA, chromogranin, HBME-1, smooth muscle actin and EMA. Microwaving equally improved protein S100 and desmin either with cab or pbs. The only antigen that improved with pbs was actin. The results with B72.3 and NKI/C3 were poor and not reliable. In conclusion microwaving with cab enhances the immunoreactivity of the antibodies mentioned above leading to an increase in sensibility without loosing specificity.
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PMID:[Antigen retrieval by microwave oven with buffer of citric acid]. 799 28

Microvillous non-hodgkin lymphomas are large cell malignant lymphomas with a sinus growth pattern and the presence of cytoplasmic processes detected by electron microscopy. Microvillous non-hodgkin lymphomas appear to be of B cell lineage. Neoplasms considered in the differential diagnosis include anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphomas, malignant histiocytosis and metastatic carcinoma or malignant melanoma. A panel of markers are usually sufficient to recognize all of these neoplasms except microvillous lymphomas. We report a case of microvillous non-hodgkin lymphoma characterized by a histologic pattern mimicking those of anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphoma. However, immunohistochemistry study failed to demonstrate presence of activation antigen such as Ki-1, EMA, interleukin 2 receptor. Ultrastructural study showed that neoplastic cells exhibited filliform cytoplasmic processes. This report raise the possibility of an overlap between microvillous non-hodgkin lymphomas and anaplastic large cell Ki-1 lymphomas of B-cell lineage. It must be emphasized that, initially, these two kinds of lymphomas were defined with different morphologic technologies.
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PMID:[Is it possible to individualize microvillous large-cell lymphoma among sinusoid lymphomas?]. 831 63


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