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Volcanic ashes from the Puna and surrounding Andean areas in northern Argentina show that sometimes volcanic ash deposits are very well preserved (up to several million years) and can remain a potential hazard for the environment in a similar way as current deposits. Eight ashes have been characterized by SEM-EDX and DRX, and their potential released geochemical fluxes were examined by using water and nitric acid batches, which are analyzed by ICP-OES, ICP-MS and ISE (F). Results demonstrate that water batch system is better medium than nitric acid for this study. The high and fast reactivity of these ancient ashes is mainly associated with their high content in glass. The order of magnitude of released contents of implied elements is consistent among the samples, i.e., Al>B>Fe>Zn>F>P>Mn>Ba>Sr>Li>Ti>Rb>Cu>Ni>Sb>Pb>As>Cr>V. Ash-water interaction, although infrequent in arid regions such as the Puna Region in northern Argentina, introduces rapid changes in the geochemical fluxes of elements and pH and may constitute a potential hazard for the environment. In fact, many of these elements are included in the drinking water guidelines due to their potential toxicity and may constitute potential hazards for the environment and human health.
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PMID:Environmental geochemistry of ancient volcanic ashes. 2067 46

We analyze the sources and mechanisms that control the release of fluoride from sediments collected from two types of aquatic reservoirs in the central region of Argentina: 1) mountainous rivers draining crystalline rocks from the Sierras Pampeanas ranges, and 2) shallow aquifers in loessic sediments. The assessment was performed on the basis of experimental work and the study of chemical and mineralogical characteristics of sediments in contact with F-rich waters of the studied region. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of sediments were analyzed by ICP/OES, DRX, and SEM-EDS. Batch experiments were conducted to evaluate the kinetics of fluoride release under variable pH and ionic composition of the solution. The enhanced release of fluoride at more acidic pH, the inhibition of release in Ca-rich solutions and the positive significant linear trends between Ca(2+) and fluoride concentrations suggest that the dissolution of a Ca/F-bearing phase (like fluorapatite) strongly controls the dynamics of fluoride in the early stages of water-sediment interaction, particularly under acidic conditions. Calculations revealed that the dissolution of an amount of FAp equivalent to that estimated in the studied sediments may widely account for the values measured in the leaching experiments at pH6, whatever the dominant cation in the solution. Under such conditions, dissolution of FAp (present as coatings onto glass surfaces or as detritic grains) is likely the major primary source of fluorine in the studied sediments. Contribution from biotite may be also considered as a source in fluvial sediments. When adequate surfaces are present the released anions may partially be scavenged from the solution by adsorption at acidic pH. Increasing alkalinity in the aquatic reservoirs may then release the adsorbed fluoride through desorption or through competition with other anionic species. Comparing both mechanisms, dissolution predominates at lower pH while desorption is the main contribution under alkaline conditions.
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PMID:Mechanisms of fluoride release in sediments of Argentina's central region. 2320 45

Table olives, a widely consumed delicacy, are often selected by consumers based on the shade of their green color. The appealing coloration of fresh olives fades to brown or pale yellow during the industrial processing necessary for commercialization and storage, as a result of the degradation of chlorophyll a and b to their corresponding pheophytins and other chlorophyll degradation products (CDP). The re-greening of table olives may be achieved by complexation of CDP with Cu2+, to form stable bright green copper CDP (Cu-CDP) complexes. To study this phenomenon, we developed a novel method to separately extract lipophilic and hydrophilic Cu-CDP and quantify Cu-CDP by UHPLC combined with inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ICP-ID-MS) using post-column isotopic dilution with 65Cu. This technique does not require species-specific calibration standards and was applied to survey the Cu-CDP composition of the various types of table olives sold in the US market. The CDP and Cu-CDP extracted from table olives were identified by high resolution full-scan mass spectrometry. Total elemental Cu in table olives was measured by microwave digestion followed by ICP-MS detection and correlated with the content of Cu-CDP. Pale yellow olives contained <1 mg/kg lipophilic Cu-CDP and <3.5 mg/kg total elemental Cu. Bright green table olives contained 4-22 mg/kg lipophilic Cu-CDP and 14.4-161 mg/kg total elemental Cu in contrast to <6 mg/kg reported for natural abundance, indicating the formation of Cu-CDP was achieved by addition of copper salts. A dark green sample with 2.5 mg/kg of total copper and 0.267 mg/kg lipophilic Cu-CDP may have been processed by addition of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC); the higher content of Cu isochlorin e4 compared to Cu 152-Me-chlorin e6 supports this conclusion.
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PMID:Quantitation of copper chlorophylls in green table olives by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry. 3225 85