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Query: UMLS:C0268318 (ICP)
 10,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the spectral interference on ICP-atomic emission spectrometer (AES), the concentrations of 41 elements were measured when 42 standard solutions (1000 ppm) of a single element were introduced. Interference over 10 ppm was observed in 16 couples of elements out of 1681 examined and over 2 ppm in 54 couples. The concentrations of six elements (Ca, Mg, Na, S, Si, Sr) in 10 kinds of commercially available natural mineral water were determined simultaneously with the ICP-AES.
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PMID:[Examination of spectral interference in ICP-atomic emission spectrometry and metal analysis on commercially available natural mineral water]. 263 15

The effects of an 8-h period of reduced colloid oncotic pressure (COP) on cerebral edema formation following cryogenic brain injury were studied in 24 normothermic, normocarbic rabbits. Anesthesia was induced with halothane and catheters inserted to permit the monitoring of arterial, right atrial, and intracranial pressures (MAP, CVP, and ICP, respectively). When surgery was complete, halothane was discontinued, 40 mg/kg of pentobarbital was given iv, and ventilation continued with 66% N2O/balance O2. A left parietal cryogenic injury was then produced using liquid N2, and the animals assigned to one of three groups. In group 1 (Control, n = 8), only maintenance lactated Ringer's solution (LR) was given for the remainder of the study. Beginning 30 min after injury, animals in the other two groups (n = 8 each) underwent 45 min of plasmapheresis (arterial phlebotomy, with packed cells returned). In group 2 (Iso-COP) separated plasma was replaced with 6% hetastarch in LR, while in group 3 (Hypo-COP), plasma was replaced with LR alone. In both groups, the volume of fluid given was adjusted to maintain MAP and CVP at baseline values. After plasmapheresis, animals subsequently received only maintenance LR. Eight and one-half hours after the injury (8 h after the start of plasmapheresis), animals were killed and the brains removed. Regional tissue specific gravities (SpGr) and water contents (%H2O) were measured respectively by microgravimetry and drying. In addition, the %H2O of samples of skeletal muscle and small bowel were determined to assess peripheral edema formation. There were no important intergroup differences in MAP, CVP, ICP, blood gases, or osmolality at any time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prolonged reduction in colloid oncotic pressure does not increase brain edema following cryogenic injury in rabbits. 280 12

From 1973 to 1986, 50 infants with sagittal synostosis have been operated by three different methods of craniectomy (linear craniectomy and extended craniectomies, as proposed by Schut and Epstein et al.). Preoperatively, the mean cephalic index was 67 +/- 4, 35.5% had clinical findings as cerebral palsy, psychomotor retardation and/or neurological signs, and intraoperatively the epidural pressure was more than 200 mm H2O in 60% (recorded in the last 20 patients). The mean follow-up time was 4.7 (1-10.6) years. Postoperatively, only 14.5% had minor clinical signs, which were mostly not in relation to the former scaphocephaly. Half of the patients with increased ICP had clinical signs preoperatively, and none of the 20 patients had distinct findings postoperatively. Out of the 20 children operated on by linear craniectomy or by Schut's method up to 1980, two-thirds had no school problems and one-third some school problems; one-third had occasionally headaches and one-quarter ametropia. Concerning the aesthetic results, Epstein's method and, somewhat less Schut's method, were superior to linear craniectomy, as verified by craniometry and by the tracings of the outlines of the neurocranium 0.4-0.7 and 1.6-2.0 years postoperatively: mean cephalic indices 73 +/- 5 (normal in one-fourth), 74 +/- 7 (normal in half) and 79 +/- 4 (normal in nearly all patients). Epstein's method is superior to the other two methods because it renders it possible to increase the breadth the greatest during the period of greatest postnatal brain growth. In addition to the effect on the neurocranium, the extended craniectomies add to normalization of the base of the skull (in contrast to the natural history of scaphocephaly). In the long run, the results obtained remain the same. The disadvantage of residual skull defects (approximately 11% of the patients with extended craniectomies) can be avoided by performing surgery prior to 4-6 months of age or by preserving the removed bone in a deep-freeze for a limited time.
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PMID:Sagittal synostosis--its clinical significance and the results of three different methods of craniectomy. 273 51

The prognosis of intracerebral haemorrhage is extremely poor when arterial hypertension is present. We investigated elastance of the brain tissue and brain hydraulic conductivity in normotensive (MAP approximately 110 mmHg) and hypertensive (MAP approximately 170 mmHg/angiotensin infusion) cats following a stereotactically produced intracerebral haemorrhage. For 12 hours after the onset of haemorrhage we registered the course of ICP, subsequently the water content of cortex, white matter and basal ganglia as well as the interstitial concentration of serum proteins in the corresponding regions were determined (Evans-Blue, immunofluorescence). Hypertension was associated with a slight increase in ICP and tissue water content but with a 3 fold more elevated content of interstitial serum proteins. Immunofluorescence analysis showed the oedema in the hypertensive group to be vasogenic in nature and in the normotensive cats to originate from the haematoma itself. The generally poor outcome of intracerebral mass haemorrhage in hypertensive subjects could be ascribed to the nature of the concomitant brain oedema, as described in this study.
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PMID:Pathomechanism of brain oedema in experimental intracerebral mass haemorrhage. 321 47

The effect of hypotension on postischemic cerebral edema was studied by the occlusion-reperfusion model of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of a cat. The middle cerebral artery was transorbitally occluded for 3 hrs and reperfused for 3 hrs. We chose cats whose CBF decreased lower than 10 ml/100 g/min by the MCA occlusion. We studied 10 cats as a control group and 6 cats as the hypotension group. The mean arterial blood pressure was lowered artificially about 50 mmHg from the previous value using ATP and dipyridamole just before and during the reperfusion. The CBF was measured by the hydrogen clearance method and extradural pressure was recorded. The water content of cerebral hemisphere was measured by the drying-weighing method after sacrifice. In the control group the preocclusive value of CBF was 65.9 +/- 20.6 ml/100g/min and the value just after reperfusion was 35.0 +/- 21.5 ml. The value 3 hours after reperfusion was 8.2 +/- 11.0 ml. In the hypotension group, these values were 53.9 +/- 14.0 ml, 40.6 +/- 19.6 ml and 18.1 +/- 12.2 ml respectively. The ICP increased from 9.1 +/- 8.6 to 90.0 +/- 22.6 mmHg in the control group and in the hypotension group from 4.5 +/- 6.5 to 37.7 +/- 10.1 mmHg. The water content of the affected hemisphere was 79.7 +/- 0.5% in the control group and 79.1 +/- 0.5% in the hypotension group. The hypotension didn't change the CBF just after reperfusion and also maintained it more than the control until 3 hrs after the reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The effect of artificial hypotension on postischemic cerebral edema in the reperfusion of middle cerebral arterial occlusion in cats--experimental study]. 370 23

The measurement of NMRD profiles of water protons of excised tissues containing paramagnetic metal ions is one of the few ways of determining the biochemical and biophysical state of these ions in vivo. It is of critical importance, for example, to verify that Gd, injected as Gd(DTPA) to enhance contrast in MRI, remains chelated, since free Gd ions are highly toxic. We have investigated this in the renal medulla of rabbits. Fitting the magnetization data at each field of the dispersion to a single exponential shows that Gd accumulates predominantly in the renal medulla, from which it is cleared within 18 hours, and that Gd(DTPA) introduced intravenously into rabbits is excreted as Gd(DTPA) in the urine as rotationally mobile as in neat water. Taking a larger data set at each field and fitting it to the sum of two exponentials, since the errors of the single exponential analysis were larger than for other tissues, shows that the relaxation behavior of the renal medulla, free of contrast agent, can be well-described by a single relaxation rate at 37 degrees C. For increasing concentrations of Gd in the medulla, as determined by ICP analysis, two relaxation rates are required to account for the data, due to compartmentalization of tissue water and inhomogeneous distribution of Gd. These results, and similar data after mild mechanical disruption of renal structures, show unequivocally that the Gd in the renal medulla remains the chelate complex Gd(DTPA) and rotationally mobile, for dosages up to 300 mumoles/kg injected.
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PMID:Magnetic field dependence (NMRD profile) of 1/T1 of rabbit kidney medulla and urine after intravenous injection of Gd(DTPA). 377 Nov 56

After reviewing the literature, a personal series of 10 adult patients with cerebellar infarction diagnosed by CT scan is described. The clinical picture in young adult men is characterized by rapid onset of headache, vomiting, vertigo, ataxia and blurred vision. After this sudden onset the patients may present a stable course or a rapid or delayed onset of brain stem compression, revealed by impairment of consciousness. CT scan is the diagnostic method of choice. The correlation between angiographic and CT localization of the infarction is not good. For therapy the following policy is suggested: in alert and clinically stable patients: medical treatment (mannitol, glycerol, dexamethason), ICP and serial CT monitoring; in alert patients with hydrocephalus or mass effect: medical treatment and monitoring as mentioned before; ventricular drainage if ICP surpasses 350 mm H2O; in patients with impaired consciousness and hydrocephalus or mass effect: immediate ventricular drainage. If it is not followed by prompt improvement of the level of consciousness, an emergency suboccipital craniectomy with removal of the infarcted tissue should be done.
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PMID:Surgical management of acute cerebellar infarction. 398 89

The present studies were performed to determine whether cerebral edema will develop as a consequence of arterial hypertension and/or craniectomy. Arterial hypertension was induced for 30 minutes by inflation of a balloon catheter situated in the descending aorta, and a parietal craniectomy was performed. The cerebral edema noticed was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observations, BBB permeability of HRP and Evans blue and water content. In addition, ICP was measured in the cisterna magna and ICPP by a catheter-tip transducer. In arterial hypertension or craniectomy alone, some small areas of Evans blue extravasation with increased water content were seen in the cortex, which corresponded to the occipito-parietal parts of the arterial boundary zones. In contrast, when arterial hypertension was combined with craniectomy, these lesions extended further into underlying white matter with increased water content. Forty-eight hours later, extensive brain edema with a shift of midline structures developed on the side of craniectomy which differed from that in arterial hypertension or craniectomy alone. It is suggested that some hydrostatic pressure gradients, particularly between blood vessel and surrounding extracellular space and among different areas within the brain parenchyma, may play an important role in the development of brain edema.
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PMID:Cerebral edema associated with craniectomy and arterial hypertension. 402 78

The effect of mannitol to decrease the raised ICP is well documented and mannitol is now widely used in clinical practice. However, its mechanism of lowering ICP still remains controversial, especially under the condition of vasogenic edema. The objective of this study is to reexamine and delineate the mechanism of ICP reducing effect of mannitol, using quantitative vasogenic edema model, specific gravimetric technique to measure the brain water content, and the method to estimate the CSF dynamics without disturbing the physiological condition of intracranial compartments in cats. Quantitative increase of water content of the white matter was produced by the infusion of 0.5 ml of normal saline though stereotaxically inserted 25-G needle into the left frontal white matter. In control group, cats were sacrificed and water content of the gray and white matter of each coronary sliced brain was measured by specific gravimetric technique. In the mannitol group, 20% of mannitol (2 g/kg) was administrated via femoral vein within 3 minutes. The maximum reduction of ICP was achieved at the average of 30 minutes. At this time, the cats were sacrificed and the water content of brain was measured in the same way as in the control group. PVI, Ro, If (Marmarou) were calculated before and after mannitol administration. In parameter group, BP, ICP, CVP, serum osmotic pressure and osmolarity were measured without terminating the experiment. The changes of water content of the gray and white matter before and after mannitol administration in the area of infusion edema were 80.7% to 80.8% and 76.8% to 77.1% respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The mechanism of intracranial pressure-reducing effect of mannitol]. 644 89

A method has been developed that allows flow cytometry to be used for measuring the cellular DNA content of paraffin-embedded human tumors. Thick (i.e., 30 micron) sections were cut from tissue blocks using a microtome and dewaxed in xylene. The sections were then rehydrated by sequentially immersing them in 100, 95, 70, and 50% ethanol before finally washing in distilled water. Single cell suspensions were then prepared by incubation in 0.5% pepsin, pH 1.5, at 37 degrees C for 30 min. The cells were counted, washed, and stained with 1 microgram/ml 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole for 30 min, and DNA content was measured using an ICP 22 flow cytometer. There was a good correlation between the DNA histograms produced using this method and those obtained using unfixed tissue from the same tumor stained with ethidium bromide plus mithramycin. This method allows the retrospective study of archival material where the clinical outcome is already known, and it should, therefore, be particularly useful for determining the prognostic significance of abnormal DNA content measured by flow cytometry.
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PMID:Method for analysis of cellular DNA content of paraffin-embedded pathological material using flow cytometry. 661 38


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