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Query: UMLS:C0268318 (ICP)
 10,007 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inductively coupled plasma-MS (ICP-MS) and its combined use with molecular mass spectrometric techniques have become the most promising detection techniques in speciation studies. High sensitivity and element specificity of ICP-MS has the advantage of detecting trace amounts of the species of interest in complex matrices. This review is divided into two parts. In the first part, suitable use of ICP-MS either online or offline with currently used separation techniques such as HPLC, CE, and gel electrophoresis in speciation analysis is briefly discussed. In the second part, recent applications (1999-2005) of phosphorus speciation is presented to elucidate the importance of ICP-MS in separation methods and to illustrate its importance in nonmetal detection.
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PMID:Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in separation techniques: recent trends in phosphorus speciation. 1627 86

With the development of life science, pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis becomes more and more important in medical science. Further studies will be hopefully established if it is possible to use inorganic elemental standards or small organic compounds in the quantitative determination of all kinds of drugs, nucleotides and sulfur or phosphorus containing peptides and proteins at appropriate concentration with an acceptable accuracy. Since 1980, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has emerged as a new and powerful analytical technique which is suitable for element and isotope analysis. It offers extremely wide detection range of element and co-analysis of most elements in the periodic table. Also, it can be applied to perform qualitative, semiquantitative, and quantitative analysis and isotopic ratios through mass-to-electric charge ratio. With the help of ICP-MS, the struggle of searching for an excellent quantification technique in, e.g. drugs and proteomics has come appreciably close to an end. This review mainly focuses on the introduction of application of ICP-MS in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. Some problems in application and the handling strategies are simply presented at the end.
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PMID:The application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. 1636 86

The combination of ultrasonic nebulization with membrane desolvation (USN-MD) is utilized to determine active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) by heteroatom inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) detection. Ultrasonic nebulization provides efficient sampling while use of the membrane desolvator acts to reduce solvent-based interferences. This approach reduces interferences sufficiently so that a standard argon ICP-quadrupole MS can be utilized. Examined APIs and associated heteroatoms included: phosphomycin (P), amoxicillin (S), chlorpropamide (Cl), and ofloxacin (F). The optimum plasma r.f. powers for P, S, and Cl were in the 1000 to 1200 watts range. The high ionization energy of F required that the plasma be operated at 1500 W. The 16O2+ interference at mass 32 precluded determinations using the sulfur-32. The sulfur-34 (4.2% natural isotopic abundance), however, was relatively free of isobaric interferences. Interferences were relatively small at the mass 35 isotope of Cl, but increased with higher ICP r.f. powers. Overlaps were significant at the masses of monoisotopic species, fluorine-19 and phosphorus-31. Detection limits for P, S, Cl, and F of 2, 3, 90, and 3000 ng/mL, respectively, were generally lower than those produced with other quadrupole systems and comparable to or better than values published utilizing high-resolution instruments.
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PMID:Determination of active pharmaceutical ingredients by heteroatom selective detection using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with ultrasonic nebuilization and membrane desolvation sample introduction. 1645 16

We studied whether urinary oxalate excretion after an acute oral load of oxalic acid is influenced by concomitant administration of calcium in rats. Male Wistar rats weighing approximately 180 g were divided into six groups of five animals each. After inducing anesthesia, the animals were orally (via a gastrostomy) given 110 micromol of oxalic acid along with 0, 27.5, 55, 110, or 220 micromol of calcium (0, 27.5, 55, 110, or 220 micromol Ca group, respectively). Saline was given to the control group instead of oxalic acid. Urine specimens were collected before administration and then at hourly intervals up to 5 h afterward. Urinary oxalate and citrate levels were measured by capillary electrophoresis, while urinary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels were measured by ICP spectrophotometry. Urinary oxalate excretion peaked at 1 h after administration and was higher in the 0, 27.5, and 55 micromol Ca groups than in the control group. The urinary recovery of oxalate in these groups was 10-15%, while the recovery rate was less than 3% in other groups. Urinary Ca excretion showed no significant changes, either over time or between groups. Free oxalic acid is absorbed more readily from the gastrointestinal tract than calcium oxalate, while simultaneous administration of calcium appears to block intestinal oxalic acid absorption in a dose-dependent manner.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal oxalic acid absorption in calcium-treated rats. 1670 67

Quantification of genomic DNA is critical for many analyses in molecular biology. Current methods include optical density (OD) measurements or fluorescent enhancement but both approaches have limitations on achievable accuracy. In this study we performed an elemental analysis to quantify genomic DNA to provide an independent value for comparing the performance of four quantification methods. Specifically ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy) was used to assign a concentration value to a DNA stock solution, based on the stoichiometry of phosphorus within the molecule. Two absorbance- and two fluorescence-based methods were then used to quantify the same DNA solution using replicate analyses. The precision of each method was assessed by measurement of replicate spread (coefficient of variation) and trueness by t-test. Results showed that performance of the methods was variable, both in terms of concordance with the independent ICP-OES value and repeatability of data. While need for expensive equipment and technical expertise may preclude widespread replacement of more traditional methods for DNA quantification, use of primary methods such as ICP-OES analysis for production of accurate calibrants may increase quantitative accuracy and give greater appreciation of the true performance of current methods.
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PMID:Use of elemental analysis to determine comparative performance of established DNA quantification methods. 1680 75

Seasonal profiles of sulphur, phosphorus, and potassium content in the wood of trees have been established for the first time. This became possible by using a novel laser ablation system coupled to HR-ICP-MS for measuring these elements in Norway spruce drill cores. This technique combines excellent spatial resolution with superior detection power, and makes it possible to measure low element concentrations even in relatively narrow annual rings. Despite its low quantity in wood, sulphur is an important macronutrient for plants and seems to display seasonal variations of its concentration, which correspond to actual theories of sulphur metabolism in plants. A similar seasonal pattern was also found for phosphorus, another crucial element in tree nutrition. This was unexpected, because it was previously assumed that the distribution of phosphorus remains constant throughout the year. Potassium, the third element measured, seems to be especially accumulated in the latewood. The profiles presented in this article suggest a seasonal variation, revealing some new aspects of Norway spruce (PICEA ABIES) metabolism.
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PMID:Seasonal profiles of sulphur, phosphorus, and potassium in Norway spruce wood. 1690 84

Many essential cellular functions such as growth rate, motility, and metabolic activity are linked to reversible protein phosphorylation, since they are controlled by signaling cascades based mainly on phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events. Quantification of global or site-specific protein phosphorylation is not straightforward with standard proteomic techniques. The coupling of capillary liquid chromatography (microLC) with ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry) is a method which allows a quantitative screening of protein extracts for their phosphorus and sulfur content, and thus provides access to the protein phosphorylation degree. In extension of a recent pilot study, we analyzed protein extracts from the model organisms Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as representatives for multicellular and unicellular green photosynthetically active organisms. The results indicate that the average protein phosphorylation level of the algae C. reinhardtii is higher than that of A. thaliana. Both the average phosphorylation levels were found to be between the extreme values determined so far for prokaryotes (C. glutamicum, lowest levels) and eukaryotes (Mus musculus, highest levels). Tissue samples of A. thaliana representing different stages of plant development showed varying levels of protein phosphorylation indicating a different adjustment of the kinase/phosphatase system. We also utilized the microLC-ICP-MS technology to estimate the efficiency of a novel phosphoprotein enrichment method based on aluminum hydroxide, since the enrichment of phosphorylated species is often an essential step for their molecular characterization.
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PMID:Plant protein phosphorylation monitored by capillary liquid chromatography--element mass spectrometry. 1728 92

Measurement of the phosphorus content of nucleotides and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) offers an approach to the quantitation of nucleic acids that is traceable to the SI. Such measurements can be an alternative to the commonly used spectroscopic tools that are not traceable. Phosphorus measurements of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (TMP) and acid-digested plasmid and genomic DNA preparations were made using high-performance inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (HP-ICP-OES) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared for bias and uncertainty. A prerequisite for quality measurement is the purity of the materials. Quantitation with the two platforms was comparable for the TMP. However, the HPLC values had larger uncertainties and were all statistically different from the gravimetric values at the 95% confidence level. When using ICP-OES, the digestion of the nucleotide monophosphate can be eliminated, thus simplifying the procedure. The differences between the results obtained by using the two platforms, when measuring genomic or plasmid DNA, were dependent on the mass fraction of the digest. ICP-OES measurement of phosphorus provides a highly accurate quantitation for both nucleotide monophosphates and DNA with expanded uncertainties of less than 0.1%. Currently, ICP-OES requires a significant sample size restricting its usefulness for the quantitation of DNA but represents a valuable tool for certification of reference materials. HPLC requires smaller amounts of material to perform the analysis but is less useful for certification of reference materials because of lower accuracy and 10-fold higher expanded uncertainties.
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PMID:Traceable phosphorus measurements by ICP-OES and HPLC for the quantitation of DNA. 1729 52

ICP-MS was used to investigate the uptake of As(III) and As(V) from hydroponics growth media by corn seedlings. It was found that arsenic uptake by the plant roots for the arsenic(V) and arsenic(III) treatments were 95 and 112 ppm, respectively. However, in the shoots of the arsenic (V) treatments had 18 ppm whereas arsenic(III) treatments had 12 ppm. XANES studies showed that As for both treatments arsenic was present as a mixture of an As(III) sulfur complex and an As(V) oxygen complex. The XANES data was corroborated by the EXAFS studies showing the presence of both oxygen and sulfur ligands coordinated to the arsenic. Iron concentrations were found to increase by 4 fold in the As(V) contaminated growth media and 7 fold in the As(III) treatment compared to the control iron concentration of 500 ppm. Whereas, the total iron concentration in the shoots was found to decrease by approximately the same amount for both treatments from 360 ppm in the control to approximately 125 ppm in both arsenic treatments. Phosphorus concentrations were found to decrease in both the roots and shoots compared to the control plants. The total sulfur in the roots was found to increase in the arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) treatments to 560 ppm and 800 ppm, respectively, compared to the control plants 358 ppm. In addition, the total sulfur in shoots of the plants was found to remain relatively constant at approximately 1080 ppm. The potassium concentrations in the plants were found to increase in the roots and decrease in the shoots.
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PMID:Speciation and uptake of arsenic accumulated by corn seedlings using XAS and DRC-ICP-MS. 1792 32

The validity of using elemental phosphorus standards to accurately and precisely quantify phosphopeptides by capillary HPLC (capHPLC) coupled to ICP-collison cell-MS is investigated in detail. Operating requirements to maintain stable (31)P sensitivity along the reversed-phase gradient are described. Specifically, the use of an optimum postcolumn makeup flow with a defined acetonitrile content turned out to be necessary to buffer the acetonitrile variation of the capillary chromatographic eluent and ensure plasma stability. Then, a highly pure P-containing standard (bis(4-nitro-phenyl) phosphate, BNPP) was spiked into the samples and used to quantify them with very low absolute errors (2-4%) and excellent precision (3-6%). The capHPLC-ICPMS method showed excellent linearity over 3 orders of magnitude and provided adequate detection limits (110 fmol, 3.4 pg P). Accurate quantification of the phosphopeptides present in a tryptic digest of beta-casein and casein from bovine milk was then attempted. Previously, and in order to be able to close mass balances, total P contents, percentages of inorganic P present, and recoveries from the reversed-phase column used in the separation were computed for each sample. Quantification using the spiked BNPP for the different phosphopeptides detected matched the expected values well validating the quantitative methodology proposed. The capHPLC-ESIMS analysis allowed elucidating amino acid sequences, a requisite still necessary to translate the determined amount of P in each chromatographic peak into amount of phosphopeptide. The great potential of these strategies, based on ICPMS detection, to assess the many procedures proposed and commonly used for purification, preconcentration, and/or isolation of phosphopeptides in phosphoproteomics studies is demonstrated using a commercially available titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) cartridge for phosphopeptide enrichment from complex mixtures. Quantitative results obtained allow one to assess individual phosphopeptide recoveries from the TiO(2) cartridge with unsurpassed accuracy. Of course, this information is essential for reliable absolute quantifications in phosphoproteomics.
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PMID:Absolute and site-specific quantification of protein phosphorylation using integrated elemental and molecular mass spectrometry: its potential to assess phosphopeptide enrichment procedures. 1824 85


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